Effects of Potato By-products Containing Glycoalkaloid on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics

Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta,이혁준,주영호,이성신,강동훈,정기용,김삼철 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 농업생명과학연구 Vol.54 No.4

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed types (powder vs. pellet) from potato by-product containing glycoalkaloid on rumen fermentation with different rumen pH (low vs. high) using in vitro technique. Rumen fluid was collected from two cannulated Hanwoo heifers before morning feeding (high rumen pH at 6.71) and 3 h after feeding (low rumen pH at 6.20). A 0.5 gram of powder or pellet from potato by-product was incubated in the rumen buffer for 48 h at 39℃. Four replications for each treatment were used along with two blanks. Pellet had higher (p<0.05) the immediately degradable fraction, the fractional degradation rate, and the lag phase than those of powder. However, feed type had no effects on the potentially degradable fraction and the total degradable fraction. In fermentation characteristics, powder had higher (p<0.05) concentrations of ammonia-N, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and acetate than those of pellet. In addition, a high rumen pH had higher (p<0.05) concentrations of ammonia-N and acetate, but lower (p<0.05) total VFA concentration than those of a low rumen pH. The interaction effects between feed type and rumen pH were found on the total degradable fraction and concentrations of ammonia-N, total VFA, and acetate. The present study concluded that generally feed type had no effects on rumen degradation kinetics, but potato by-product in the powder form is recommended due to produce higher fermentation characteristics than in the pellet form.

혼합 생균제 급여가 거세한우의 성장, 혈액성상 및 육질에 미치는 영향

( Dimas H. V. Paradhipta ),전충환 ( Chung-hwan Jeon ),최인학 ( In-hag Choi ),이혁준 ( Hyuk-jun Lee ),주영호 ( Young-ho Joo ),이성신 ( Sung-shin Lee ),김동현 ( Dong-hyeon Kim ),김삼철 ( Sam-churl Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.8

In this study, the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, and meat quality of Hanwoo steer was investigated. A total of 32 Hanwoo steers (15-17 months, average body weight 462±37.9 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% mixed probiotics), with four Hanwoo steers per pen (two replicates per treatments), and reared for 12 months. There were no differences among treatments in growth performance of Hanwoo steer (P>0.05); however, feed intake decreased linearly with increasing levels of mixed probiotics. Growth hormone and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels responded linearly with increasing levels of dietary mixed probiotics (P<0.05), but not insulin and blood glucose did not. In particular, total cholesterol was significantly lower for the 1% mixed probiotic treatment in comparison with that of the other treatments (P<0.05). The pH, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), cooking loss, and meat color were influenced by increasing levels of mixed probiotics (P<0.05), but the carcass characteristics and shear force were not. Regarding sensory evaluation, the addition of mixed probiotics resulted in significant difference in meat color, tenderness, aroma, off-flavor, juiciness, and marbling score, but not in overall acceptability. In addition, fatty acid profiles indicated no differences between control and mixed probiotic treatments. In conclusion, mixed probiotic treatment at 1% levels can enhance consumer preferences possibly by reducing cholesterol and TBARS.

Antifungal and carboxylesterase-producing bacteria applied into corn silage still affected the fermented total mixed ration

Paradhipta Dimas Hand Vidya,Seo Myeong Ji,Jeong Seung Min,주영호,Lee Seong Shin,Seong Pil-Nam,이혁준,김삼철 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.5

Objective: This study investigated the effects of corn silage as a source of microbial inoculant containing antifungal and carboxylesterase-producing bacteria on fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutrient digestibility of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) with different energy levels. Methods: Corn silage was used as a bacterial source by ensiling for 72 d with an inoculant mixture of Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and L. buchneri 6M1 at a 1:1 ratio. The corn silage without or with inoculant (CON vs MIX) was mixed with the other ingredients to formulate for low and high energy diets (LOW vs HIGH) for Hanwoo steers. All diets were ensiled into 20 L mini silo (5 kg) for 40 d in quadruplicate. Results: The MIX diets had lower (p<0.05) acid detergent fiber with higher (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber compared to the CON diets. In terms of fermentation characteristics, the MIX diets had higher (p<0.05) acetate than the CON diets. The MIX diets had extended (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria growth at 4 to 7 d of aerobic exposure and showed lower (p<0.05) yeast growth at 7 d of aerobic exposure than the CON diets. In terms of rumen fermentation, the MIX diets had higher (p<0.05) total fermentable fraction and total volatile fatty acid, with lower (p<0.05) pH than those of CON diets. The interaction (p = 0.036) between inoculant and diet level was only found in the immediately fermentable fraction, which inoculant was only effective on LOW diets. Conclusion: Application of corn silage with inoculant on FTMR presented an antifungal effect by inhibiting yeast at aerobic exposure and a carboxylesterase effect by improving nutrient digestibility. It also indicated that fermented feedstuffs could be used as microbial source for FTMR. Generally, the interaction between inoculant and diet level had less effect on this FTMR study.

