晩求 李種杞의 性理思想

임종진(Lim Jong-Jin) 대한철학회 2004 哲學硏究 Vol.89 No.-

만구 이종기는 비교적 알려지지 않은 19세기 말 영남의 퇴계학파에 속하는 인물이다. 그렇지만 그의 학문적 업적은 생각 이상으로 높이 평가될 여지가 많다. 이종기의 학문 세계는 이기론과 심성론을 중심으로 하는 성리학의 범주를 결코 벗어나는 일이 없었다. 그 중에서도 특히 이황의 성리학을 충실하게 계승하려는 입장이었다. 그는 기본적으로 이황의 주리론적 입장을 따르고 있지만 지나치게 리와 기만을 중요시한 '主理(주리)', '主氣(주기)' 양쪽의 이론에 대해서는 회의적이었다. 이러한 입장은 물론 주기론에 대한 비판이 보다 큰 비중을 차지하지만 한편으로는 차츰 리만을 중요시 하여 리로 모든 것을 해석하려는 퇴계학파 내의 주리론적 경화 현상에 대한 주리론 내부의 자기반성적 태도에서 비롯되었다고 평가할 수 있다. 그는 당시의 대표적인 영남의 유학자들과 긴밀한 학술적 교류가 있었으며, 특히 한주학파와의 논변은 주목할 만한 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그가 지금껏 별로 알려지지 않은 이유를 생각해 보면 퇴계학파 내의 유력한 분파에 직접 속하고 있지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 장복추·이진상·김흥락 등 기라성 같은 한말 퇴계학파 후예들과 곽종석·이승희 등 그 다음 세대에 가려진 탓이 큰 것으로 보인다. 특히 그는 지리적으로 볼 때 현재의 고령에 거주하였기 때문에 이진상의 한주학파에 속하는 것이 자연스러웠을 것이다. 그러나 그는 퇴계사상의 본래적 입장에 충실하면서 이진상 및 그의 문인들과 치열한 성리학적 논변을 전개하였다. 이종기와 이진상 및 그의 문인들과 주고받은 편지를 통해서 그 당시 퇴계학파 내에서 한주학파와 비한주학파 사이의 성리학적 이해의 차이점을 살펴보는 것은 앞으로의 과제가 될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 과제를 수행하기 위한 예비작업으로 주로 이종기 자신의 성리학적 관점이 간결하게 담겨있는 그의 글을 통해서 그의 성리사상을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 이종기는 대산 이상정 이전의 보수적인 퇴계사상의 수용을 기본으로 해서 율곡학파(기호학파)의 주기론적 경향에 대한 비판을 전개하면서, 동시에 퇴계학파 내에서도 지나치게 리 중심의 경향에 치우친 것으로 보이는 이진상 계열의 성리학적 견해를 비판하였다. 이를 통해서 이종기는 주자학-퇴계학 계열로 이어지는 이른바 '性理學的 正脈(성리학적 정맥)'의 본 모습을 다시 한번 환기시킴으로써, ‘퇴계학의 보수적 계승자’의 위치에서 당시 한말 영남 유학계의 사상적 중심을 유지하는 역할을 수행한 것으로 평가할 수 있다. This article aims at understanding Mangu Lee Jong-Gi(1837-1902's Neo- Confucian thought. Lee Jong-Gi was a scholar of the school of Toegye in Youngnam area in the 19th century. Lee Jong-Gi's Neo-Confucian thought is a system of his interpretations of Chu Hsi's and especially Toegye Lee Hwang’s Neo-Confucian thought. His thought can be divided into the theory of li-ch'i and, the theory of human mind and nature. It is expressed well in his letters addressed to Lee Jin-Sang(1818-1886), and Kwak Jong-Suk(1847-1916), and in his miscellaneous writings. Toegye's advocacy of the mutual movement of li and ch'i refers to no other than the manifestation of li and movement of ch'i. In contrast, Yulgok Lee I's view of li and ch'i is different widely from that of Toegye. Yulgok's view of li and ch'i bases itself on the view that only ch’i moves by its own energy being governed by li. Lee Jong-Gi agrees with Toegye's viewpoints and could not but criticize Yulgok’s theory by way of clarifying Chu Hsi’s and Toegye's theory of li-ch'i. And Lee Jong-Gi criticizes Lee Jin-Sang, a prominent Neo-Confucian scholar of the his period. Lee Jin-Sang asserts that mind is li. This had been one of the most controversial issues in the academic circle of Neo-Confucianism in Youngnam area in the 19th century. Lee Jong-Gi emphasizes the orthodox views of the school of Toegye through the criticism of two prominent Neo-Confucian scholars of the Chosun period, Lee I and Lee Jin-Sang.

