To Whom does Outward FDI Give Jobs?

강영호 ( Kang Youngho ),황운중 ( Whang Unjung ) 대외경제정책연구원 2016 Working Papers Vol.16 No.7

산화아연의 전이금속 도핑 및 밴드구조 변화에 대한 제일원리계산연구

강영호(Youngho Kang) 한국세라믹학회 2023 세라미스트 Vol.26 No.3

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have both the electrical conductivity of a metal and the optical transparency of an insulator. Due to this unique feature, TCO is utilized in various applications such as flat panel displays, solar cells, light emitting diodes, and smart windows. At present, Sn-doped In₂O₃ (ITO) is the most widely used in the TCO market because of the superior materials properties. However, due to the demand for higher conductivity, instability of indium supply and high price, research to find new TCO materials has been continuously conducted. In this study, to develop a new TCO based on ZnO, we investigate the thermal stability of the transition metal dopants Sc and V and their effect on the band structure of ZnO using first-principles calculations. Our results show that Sc and V are efficient donors that can generate one free electron by substituting Zn when doped into ZnO. Furthermore, by analyzing the band structure of the doped system and calculating the electron effective mass, we show that Sc and V doping can be an important strategy to develop ZnO-based high-performance TCOs.

자원시장 슈퍼사이클 분석과 특징

강영호 ( Youngho Kang ),박환일 ( Hwanil Park ) 한국농업경제학회 2014 農業經濟硏究 Vol.55 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the super-cycles of commodity prices and compare the main characteristics of the current super-cycles with the previous ones. We applied the asymmetric band pass filter suggested by Christiano and Fitzerald to extract the super-cycles of the World Bank commodity index and 9 commodity prices including oil, coal, natural gas, copper, zinc, aluminum, corn, wheat and soybean. The data runs from Jan. 1960 to Aug. 2012. This study suggested that the uptrend of current super-cycles of most commodities either have ended or will end soon. The uptrend of the current super-cycles exhibits three main characteristics. First, the price volatility of all commodities has increased. Second, the co movement of oil and other commodities have strengthened. Third, oil price has been found to cause other commodities` price. For the government and industry related to commodity development and utilization, the results have two implications. First, it is necessary to understand long term trend of the commodity prices as well as the short term movement and volatility. Second, the end of the uptrend of super-cycle opens the door to expand investment in resource exploration and development and related technology. Investing to secure resources when prices are rising is a high-cost, low-profit business. The right time to invest is when prices are in recession.

Firm Size and Public Policies for Business R&D Expenditures in OECD Countries

Youngho Kang(강영호) 고려대학교 미래성장연구소 2017 미래성장연구 Vol.3 No.1

민간 연구개발 지출을 증진시키기 위해, OECD국가들은 연구개발 조세지원, 연구개발 보조금 지원, 또는 두 가지 지원책을 사용하고 있다. 이 정책들을 지원하는 예산은 제한적이기 때문에, 어떤 정책이 민간 연구개발 지출을 더욱 촉진시키는 지는 정책 결정자에게 중요한 질문이다. 이 연구에는 실증분석으로 연구개발의 두 가지 지원정책들이 기업규모에 따라 다른 효과가 있음을 보였다. 특히, 연구개발 보조금 지원은 종사자 49명 이하의 규모를 가진 기업들의 연구개발 지출을 통계적으로 유의하게 증가시킨 반면, 연구개발 조세지원은 종사자 250명 이상 기업들의 연구개발 지출을 유의하게 증가시켰다. To foster business R&D expenditures, OECD countries have used either R&D tax incentives or R&D subsidies, or both. Because of a limited fiscal budget to implement policies, an important question for policy makers is which policy is effective to stimulate business R&D. The empirical findings in this paper show that the effects of the two policy instruments are different according to firm size. Specifically, R&D subsidies affect positively and significantly the business R&D expenditure in the group of firms with less 49 employees, whereas R&D tax incentives significantly and positively affect those firms that have more than 250 employees.