Effects of wild or mutated inoculants on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices

Paradhipta, Dimas Hand Vidya,Joo, Young Ho,Lee, Hyuk Jun,Lee, Seong Shin,Kwak, Youn Sig,Han, Ouk Kyu,Kim, Dong Hyeon,Kim, Sam Churl Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.6

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of new inoculants producing-antifungal or esterase substances on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices by comparing wild with mutated types. Methods: Rye harvested at dough stage was ensiled into 3 L mini bucket silo (1 kg) for 90 d in triplicate following: distilled water at 20 μL/g (CON); Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 (AT) and its inactivation of antifungal genes (AT-m) at 1.2×10⁵ cfu/g, respectively; and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 (FD) and its inactivation of esterase genes (FD-est) at 1.0×10⁵ cfu/g, respectively. After silo opened, silage was sub-sampled for the analysis of ensiling quality and its rumen fermentation indices. Results: Among the wild type inoculants (CON vs AT vs FD), FD inoculant had higher (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in rumen, while AT inoculant had higher (p<0.05) lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria in silage. Silage pH and the potentially degradable fraction in rumen increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of antifungal activity (AT vs AT-m), but lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria of silage decreased (p<0.05). In silage, acetate increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of esterase activity (FD vs FD-est) with decreases (p<0.05) of pH, ammonia-N, lactate, and yeast. Moreover, inactivation of esterase activity clearly decreased (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen. Conclusion: This study concluded that FD inoculant confirmed esterase activity on rye silage harvested at dough stage, while AT inoculant could not be confirmed with antifungal activity due to the absence of mold in all silages.

Temperature and microbial changes of corn silage during aerobic exposure

이성신,이혁준,Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta,주영호,김상범,김동현,김삼철 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.7

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the temperature and microbial changes of corn silages during aerobic exposure. Methods: Kwangpyeongok (KW) and Pioneer 1543 (PI) corn hybrids were harvested at 29.7% of dry matter and chopped to 3 to 5 cm lengths. Homo (Lactobacillus plantarum; LP) or hetero (Lactobacillus buchneri; LB) fermentative inoculants at 1.2×105 colony forming unit/g of fresh forage was applied to the chopped corn forage which was then ensiled in quadruplicate with a 2×2 (hybrid×inoculant) treatment arrangement for 100 days. After the silo was opened, silage was sub-sampled for analysis of chemical compositions, in vitro digestibility, and fermentation indices. The fresh silage was continued to determine aerobic exposure qualities by recorded temperature and microbial changes. Results: The KW silages had higher (p<0.01) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber than those of PI silages. Silages applied with LB had higher (p<0.001) acetate concentration, but lower (p<0.01) lactate concentration and lactate to acetate ratio than those of LP silages. The interaction effect among hybrid and inoculant was detected in acetate production (p = 0.008), aerobic stability (p = 0.006), and lactic acid bacteria count (p = 0.048). The yeast was lower (p = 0.018) in LB silages than that in LP silages. During the aerobic exposure, PI silages showed higher (p<0.05) temperature and mold than KW silages, while LP silages had higher (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria and yeast than LB silages. Conclusion: The results indicated that the changes of silage temperature during aerobic exposure seems mainly affected by mold growth, while applied LB only enhanced aerobic stability of PI silages.