기획논문 : 고령지역 사상(思想)의 특징과 사적(史的) 전개(展開) ; 만구(晩求) 이종기(李種杞)의 성리학적 입장에 대한 검토 -한주학파(寒洲學派)와의 논변을 중심으로-

임종진 ( Jong Jin Lim ) 경북대학교 퇴계학연구소 2008 퇴계학과 유교문화 Vol.43 No.-

본 논문은 19세기말 영남의 성리학자인 李種杞의 성리학적 입장을 살펴보는 것이 주된 목적이다. 性理學에 대한 이종기의 입장은 그의 문집 속에 들어 있는 소논문들, 李震相과 그의 제자 및 다른 성리학자들과 주고받은 편지 등을 통해서 알 수 있다. 이러한 글 속에서 이종기는 여러 성리학적 주제들과 관련된 자신의 입장을 피력하였다. 그런데 이러한 자료들을 분석해 보면, 이종기는 크게 두 측면에서 자신의 성리학적 입장을 드러내 보이고 있다. 첫 번째 측면은 기호학파의 대표적인 인물인 李珥의 성리학적 입장에 대한 비판을 통해서 退溪學派로서의 자신의 사상적 좌표를 명확하게 설정하였다는 점이다. 두 번째 측면은 퇴계학파 내에서의 성리학적 입장과 관련되어 있다. 이점과 관련해서는 이종기와 이진상을 비롯한 寒洲學派(許愈, 尹胄夏, 郭鍾錫)와의 논변을 주목할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서 주로 다루고자 하는 것은 바로 이 부분이다. 理氣論과 心性論을 중심으로 해서 이 부분에 대한 이종기와 한주학파의 성리학적 차이점을 드러내 보이면, 자연스럽게 당시 퇴계학파 내에서 이종기의 성리학적 입장이 가지는 의미와 평가가 도출될 수 있을 것이다. 먼저 理氣論과 관련해서 살펴보면, 양측 모두는 기본적으로 朱熹와 이황에서 비롯된 主理論의 입장을 표방하고 있다. 그러나 한 걸음 더 나아가면 여러 가지 주제에서 차이를 보이고 있다. 요컨대 한주학파는 보다 주리적인 측면을 부각시켜 리와 기의 차별성을 강조하려는 입장이라면, 이종기는 리와 기의 조화와 공존의 측면을 보다 강조하려는 입장이다. 心性論과 관련해서도 한주학파는 心卽理說을 주창함으로써 이황의 心合理氣說을 고수한 이종기와 대립하였다. 그런데 이러한 양측의 입장 차이는 쉽게 해소될 수 없는 구조적인 문제이기도 하다. 왜냐하면 첫째는 朱熹와 같은 성리학자들의 이론 자체에서 발견되는 부정합성의 문제 때문이고, 둘째는 한 성리학자의 이론에 내재된 다면적인 함의 중에서 어떤 측면을 중요하게 보는가하는 문제가 계속 남기 때문이다. 이제 이종기의 성리학적 입장과 관련해서 약간의 평가를 덧붙이고자 한다. 이종기는 기본적으로 李滉의 理氣互發說과 심합리기설의 입장을 성리학 이해의 근간으로 삼고있다. 그렇기 때문에 지나치게 理發ㆍ氣發만을 강조하는 성리학적 입장에 대해서는 회의적이었다. 이러한 입장은 물론 기호학파의 主氣論에 대한 비판이 보다 큰 비중을 차지하지만, 한편으로는 퇴계학파의 주리론이 후대로 내려오면서 점차 리 위주로 모든 것을 해석하려는 경향에 대한 퇴계학파 내부의 자기반성적 태도와도 관련되어 있다. 이러한 측면에서 본다면, 이진상을 중심으로 하는 한주학파가 理優位論을 근간으로 하는 觀念(idea) 위주의 理想主義的입장에서 퇴계학을 계승했다면, 이종기는 상대적으로 氣의 존재론적 위상에 좀 더 주목하여 종래 퇴계학파의 性理思想을 보다 현실적인 입장으로 이동시켜 사상적 균형성을 회복하려는 태도를 견지한 `退溪學의 現實主義的 繼承者`라고 부를 수 있을 것이다. The main object of this article is to look over the Neo-Confucian position of Lee Jong-Gi, a Confucian scholar of Youngnam area in the late nineteenth century. His position on Neo-Confucianism can be figured out through some small articles in his collection of works and his correspondences with Lee Jin-Sang and his disciples and other scholars. In these works, we can see that Lee Jong-Gi had revealed his position to the various Neo-Confucian issues in two large aspects. The first aspect is that by way of taking critical stance on the Neo-Confucian position of Lee I, the representative figure of the school of Giho, he, as a scholar of the school of Toegye, established clearly his stance of thought. The second aspect is related to his position within the school of Toegye. In regard to this point, it is necessary to pay attention to his argument with the school of Hanju represented by Lee Jin-Sang. This article mostly deals with this part, and thereupon meaning and evaluation about Lee Jong-Gi`s Neo-Confucian position can be drawn naturally. First of all, if we look into the theory of li[principle]-ki[material force], both sides basically took the position of the theory of Juli[主理論] which was originated by Chu Hsi and Lee Hwang. However, if we take one step further, we can see that they revealed some differences in many issues. For example, while the school of Hanju(Lee Jin-Sang and his disciples like Heo Yu, Yun Ju-Ha, Kwak Jong-Seok) tried to emphasize the distinction between li and ki by way of revealing more the aspect of Juli, Lee Jong-Gi tried to emphasize the harmony and coexistence of li and ki. In regard to the theory of human mind and nature, the school of Hanju, by advocating the theory that human mind is li[心卽理說], tookdifferent stance against Lee Jong-Gi who held fast to Lee Hwang`s theory of human mind as the integration of li-ki[心合理氣說]. Yet, the difference of both positions is at the same time a kind of structural problem that cannot be dissolved easily. It is due, first, to the disparity discovered from the theory itself of Neo-Confucian scholars such as Chu Hsi, second, to the fact that there still remains a problem that among various immanent implications of a scholar which aspect is to be considered most importantly. At this point, we need to add some evaluation in regard to Lee Jong-Gi`s Neo-Confucian position. Basically he got his root of Neo-Confucian understanding from Lee Hwang`s theory of co-arousal of li-ki[理氣互發說] and theory of human mind as the integration of li-ki. Therefore, he was skeptical to the Neo-Confucian position that had excessive emphasis on the arousal of li[理發] and the arousal of ki. This kind of position as well as the critique of the theory of Juki[主氣論] of the school of Giho has a much greater deal of weight, but in the meanwhile it is related to self-reflective attitude within the school of Toegye against the tendency to interpret everything mostly with regard to li. This tendency had been developed as the theory of Juli of the school of Toegye had been handed down to later generations. From this aspect, we can see that while the school of Hanju led by Lee Jin-Sang had taken over Toegye Studies form the idealistic position centered on idea based on the theory that li is superior, Lee Jong-Gi can be called `a realistic successor of Toegye Studies` who adhered to the position to recover the equilibrium of thought by way of moving the school of Toegye`s traditional Neo-Confucian thought into more realistic position after paying more attention relatively to the ontological location of ki.

