http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Studies on Cd and Zn Removal Ability and Detoxification of Oenanthe stolonifera
Lee,Soo Yoen,Lee,In Sook 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-
수질 정화능이 뛰어난 정수 식물로서 국내에서 자생하고 식용으로 널리 재배되는 미나리를 이용하여 수질 및 토양내의 중금속 오염정도를 biomonitoring할 수 있는지에 중점을 두어 중금속제거능 및 내성기작의 일부인 금속결합단백질(MBP) 에 대해 조사하였다. 중금속 제거능은 4일동안 단일 처리(Cd, Zn) 와 혼합처리(Cd+Zn)하여 제거율을 비교하였으며, 제거 경향도 조사하였다. Cd의 경우는 단일 처리시 (82.9%)가 혼합처리시(76.8%)보다 제거율이 높게 나왔고, Zn도 90.4%, 75%로 단일 처리시 높게 나타났다. 이것은 혼합처리가 단일 처리시보다 더 독성효과가 커지는 상승작용에 기인하여 제거율이 떨어지는 것으로 사료된다. 중금속의 종류에 따라 초기 제거율이 다른데 Cd는 처리 1일째에서 60% 이상이었고, Zn은 처리 4일째에 75∼90%의 제거율을 보였다. 중금속 내성을 보이는 동안 처리조 배양액의 pH 변화 및 뿌리의 MBP를 조사한 결과, 실험기간 동안 중금속 처리구는 대조구와 비교해서 배양액을 산성화했는데, 이는 중금속 노출시 뿌리에서 피층 세포로부터 유기산을 분비하여 독성으로부터 보호하고 적응하는 내성작용의 일부인 것으로 생각된다. 중금속 독성에 대한 근본적인 내성을 나타낼 수 있게 한 MBP유도를 column chromatography를 통해 70부근과 80부근의 분획에서 확인하였고, Zn-enzyme pool은 40∼50분획에서 존재함을 알수 있었다. 본 연구는 미나리의 중금속 제거능이 미나리의 내성에 의한 결과임을 밝혔고, 수질의 중금속 오염 biomarket로서 MBP를 이용할 수 있으리라는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. To examine the possibility of biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution in water and soil, a study was performed to investigate the heavy metal removal ability and metal-binding protein(MBP) as detoxification process using Oenanthe stolonifera. After O. stolonifera was exposed to individuals (cadmium, zinc) and mixture(cadmium+zinc) for 4 days, removal rate of heavy metal and pH in the treatment medium was measured. MBP was assayed by means of ion exchange column chromatography. The exposrue to mixture (Cd:76.8%, Zn:75%) rather than individuals(Cd:82.9%, Zn:90.4%0 showed a synergism raising the toxic effect. Initial removal rate was different for each heavy metal: in case of exposure to cadmium it was over 60% on day 1, while for zinc it was 75∼90% on day 4. throughout the experimental period, pH value of treatment medium continuously decreased, since cortex in the roots may secret organic acid to adjust and prevent toxicity of metals. The existence of MBP in the 70∼80 fraction and the presence of Zn-enzyme pool was ascertained with the column chromatography. This study demonstrated a possibility that heavy metal removal ability of O. stolonifera resulted from detoxification process and MBP could be utilized as a biomarket of heavy metal pollution.
Chae, Jey Sook,Kim, Oh Yoen,Paik, Jean Kyung,Kang, Ryungwoo,Seo, Woo Ju,Jeong, Tae-Sook,Sweeney, Gary,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Jong Ho Elsevier 2011 Atherosclerosis Vol.218 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>We investigated an association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB>) activity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with metabolic syndrome (MS).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We performed a case–control study in MS women (<I>n</I>=368) and non-MS women (<I>n</I>=854). Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity LDL particle size; leukocyte number; ox-LDL, LDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels were measured.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>MS women had smaller LDL particle size; higher plasma ox-LDL levels and Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity; and higher serum TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP, than non-MS women. In controls, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity weakly but significantly correlated with LDL-cholesterol; in MS women, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL, TNF-α, and IL-6 after adjusting for age and BMI. The relationship between Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity and ox-LDL still maintained after further adjustment for LDL-cholesterol. Additionally, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity together with LDL particle size were significant independent predictors of MS (multivariate analysis), and ox-LDL was a major contributor to the increase in Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity in MS women (multiple stepwise regression). In a subgroup analysis, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity was negatively associated with IL-6 levels in non-MS postmenopausal women, but positively with IL-6 in both postmenopausal and premenopausal women with MS. Postmenopausal women with MS had significantly higher Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity, ox-LDL and IL-6 than those without MS, and premenopausal women with or without MS, after the adjustment.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Elevated plasma Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity was associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and ox-LDL in MS women. This association was also affected by menopause status, suggesting that Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> may represent a novel marker for oxidation and inflammation in MS.</P>
Current Status of Patient Safety Regulations, Guidelines and Support Mechanisms in Korean Hospitals
Lee, Jae Ho,Kim, Jeong Eun,Kim, Suk Wha,Lee, Sang Il,Jung, Yoen Yi,Kim, Moon Sook,Jang, Seon Mi The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul Na 2013 간호학의 지평 Vol.10 No.2
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate patient safety regulations and guidelines in order to understand their current status, and to examine support measures to improve patient safety in Korean hospitals. Methods: The participants were the safety officers from hospitals with 200 or more beds and 112 hospitals responded to the online survey. The questions covered patient safety regulations, the performance level of patient safety activities, patient safety incident reporting systems, the dedicated professional, training, support mechanisms, and expectations of reporting systems. Results: Among preventative measures, fall prevention and hand hygiene were reported to be most widely practiced (92% and 91%, respectively). Time-out for invasive procedures showed a relatively low practice rate at 70%. Among patient care activities, transfusion, surgery and sedation, medication, and infection management were performed by 84, 74, 93 and 93% of the hospitals, respectively. Patient safety activities included patient safety committee, patient safety cooperation between decision-making bodies, patient safety workshops, seminars, lectures, and training for employees. Conclusion: Patient safety regulations and guidelines have not yet been sufficiently prepared, and a public institution such as a certification authority is of crucial importance to enforce these guidelines.
