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Choline dehydrogenase interacts with SQSTM1/p62 to recruit LC3 and stimulate mitophagy.
Park, Sungwoo,Choi, Seon-Guk,Yoo, Seung-Min,Son, Jin H,Jung, Yong-Keun Landes Bioscience 2014 AUTOPHAGY Vol.10 No.11
<P>CHDH (choline dehydrogenase) is an enzyme catalyzing the dehydrogenation of choline to betaine aldehyde in mitochondria. Apart from this well-known activity, we report here a pivotal role of CHDH in mitophagy. Knockdown of CHDH expression impairs CCCP-induced mitophagy and PARK2/parkin-mediated clearance of mitochondria in mammalian cells, including HeLa cells and SN4741 dopaminergic neuronal cells. Conversely, overexpression of CHDH accelerates PARK2-mediated mitophagy. CHDH is found on both the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria in resting cells. Interestingly, upon induction of mitophagy, CHDH accumulates on the outer membrane in a mitochondrial potential-dependent manner. We found that CHDH is not a substrate of PARK2 but interacts with SQSTM1 independently of PARK2 to recruit SQSTM1 into depolarized mitochondria. The FB1 domain of CHDH is exposed to the cytosol and is required for the interaction with SQSTM1, and overexpression of the FB1 domain only in cytosol reduces CCCP-induced mitochondrial degradation via competitive interaction with SQSTM1. In addition, CHDH, but not the CHDH FB1 deletion mutant, forms a ternary protein complex with SQSTM1 and MAP1LC3 (LC3), leading to loading of LC3 onto the damaged mitochondria via SQSTM1. Further, CHDH is crucial to the mitophagy induced by MPP+ in SN4741 cells. Overall, our results suggest that CHDH is required for PARK2-mediated mitophagy for the recruitment of SQSTM1 and LC3 onto the mitochondria for cargo recognition.</P>
Wontae Kim,Sungwoo Bae,Haecheol Park,Kwanho Park,Sang beom Lee,Gilsang Jeong,Youngcheol Choi,Youngho Koh 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is known as a beneficial insect and feeds on organic materials derived from animals and human, resulting in reduction of food waste and conversion of organic materials. Despite of a lot of study about the BSF, there is a less information about composition of digestive enzyme of the BSF larva. Experimentally, there is no evidence about characterization of digestive enzyme of the BSF. We investigated biochemical property of digestive enzyme released from the salivary and gut of the BSF. Through digestive enzyme assay, we found that the BSF has amylase, lipase and protease activity in gut extracts, resulting in that the BSF belong to polyphagous insect group. In the BSF gut, trypsin-like protease activity showed one peak at various temperature and pH condition. This result means the BSF has probably a similar form of trypsin-like enzymes. On study of comparison of enzyme activity between the BSF and the housefly using the apiZYM kit, the BSF had more strongly digestive enzyme activity than one of the housefly about leucine arylamidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase. This finding supports that the BSF can ingest raw waste far more efficiently than any other known species of fly as reported previously.
Characterization of CCND1 and TWIST1 as Prognostic Markers with the Mortality Rate of Breast Cancer
Sungwoo Ahn,Sangjung Park,Hye-Young Wang,Sunyoung Park,Jungho Kim,Hyeyoung Lee 대한의생명과학회 2018 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.24 No.2
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Although the survival rate of breast cancer has increased, breast cancer still results in a high mortality rate. Breast cancer deaths are caused by metastasis that occurs in organ dysfunction. Recently, there have been many studies on circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are related to breast cancer metastasis in the blood. Recent studies have demonstrated that some CTCs do not express epithelial markers. Therefore, in this study, total RNA was extracted from blood without separating out the CTCs, and the characteristics of the CTCs were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Cyclin D1 and twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) are well-known markers for predicting the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. However, few studies have demonstrated the use of CCND1 and TWIST1 in blood as diagnostic and prognostic markers of breast cancer. In this study, patients with late-stage breast cancer had overexpressed CCND1 and TWIST1 than patients with different stages of breast cancer (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The relative expression level of CCND1 in survivors was higher than in patients who died (P = 0.06). The relative expression level of TWIST1 in survivors was lower than in patients who died (P = 0.08). Overall CCND1 and TWIST1 were not useful as markers for the diagnosis of breast cancer through blood. However, we showed the possibility of using CCND1 and TWIST1 as prognostic markers, and a large-scale study is needed to confirm the usefulness of these prognostic markers.