한계 이승희의 사상적 특징에 대한 분석

임종진 ( Lim Jong-jin ) 사단법인 퇴계학부산연구원 2019 퇴계학논총 Vol.33 No.-

한계 이승희는 항일독립운동 등과 관련해서 역사적으로 중요한 의미를 가지는 인물이다. 그런 한편으로 그러한 실천과 밀접한 관계를 가지는 그의 사상적 측면이 적절한 조명을 받지 못하는 것은 매우 안타까운 일이다. 그렇게 된 주요한 이유는 한계의 전 생애를 통하여 사상적 근간을 이루는 성리학이 그의 부친이자 스승인 한주 이진상의 절대적인 영향력 아래에 있었기 때문이다. 그렇다고 단순한 답습으로 간주해서 한계사상의 전체적인 면모를 소홀히 보아서는 안 될 것이다. 한계는 주체적인 자세로 부친의 성리학을 수용하였으며, 또한 시대적 상황의 변화에 적극적으로 대처하여 일정한 사상적 특징을 보여주었기 때문이다. 이러한 한계의 사상은 특히 실천과 긴밀한 관계를 가지고 있기 때문에, 그 실천을 제대로 이해하기 위해서도 그의 사상에 대한 충분한 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이와 관련하여 이 글에서는 한계의 사상적 측면을 분석하여 그 특징을 한주 이진상의 주리론 계승, 도학적 보수성의 견지, 사회적 실천의 강조라는 세 갈래로 나누어서 살펴보았다. Lee, Seung-Hee(Hangye) is a person having a significant historical meaning in relation to the independence movement against the Japanese Empire. However, it makes us frustrated that his thought has not been illuminated in regard to such practical activities. It’s been due to the fact that his Neo-Confucian thought as the basis of his thought throughout his whole life had been under the absolute influence of Lee, Jin-Sang(Hanju), his father and teacher at the same time. However, we do not have to neglect the whole aspects of Hangye’s thought by way of regarding his thought as a simple following of his father Hanju’s. Hangye had accepted his father’s Neo-Confucian thought with subjective attitude, and shown special features of his own thought dealing actively with the situational changes of his times. Thus, because Hangye’s thought had close relationship with his practical activities, in order to rightly understand his activities it is necessary to make a through investigation into his thought. For this, in this study analyzing Hangye’s thought, we examined three distinctive features of his: his succession of Lee, Jin-Sang(Hanju)’s Joori theory, his adherence to Neo-confucian conservativeness, and his emphasis on social practice.

