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미생물 실험실 안전에 관한 조사 연구 : Ⅲ. 실험실 생물재해 관리 Ⅲ. Control of Biohazard in the Laboratory
이호왕,김주성,정윤섭,정희영,장우현 대한감염학회 1990 감염 Vol.22 No.1
The response to an emergency resulting from an accident involving micro-organisms, whether in laboratory or during transit, needs to be graded according to the degree of hazard to human created by the circumstances of the accident and the properties of the organisms concerned. Kim and Lee(1988) reported 102 laboratory acquired infections among 2,417 laboratory workers during 1981-1985 in Korea. It is estimated 8.28 infections annually per 1,000 laboratory workers. A catagorization of micro-organisms by risk group is proposed for the purpose of accident management, and classification of etiological agents on the basis of hazard in Korea has published by Kim and Lee et al (1988) as a general reference for some laboratory activities utilizing infectious agents. This publication will provide specific descriptions of combinations of microbiological practices, safety equipments, and laboratory facilities and recommendations for use in four categories or biosafety levels of laboratory operations with selected infectious agents of man. Recommendations for biosafety levels for specific agents are made on the basis of the potential hazard of the agent and of the laboratory function or activity.
Impact of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy on Gut Microbiota in F344 Rats: Pilot Study
( Cheol Min Shin ),( Nayoung Kim ),( Yong Sung Kim ),( Ryoung Hee Nam ),( Ji Hyun Park ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Yeong-jae Seok ),( Yeon-ran Kim ),( Joo-hyon Kim ),( Jung Min Kim ),( Joo Sung Kim ),( Hyun C 대한소화기학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.6
Background/Aims: To evaluate changes in gut microbiota composition following long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Methods: Twenty-four-week-old F344 rats were fed diets with (n=6) or without (n=5) lansoprazole for 50 weeks. Profiles of luminal microbiota in the terminal ileum were then analyzed. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using an FLX genome sequencer (454 Life Sciences/Roche). Results: Rats treated with lansoprazole showed significantly reduced body weights compared to controls (lansoprazole-treated rats and controls, 322.3±15.3 g vs 403.2±5.2 g, respectively, p<0.001). However, stool frequencies and consistencies did not differ between the two groups. The composition of the gut microbiota in lansoprazole- treated rats was quite different from that of the controls. In the controls, the microbiota profiles obtained from the terminal ileum showed a predominance of Proteobacteria (93.9%) due to the abundance of Escherichia and Pasteurella genera. Conversely, lansoprazole-treated rats showed an elevated population of Firmicutes (66.9%), which was attributed to an increased ratio of Clostridium g4 to Lactobacillus genera. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that long-term administration of PPI may cause weight loss and changes to the microbiota in the terminal ileum. (Gut Liver 2016;10:896-901)
Health risk assessment of dermal and inhalation exposure to deodorants in Korea
Kim, Joo-Hyon,Kim, Taksoo,Yoon, Hyojung,Jo, Areum,Lee, Daeyeop,Kim, Pilje,Seo, Jungkwan Elsevier 2018 The Science of the total environment Vol.625 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In Korea, humidifiers that include biocidal ingredients have caused serious lung injuries and deaths. After these incidents, public concern regarding the use of chemicals in products (i.e., chemical phobia) increased. Frequent health risk assessments and stringent management of consumer products are, therefore, of paramount importance to reduce these serious occurrences. In this study, the irritative and respiratory health effects of deodorants were assessed in relation to dermal and inhalation exposure. In total, 64 deodorants were divided into 5 groups by application type, and health risk assessments were conducted on each group. In total, 26 fragrance ingredients and 27 biocidal ingredients were analyzed and assessed according to their risk to human health. Exposure assessment was performed in two steps. In the tiered 1 assessment (screening), the 95th exposure factor values were used to estimate exposure to assume the worst-case scenario. The maximum concentration in the deodorants was used without considering the application type. In the tiered 2 assessment (detail assessment), the 75th exposure factor values were used to estimate the assumed reasonable exposure to ingredients. In these assessments, the maximum concentration used in the exposure models was determined by the product purpose and application type. The values input into the exposure algorithms were developed via the exposure route. Of the selected fragrance and biocidal active ingredients, 18 fragrance and 13 biocidal ingredients were detected in the deodorants that were assessed. From the results of the tiered 1 assessment, it was necessary for tiered 2 risk assessments to be conducted for 6 ingredients for the inhalation route, and 13 ingredients for the dermal route. The inhalation margin of exposure of ingredients in deodorants of gel/trigger/spray types for home/car and fabric/air usage was above the target margin of exposure. The health risk of 6 evaluated ingredients was relatively low for the inhalation route of exposure.</P> <P>This study showed that the assessed ingredients have no health risks at their maximum concentrations in deodorants. The approach discussed in this study should be used to establish improved guidelines for specific ingredients in consumer products, and for setting limits for newly developed raw materials that may pose dermal and inhalation hazard.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Thirteen hazardous ingredients in 482 deodorants were analyzed. </LI> <LI> We assessed irritative and respiratory health effects of sixty four deodorant products. </LI> <LI> Effects on health were assessed for dermal and inhalation exposure in two steps, tiered 1and 2. </LI> <LI> No health risks were noted for maximum concentrations of the deodorant ingredients. </LI> <LI> Health risk assessment approach helps establish guidelines for consumer product ingredients. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>