베일러 챔버의 압력과 이탈리안 라이그라스의 수분함량이 원형베일 사일리지 품질에 미치는 영향

민창우,칸인앰,노현탁,Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta,주영호,김동언,허우영,이병현 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 농업생명과학연구 Vol.54 No.5

The objectives of the present study is to evaluate the effect of baler chamber pressure and moisture concentration of Italian ryegrass on the quality of round bale silage. Italian ryegrass was wilted for 1 (High-moisture), 2 (Medium-moisture), and 4 days (Low-moisture). And then, all forages were ensiled for 60 days into round bale silo with different levels of baler chamber pressure at 115, 130, and 145 bar, respectively. Bale weights at fresh and dry were higher in high-moisture and low-moisture forages, respectively. Although there were no significant differences among the baler chamber pressure on fresh weight, their dry weights were increased. Baler chamber pressure and moisture concentration did not affect NDF, ADF, CF and CP of silage. However, the relative feed value (RFV) was highest in High-moisture bale silage with low baler chamber pressure. Lactic acid concentration was highest in High-moisture bale silage with high baler chamber pressure, but lowest in Low-moisture bale silage with medium baler chamber pressure. Butyric acid concentration was not affected by the baler chamber pressure, but decreased by increase of the pre-wilting day. Silage pH was lower in High-moisture than in Medium and Low-moistrue, but it was not affected by the baler chamber pressure. These results indicated that the moisture concentration of forage and baler chamber pressure are one of the major factors affecting on fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass round bale silage. 본 연구는 이탈리안 라이그라스 원형베일 사일리지 조제에 있어서 원료작물의 수분함량과 베일러 챔버의 압력에 따른 사일리지의 사료가치와발효품질의 변화를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 수확 후 1일(고수분), 2일(중수분) 및 4일간(저수분) 각각 예건하여 서로 다른 수분함량의 이탈리안라이그라스를 베일러 챔버 압력이 115, 130 및 145 bar로 설정된 베일러로 원형베일 사일리지를 조제하여 60일간 저장하였다. 베일 사일리지의무게는 고수분 처리구에서 높게 나타났고, 건물중은 저수분 처리구가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 베일러 압력에 따른 사일리지의 무게는 유의적인차이는 없었으나, 압력이 증가할수록 건물중은 증가하였다. 수분함량과 베일러 압력에 따른 사일리지의 NDF, ADF, CP 및 CF는 처리 간에 유의적인차이가 없었으며, RFV (relative feed value)는 고수분 저압력 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. Lactic acid는 고수분-고압력 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 저수분-중압력 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타내었다. Butyric acid는 베일러 압력에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 예건기간이 길어질수록 감소하였다. 사일리지 pH는 고수분 처리구가 중수분과 저수분 처리구에 비해 낮게 나타났으나, 베일러 압력에 따른 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 이탈리안 라이그라스 원형베일 사일리지 조제 시 조사료의 수분함량과 베일러 챔버의 압력이 사일리지의 발효품질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인임을 나타내는 것이다.

Effect of Selected Inoculant Applications on Chemical Compositions and Fermentation Characteristics of High Moisture Rye Silage

이성신,정승민,서명지,주영호,Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta,성필남,김삼철 한국초지조사료학회 2022 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the quality of high moisture rye silage. Rye forage (Secale cereale L.) was harvested at the heading stage (27.3% of dry matter (DM)) and cut into approximately 3-5 cm lengths. Then, the forage divided into 4 treatments with different inoculants: 1) No additives (CON); 2) Lactobacillus brevis strain 100D8 at a 1.2 x 105 colony-forming unit (cfu)/g of fresh forage (LBR); 3) Leuconostoc holzapfelii strain 5H4 at a 1.0 x 105 cfu/g of fresh forage (LHO); and 4) Mixture of LBR and LHO (1:1 ratio) applied at a 1.0 x 105 cfu/g of fresh forage (MIX). About 3 kg of forage from each treatment was ensiled into a 20 L mini-bucket silo in quadruplicate for 100 days. After silo opening, silage was collected for analyses of chemical compositions, in vitro nutrient digestibilities, fermentation characteristics, and microbial enumerations. The CON silage had the highest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p = 0.006; p = 0.008) and a lowest in vitro DM digestibility (p < 0.001). The pH was highest in CON silage, while lowest in LBR and MIX silages (p < 0.001). The concentrations of ammonia-N, lactate, and acetate were highest in LBR silage (p = 0.008; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Propionate and butyrate concentrations were highest in CON silage (p = 0.004; p < 0.001). The LAB and yeast counts were higher in CON and LHO silages compare to LBR and MIX silages (p < 0.001). However, the mold did not detect in all treatments. Therefore, this study could conclude that L. brevis 100D8 and Leu. holzapfelii strain 5H4 can improve the digestibility and anti-fungal activity of high moisture rye silage.