Recombinant human erythropoietin produced in milk of transgenic pigs
Park, Jin-Ki,Lee, Yun-Keun,Lee, Poongyeon,Chung, Hak-Jae,Kim, Sungwoo,Lee, Hyun-Gi,Seo, Myung-Kyu,Han, Joo-Hee,Park, Chun-Gyu,Kim, Hun-Taek,Kim, Yong-Kook,Min, Kwan-Sik,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Lee, Hoon-Taek,Cha Elsevier 2006 Journal of biotechnology Vol.122 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We have developed a line of transgenic swine harboring recombinant human erythropoietin through microinjection into fertilized one cell pig zygotes. Milk from generations F<SUB>1</SUB> and F<SUB>2</SUB> transgenic females was analyzed, and hEPO was detected in milk from all lactating females at concentrations of approximately 877.9±92.8IU/1ml. The amino acid sequence of rhEPO protein in the transgenic pig milk matched that of commercial rhEPO produced from cultured animal cells. In addition, an F-36 cell line, which proliferates in the presence of hEPO or commercial EPO, was induced to synthesize erythroid by extracts from tg sow milk. This study provides evidence that production of purified rhEPO from transgenic pig milk is a potentially valuable technology, and can be used as a cost-effective alternative in clinical applications as well as providing other clinical advantages.</P>
Platonic Rhetoric as a Philosophical Response to Parrhesia
Sungwoo Park 한국서양고전학회 2019 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.58 No.3
This paper examines how Plato develops a specific concept of rhetoric and how he accomplishes both philosophical and political goals with his own version of rhetoric. Section I situates Plato’s interest in rhetoric in the Greek context and gives a brief overview of the paper. Section II introduces the practice of parrhesia and points out some of its defects as a democratic practice. Section III illustrates how Plato responds to the problems of parrhesia by replacing it with philosophical parrhesia through the prism of Plato’s Laches. Section IV examines Gorgias to see how Plato deliberately combines irony and parrhesia for philosophical and a political purposes. Section V investigates Plato’s description of democracy in the Republic to show how his scheme for parrhesia works in democratic regime in terms of both maintaining philosophy and reforming politics.
Type-safe higher-order channels with channel locality
PARK, SUNGWOO,IM, HYEONSEUNG Cambridge University Press 2009 Journal of functional programming Vol.19 No.1
<B>Abstract</B><P>As a means of transmitting not only data but also code encapsulated within functions, higher-order channels provide an advanced form of task parallelism in parallel computations. In the presence of mutable references, however, they pose a safety problem because references may be transmitted to remote threads where they are no longer valid. This paper presents an ML-like parallel language with <I>type-safe</I> higher-order channels. By type safety, we mean that no value written to a channel contains references, or equivalently, that no reference escapes via a channel from the thread where it is created. The type system uses a typing judgment that is capable of deciding whether the value to which a term evaluates contains references or not. The use of such a typing judgment also makes it easy to achieve another desirable feature of channels, <I>channel locality</I>, that associates every channel with a unique thread for serving all values addressed to it. Our type system permits mutable references in sequential computations and also ensures that mutable references never interfere with parallel computations. Thus, it provides both flexibility in sequential programming and ease of implementing parallel computations.</P>
Sungwoo Park,Eunseok Cho,Amal Senevirathne,Hak-Jae Chung,Seungmin Ha,Chae-Hyun Kim,Seogjin Kang,John Hwa Lee 대한수의학회 2024 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.25 No.1
Background: Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy and is associated with several outbreaks, causing substantial economic loss to the porcine industry. Objectives: In this study, we focused on demonstrating the protective effect in the mouse model through the immunological bases of two vaccine strains against porcine proliferative enteritis. Methods: We used live-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) secreting two selected immunogenic LI antigens (Lawsonia autotransporter A epitopes and flagellin [FliC]-peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein-FliC) as the vaccine carrier. The constructs were cloned into a Salmonella expression vector (pJHL65) and transformed into the ST strain (JOL912). The expression of immunogenic proteins within Salmonella was evaluated via immunoblotting. Results: Immunizing BALB/c mice orally and subcutaneously induced high levels of LI-specific systemic immunoglobulin G and mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A. In immunized mice, there was significant upregulation of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 cytokine mRNA and an increase in the subpopulations of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD 8+ T lymphocytes upon splenocytes re-stimulation with LI antigens. We observed significant protection in C57BL/6 mice against challenge with 106.9 times the median tissue culture infectious dose of LI or 2 × 109 colony-forming units of the virulent ST strain. Immunizing mice with either individual vaccine strains or co-mixture inhibited bacterial proliferation, with a marked reduction in the percentage of mice shedding Lawsonia in their feces. Conclusions: Salmonella-mediated LI gene delivery induces robust humoral and cellular immune reactions, leading to significant protection against LI and salmonellosis.