유형별 연구개발 투자가 인공지능 연구 성과에 미치는 영향

강영호(Youngho Kang),이승환(Seunghwan Lee) 고려대학교 미래성장연구소 2021 미래성장연구 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구에서는 인공지능 연구역량 결정요인을 분석하고 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 글로벌 협력연구, 단계별 연구개발비 요인이 인공지능 연구 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 패널 데이터를 활용하여 회귀분석으로 고정효과 추정모형을 설정하고 분석하였다. 분석결과, 요인별로 인공지능 연구의 양과 질에 영향을 미치는 정도가 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 글로벌 연구협력 요인은 인공지능 연구의 질적 역량은 증가시키나, 양적 역량을 높이는 데에는 효과적이지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 기초 연구개발비는 인공지능 연구의 양⋅질적 역량을 모두 증가시키는데 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에, 한국의 인공지능 연구역량 수준과 결정요인을 고려한 정책 설계가 필요하며, 인공지능과 기초연구와의 융합연구를 강화하고, 인공지능 연구의 질적 성과 제고를 위해 글로벌 연구협력을 확대하는 등 미래지향적 연구개발 재원 배분 및 조정이 필요하다. In this study, we tried to analyze the determinants of artificial intelligence research capability and derive implications. A fixed effect estimation model was established and analyzed by regression analysis using panel data to see how global cooperation research and staged R&D cost factors influenced AI research performance. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the degree of influence on the quantity and quality of artificial intelligence research was different for each determinant. It was analyzed that the determinants for global research cooperation increase the qualitative capacity of artificial intelligence research, but are not effective in enhancing the quantitative capacity. In addition, basic R&D expenses were found to contribute to increasing both the quality and quantity of artificial intelligence research. Therefore, it is necessary to design policies that take into account the level of artificial intelligence research capability and determinants of Korea, strengthen convergence research between artificial intelligence and basic research, and expand global research cooperation to improve the quality of artificial intelligence research. It is necessary to allocate and adjust oriented R&D resources.

조선시대(1392~1910)의 산불정책에 관한 연구

김동현,강영호,김찬범,Kim. Donghyun,Kang. Youngho,Kim. Chanbeom 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.6

본 연구는 우리나라의 주요 역사기록서 분석을 통해 조선시대 518년 동안 태조~순조까지 27대 임금이 교체되면서 왕조별로 산불정책 집행에 대한 기록을 고찰하였다. 연구에 활용된 역사서로서는 조선왕조실록, 승정원일기, 대전회통, 고려사절요, 비변사등록, 신보수교집록, 수교집록, 국역증보문헌비고, 경국대전, 황해도연해금송사목, 제도송금사목, 대전속록, 금조절목이문으로 산불정책이 기록된 문헌을 조사, 분석하였다. 역사기록서 문헌에 기록된 산불정책 내용으로는 일반산림에서의 산불정책, 금산과 봉산, 도성 숲에서의 산불정책, 왕실가의 분묘, 종묘, 태실에서 산불정책, 강무장등 사냥터와 사옹원 군기시 시장(柴場)에서의 산불정책, 산불피해지역 백성을 위한 어사 파견 구휼정책, 사고와 사찰에서의 산불정책, 봉수대 등 국토방위를 위한 산불정책, 병충해 구제를 위한 입화 및 입화단속정책이 포함되어 있다. 조선시대 역사기록서를 분석한 결과 조선시대 산불정책은 크게 산불예방목적과 민생안정목적 정책으로 구분할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 조선시대에도 산불의 심각성으로 인해 조정 및 지방에서 여러 산불예방정책과 산불 피해로 인한 민생안정정책이 시행되었다. 또한 산불예방정책 중 산림내 주요시설물을 관리하는 방법이 포함되어 있다. This study surveyed historical records on forest fire polcis during Joseon Dynasty`s 518 years (1392~1910) in being and analyzed the Annals of Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), The daily records of royal secretariat of Joseon dynasty(承政院日記), Daejonhoetong(大典會通), Koryosachulyo(高麗史節要), Bibyeonsadeungnok(備邊司謄錄), Shinbo Sugyo Jibrok(新補受敎輯錄), Sugyo Jibrok(受敎輯錄), Chungbo munheon bigo(增補文獻備考), Kyeonggukdaejeon(經國大典), Hwanghaedoyeonhaekumsongsamok(黃海 道沿海禁松節目), Jedosongkumsamok(諸道松禁事目), Taezonsokrok(大典續錄), Kumjojeolmokimun(禁條節目移文). Notes recorded in the history of literature wildfire policy is included such as general forest policy, Kumsan(禁山) and Bongsan(封山), citadel in the forest fire policy, Jongmyo(Royal tomb) Shrine of forest fire policy, hunting ground, salvage, defence, pest extermination. In conclusion, forest policy of Joseon Dynast was performed wildfire prevention policy and livelihood stabilization policy. In addition, forest fire prevention policies and how to manage in the major facilities are included.