일개 대학병원에서 8년(1994-2001) 동안 반코마이신 내성 장구균(VRE) 감염 환자의 임상상 및 사망 위험요인 분석
이연주,이재갑,황병연,정혜원,정성주,기세윤,송준영,황인숙,엄중식,정희진,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5
목적 : 반코마이신 내성 장구균(VRE)은 중요한 원내 감염균으로 대부분의 항생제에 내성을 보여 치료에 어려움이 있고, vancomycin에 대한 내성 조절 유전자가 Staphylococcus aureus로 전달됨이 임상적으로 보고된 바 있어서 큰 우려가 되고 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 아직까지 반코마이신 내성 장구균의 임상양상 및 사망에 기여하는 요인에 대한 체계적인 연구가 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1개 대학에서 8년간 VRE 감염 환자의 임상상 및 사망위험에 대한 분석을 실시하고 이를 바탕으로 VRE에 대한 역학 및 임상상을 파악하여 병원내 전파를 막아 병원 감염 관리에 유용하게 이용하려 한다. 방법 : 고려대학교 구로병원에서 1994년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 입원한 환자 중에서 VRE가 분리된 환자 67예를 대상으로 후향적인 의무기록 분석을 통하여 VRE 감염 환자의 임상상 및 사망에 기여하는 위험 요인을 단변량 및 다변량 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : VRE의 발생빈도는 1996년 0.99%에서 2001년 7.8%로 점차 증가되었고, 분리주의 반코마이신 내성 표현형은 VanA 40예(59.7%), VanB 23예(34.3%), VanC 3예(6%)였고, 균종분포는 E. faecium이 57주(85.1%), E. faecalis가 7주(10.4%)로 대부분을 차지하였다. 사망에 기여하는 위험요인의 단변량 분석에서 신기능 저하, 중심 정맥관 삽입, 기관 절개가 위험요인이였고, 다변량 분석에서는 신기능 저하만이 사망에 기여하는 위험요인이었다. 결론 : 반코마이신 내성 장구균은 매년 증가하는 추세에 있고, 이중 VanA의 표현형과 E. faecium이 다수를 차지하고 있다. 그리고 중환자실에서 장기간 입원한 환자와 신기능 저하와 같은 기저질환을 가지고 있는 환자에서 VRE 발생이 많았다. 따라서, VRE가 분리된 환자의 주의 깊은 격리 및 감염 관리, 그리고 특히 vancomycin과 같은 glycopeptide 항생제의 신중한 사용이 중요할 것으로 사료된다. Background : Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection is an emerging nosocomial problem. VRE usually multidrug-resistant, poses therapeutic dilemmas. The gene that encodes the resistance against vancomycin may spread the resistance to Staphylococcus aureus. However, there are no well-organized studies on the clinical manifestations and the factors that contribute to mortality in Korea. Herein, this study was focused on the clinical manifestations and mortality risks of patients with VRE infection during 8 years (1994-2001) in a university hospital. Understanding of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of VRE would help develop control strategy of VRE outbreak in a hospital. Method : Sixty seven cases that had the VRE infection in Korea University Guro Hospital from January 1, 1994 to December 12, 2001, were reviewed. We analyzed the risk factors of VRE infection and death by using univariable and multivariable statistic analyses. Results : VRE infections have recently been increasing. Most of VRE infections were caused by Enterococcus faecium (85.1%) and Enterococcus faecalis (10.4%). Among 67 cases, 40 cases (59.7%) expressed VanA phenotype, 23 cases (34.3%) expressed VanB phenotype, and 3 cases expressed VanC phenotype (6%). The risk factors for death were renal dysfunction, central venous catheter insertion, and tracheostomy by using univariable analysis. The risk factor for death was renal dysfunction by using multivariable analysis. Conclusion : VRE has been increasing during the late 1990s in Korea. The VRE infection occurs especially in the patients who have renal dysfunction, long-term hospitalization, and ICU care. The implementation of careful isolation, infection control measures, prudent use of antibiotics, especially vancomycin, and periodic screening of patients populations are required to control VRE infection.
Jae Yoen Lee,Sook Young Shim 한국유아교육학회 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.8 No.1
This paper reviews about developmentally appropriate practices(DAP) in terms of parent-teacher collaboration and discusses actual practices in early childhood education(ECE). First, developmentally appropriate parent involvement in early childhood programs is discussed with related theories and research. Second, implementing developmentally appropriate parent involvement is suggested by educating parents through a variety of practices, such as communication, parent meeting, and classroom involvement. Finally, involving parents in related DAP educational activities at home is essential to improve the quality of early childhood programs. It is concluded that the DAP statement envisions parents in lead roles as promoters and monitors of developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood settings.