Improved Micropropagation of Root Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus.

Lim,Jung-Dae,Yang,Deok-Chun,Lee,Hyeon-Yong,Kim,Jong-Dai,Lee,Jin-Ha,Sung,Eun-Soo,Yu Chang-Yeon 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L^-1 and 0.1 mg NAA L^-1. Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.

Differential Manifestation of Ocular Phenotypes in TALEN-mediated p19arf Knockout FVB/N and C57BL/6J mouse lines

Jin‑Sung Park,Joo‑Il Kim,Hyun‑Jin Lim,Soo‑Kyung Ryu,Euna Kwon,Kang‑Min Han,Ki‑Taek Nam,Han‑Woong Lee,Byeong‑Cheol Kang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background p19arf, primarily known as a tumor suppressor, has also been reported to play an essential role in normal development of mouse eyes. Consistently, lack of p19arf has been associated with ocular defects, but the mixed background of the knockout (KO) mouse strain used raised a concern on the accuracy of the phenotypes observed in association with the targeted gene due to genetic heterogeneity. Object We carried out a study to investigate into the efect of genetic background on the manifestation of p19arf KO associated phenotypes. Methods We characterized the phenotypes of novel p19arf KO mouse lines generated in FVB/N and C57BL/6J using a transcription activator-like efector nuclease (TALEN) system in comparison to the reported phenotypes of three other p19arf-defcient mouse lines generated using homologous recombination. Results Ninety-fve percent of FVB/N-p19arf KO mice showed ocular opacity from week 4 after birth which worsened rapidly until week 6, while such abnormality was absent in C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mice up to the age of 26 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed retrolental masses and dysplasia in the retinal layer in FVB/N-p19arf KO mice from week 4. Besides these, both strains developed normally from birth to week 26 without increased tumorigenesis except for a subcutaneous tumor found in a C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mouse. Conclusion Our fndings demonstrated surprisingly variable manifestation of p19arf-linked phenotypes between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice, and furthermore between our mouse lines and the established lines, indicating a critical impact of genetic background on functional study of genes using gene targeting strategies in mice.

임진의 [Two Movements for Orchestra]에 관한 분석 연구

임진 新음악학회 2004 新음악논집 Vol.4 No.-

This work was composed based on Korean traditional music. Eb 3 eum Kyemyeonjo (Eb - Ab - Bb) and C pŏngjo (C-D-F-G-A) out of normal scales in Korean traditional music are the main tones. This work has been written by transposition of the notes of trichord and C septachord, and constituted with 8-tone structure and nonachord structure transported by pentachord organization scale and octachord structure and nonachord structure. Two Movements for Orchestra is constituted by different musical ideas. While the first movement was divided into 4 meaningful parts, spring, summer, autumn and winter, in order to put the 4 natural phenomena of human life on the same line, the second movement was grounded on the changgo rhythms of Sujecheon, which is the representative masterwork of Korean music positively illustrating the irresistible natural flow, birth, aging, sickness, and death. This work contains 3 parts portraying the unchangeable phenomenon of birth, aging, sickness and death harmonized in a round form by irregular combinations of Korean rhythmic patterns. It is true that this work has been composed by notes extracted from Korean traditional music. However, it at no time followed only the pitch of Korean tones but concentrated on presenting Korean colors, even though it is performed with western instruments.