역사기록서 고찰을 통한 조선시대 산사태 특성 분석

이창우,서준표,강영호,Lee. Changwoo,Seo. Junpyo,Kang. Youngho 한국방재학회 2013 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.13 No.6

본 연구는 조선시대 산사태 발생현황과 특성에 대해서 현시대와 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구에 활용된 역사기록서는 조선왕조실록, 승정원일기, 비변사등록으로 이들 역사기록서에서 산사태, 토석류, 낙석을 포함하는 기록들을 고찰하였다. 조선시대 산사태 발생 원인은 강우가 81%로 가장 높았고, 50년 단위연도별 발생비율은 호우빈도와 유사한 결과로 나타났다. 그리고 월별산사태 발생 피해비율은 8월(30.7%), 7월(22.9%) 9월(18.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 또한 지역별 산사태 발생 피해비율은 강원도(16.3%), 서울(14.4%), 경기도 (13.4%), 경상북도(11.4%), 경상남도(10.9%) 순으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 조선시대의 산사태 특징은 발생원인과 빈발하는 월이 현재와 유사하였다. 또한 지역에 따른 피해발생비율도 유사점은 있었으나, 도심지에서는 다소 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 미래의 산사태 연구방향 및 정책수립에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다. In this study, the characteristic and occurrence on landslide of Joseon Dynasty were analyzed in order to compare with those of the present. Using the historical records on the Annals of Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄). The daily records of royal secretariat of Joseon Dynasty(承政院日記) and Bibyeonsadeungnok(備邊司謄錄), the record of landslide, debris flow and rockfall of Joseon Dynasty was investigated. The major cause of landslide of Joseon Dynasty was rainfall that was occupied by 81%, the ratio of landslide occurrence per 50 years was similar to frequency of torrential rain for same period. The ratio of landslide damage by month was the highest in August(30.7%) and the next was the July(22.9%) and September(18.8%) in order. And the ratio of landslide damage by region was the highest in Kangwon province(16.3%) and the next was the Seoul city(14.4%), Gyeonggi(13.4%), Gyeongbuk(11.4%), Gyeongnam(10.9%) province in order. The result show that causes, occurrence period and the damage ratio by regional on landslide of Joseon Dynasty were similar to those of the present, but there was a little difference in the city area. These results will be helpful to predict landslide trend in the future and set up policy countermeasures for landslide.

질소 분시방법이 벼 생육에 미치는 영향

김효진(Hyojin Kim),유영석(Yeongseok Yu),강영호(Youngho Kang),최유나(Yuna Choi),조대호(Daeho Cho),이덕렬(Deokryeol Lee),김주(Ju Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2022 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2022 No.10

논 콩 항공방제시 비행조건에 따른 비산저감노즐과 관행노즐의 방제 성능 분석

이춘구 ( Chun Gu Lee ),유승화 ( Seung-hwa Yu ),이지근 ( Jeekeun Lee ),강영호 ( Youngho Kang ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 농업기계공학 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of nozzle types and flight conditions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on spraying performance in field condition. Octocopter with conventional nozzles and developed nozzle was tested in soybean field. The performance of nozzles were evaluated in terms of the coverage and penetration ratio accoring to three flight speed (2,3,4 m/s) and three flight altitude (2,3,4 m). Spray droplets were collected with water sensitive paper at upper and middle part of plant. As a result of the experiment, the coverage of the developed nozzle was higher than that of the conventional nozzle under all conditions. As the flight speed increased, the coverage of both nozzles decreased, with the conventional nozzle decreasing even more. As the flight altitude increased, the coverage decreased, but the difference was not significant. In the case of spray droplet penetration rate, developed nozzle was higher than conventioanl nozzle. As a result of analysis, it was found that the developed nozzle had better spraying performance than the conventional nozzle. And since an increase in flight speed has a large effect on the coverage, it seems that the effective application rate of the plant protection product should be identified.

노즐 형상 및 방제 드론 작동조건에 따른 약액 부착율 평가

유상현,Reza,유승화(Seounghwa Yu),최용(Young Choi),강영호(Youngho Kang),이지근(Jeekeun Lee) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

In this paper, the coverage ratio of pesticide spray injected from two types of nozzles (XR and AI) set in a agricultural UAV was evaluated. The test was carried out in the indoor facility at which the effect of environmental parameters can be minimized. The coverage ratio was evaluated using water sensitive papers with the change of operating conditions, including nozzle type, drone speed, flying height and blade rpm. As the drone flight speed and height increased, the coverage ratio decreased. In addition, the coverage ratio of the AI nozzle was higher than that of the XR nozzle.