Effect of Photoperiod, Temperature and True-leaf Stage in Bolting Rate of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus)

Lim,Jung-Dae,Seo,Jeong-Sik,Lee,Hyeon-Yong,Kim,Jong-Dai,Lee,Jin-Ha,Yu,Chang-Yeon 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus) is potential alternative medicinal and sugar crop which accumulates a high amount of linear polyfructan, inulin in its roots. A problem in root production is that over-wintered stock plants often flower. Once the plant becomes reproductive, stem elongation and root growth slows and floral buds arise from every node, rendering the plants useless for propagation. The objectives of this research was to examine the effectiveness of manipulating environmental factors containing photoperiod, temperature and number of leaf states. The experiment was performed in growth chamber to create two photoperiods (8 h, and 16 h) with three temperature regimes (5℃/3℃, 10℃/8℃, and 15℃/13℃ day/night temperature) for a total of six treatments on three type of true-leaf stage of plant. Data of bolting rate, shoot and root length, shoot and fresh weight was invetigated in each treatments. This is the first report on changes in bolting rate and shoots and roots production during a whole growing season and differences in the effect of cold and photoperiod treatment depending on the true-leaf stage of plant.

The LIM-only transcription factor LMO2 determines tumorigenic and angiogenic traits in glioma stem cells

Kim, S-H,Kim, E-J,Hitomi, M,Oh, S-Y,Jin, X,Jeon, H-M,Beck, S,Jin, X,Kim, J-K,Park, C G,Chang, S-Y,Yin, J,Kim, T,Jeon, Y-j,Song, J,Lim, Y C,Lathia, J D,Nakano, I,Kim, H Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION Vol.22 No.9

Glioblastomas (GBMs) maintain their cellular heterogeneity with glioma stem cells (GSCs) producing a variety of tumor cell types. Here we interrogated the oncogenic roles of Lim domain only 2 (LMO2) in GBM and GSCs in mice and human. High expression of LMO2 was found in human patient-derived GSCs compared with the differentiated progeny cells. LMO2 is required for GSC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, as shRNA-mediated LMO2 silencing attenuated tumor growth derived from human GSCs. Further, LMO2 is sufficient to induce stem cell characteristics (stemness) in mouse premalignant astrocytes, as forced LMO2 expression facilitated in vitro and in vivo growth of astrocytes derived from Ink4a/Arf null mice and acquisition of GSC phenotypes. A subset of mouse and human GSCs converted into vascular endothelial-like tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, which phenotype was attenuated by LMO2 silencing and promoted by LMO2 overexpression. Mechanistically, the action of LMO2 for induction of glioma stemness is mediated by transcriptional regulation of Jagged1 resulting in activation of the Notch pathway, whereas LMO2 directly occupies the promoter regions of the VE-cadherin gene for a gain of endothelial cellular phenotype. Subsequently, selective ablation of human GSC-derived VE-cadherin-expressing cells attenuated vascular formation in mouse intracranial tumors, thereby significantly prolonging mouse survival. Clinically, LMO2 expression was elevated in GBM tissues and inversely correlated with prognosis of GBM patients. Taken together, our findings describe novel dual roles of LMO2 to induce tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, and provide potential therapeutic targets in GBMs.

쇼핑센터의 전력부문 온실가스 저감에 관한 연구

정진도(Jin-Do Chung),김장우(Jang Woo Kim),임헌천(Heon Cheon Lim),임수영(Soo Young Lim) 한국열환경공학회 2009 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2009 No.추계

급성 골수성 백혈병 환자에서 관해 유도 항암 화학요법 후 발생한 베르니케 뇌증

황진원,정재현,서광원,최병진,송영진,김종윤,이은지,임홍규,이상민 인제대학교 2009 仁濟醫學 Vol.30 No.-

Wernicke's encephalopathy is characterized by the triad of ocular symptoms, ataxia, and mental confusion and neuropsychiatric condition generally caused by acute thiamine deficiency. Although it is common in the severe alcoholics, several other causes also have been identified, such as total parenteral nutrition (TPN) use, hyperemesis gravidarum, anorexia nervosa, hemodialysis, uremia, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS). Chemotherapy in patient with malignanacy and long term total parenteral nutrition following bone marrow transplantation are related with Wernicke's encephalopathy. A 48-year-old woman had been treated with Daunorubicin and Cytarabine for remission induction chemotherapy of acute myeloblastic leukemia and intravenous hyperalimentation due to persistent hematochezia and ileus caused by infiltration of leukemic cell in terminal ileum. She suddenly complained of diplopia, tremor, and mental confusion at 32th day after chemotherapy and generalized tonic-clonic seizure at 34th day after chemotherapy. The diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy was made with clinical presentations and brain MRI. Brain MR T2-weighted & Flair image revealed a high signal intensity lesions bilaterally at the medial thalamus and peri-acueductal grey matter of the midbrain. The patient was successfully treated with vitamin B1. We presented a case of acute Wernicke's encephalopathy developed after remission induction chemotherapy followed by intravenous hyperalirnentation in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.