Application of lactic acid bacteria producing antifungal substance and carboxylesterase on whole crop rice silage with different dry matter

Lee Seong Shin,PARADHIPTA DIMAS HAND VIDYA,이혁준,주영호,Noh Hyeon Tak,최정석,Ji Keum Bae,김삼철 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.6

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate effects of antifungal substance and carboxylesterase-producing inoculant on fermentation indices and rumen degradation kinetics of whole crop rice (WCR) silage ensiled at different dry matter (DM) contents. Methods: Dual-purpose inoculants, Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and Lactobacillus buchneri 6M1, confirmed both activities of antifungal and carboxylesterase in the previous study. The WCR at mature stage was chopped, and then wilted to obtain three different DM contents consisting of 35.4%, 43.6%, and 51.5%. All WCR forages were applied distilled water (CON) or mixed inoculants with 1:1 ratio at 1×105 colony forming unit/g (INO), and ensiled into 20 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplicates for 108 d. Results: The INO silages had lower lactate (p<0.001) and butyrate (p = 0.022) with higher acetate (p<0.001) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silages. Ammonia-N (p<0.001), lactate (tendency; p = 0.068), acetate (p = 0.030), and butyrate (p<0.001) concentrations of INO silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. The INO silages presented higher lactic acid bacteria (p<0.001) with lower molds (p< 0.001) than those of CON silages. Yeasts (p = 0.042) and molds (p = 0.046) of WCR silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. In the rumen, INO silages had higher the total degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (tendency; p = 0.097), and acetate (p = 0.007), but lower the fractional degradation rate (p = 0.011) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silage. The total degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (p = 0.001), iso-butyrate (p = 0.036), and valerate (p = 0.008) decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage, while the lag phase (p<0.001) was increased linearly. Conclusion: This study concluded that application of dual-purpose inoculants on WCR silage confirmed antifungal and carboxylesterase activities by inhibiting mold and improving rumen digestibility, while increase of wilting times decreased organic acids production and rumen digestibility. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate effects of antifungal substance and carboxylesterase-producing inoculant on fermentation indices and rumen degradation kinetics of whole crop rice (WCR) silage ensiled at different dry matter (DM) contents.Methods: Dual-purpose inoculants, Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i> 6M1, confirmed both activities of antifungal and carboxylesterase in the previous study. The WCR at mature stage was chopped, and then wilted to obtain three different DM contents consisting of 35.4%, 43.6%, and 51.5%. All WCR forages were applied distilled water (CON) or mixed inoculants with 1:1 ratio at 1×10⁵ colony forming unit/g (INO), and ensiled into 20 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplicates for 108 d.Results: The INO silages had lower lactate (p<0.001) and butyrate (p = 0.022) with higher acetate (p<0.001) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silages. Ammonia-N (p<0.001), lactate (tendency; p = 0.068), acetate (p = 0.030), and butyrate (p<0.001) concentrations of INO silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. The INO silages presented higher lactic acid bacteria (p<0.001) with lower molds (p< 0.001) than those of CON silages. Yeasts (p = 0.042) and molds (p = 0.046) of WCR silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. In the rumen, INO silages had higher the total degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (tendency; p = 0.097), and acetate (p = 0.007), but lower the fractional degradation rate (p = 0.011) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silage. The total degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (p = 0.001), iso-butyrate (p = 0.036), and valerate (p = 0.008) decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage, while the lag phase (p<0.001) was increased linearly.Conclusion: This study concluded that application of dual-purpose inoculants on WCR silage confirmed antifungal and carboxylesterase activities by inhibiting mold and improving rumen digestibility, while increase of wilting times decreased organic acids production and rumen digestibility.

Effects of Rumen pH on Degradation Kinetics and Fermentation Indices of Corn Silage Ensiled with Antifungal and Carboxylesterase Producing Inoculants

Chang, Hong Hee,Paradhipta, Dimas Hand Vidya,Lee, Seong Shin,Lee, Hyuk Jun,Joo, Young Ho,Min, Hyeong Gyu,Kim, Sam Churl The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.3

The present study investigated effects of antifungal and carboxylesterase inoculant on rumen fermentation with different rumen pH. Corn silage was treated without inoculant (CON) and with a mixed Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and L. buchneri 6M1 (MIX). Rumen fluid was collected from two cannulated Hanwoo heifers before morning feeding (high rumen pH at 6.70) and 3 h after feeding (low rumen pH at 6.20). Dried corn silage was incubated in the rumen buffer (rumen fluid + anaerobic culture medium at 1:2 ratio) for 48 h at 39℃. Eight replications for each treatment were used along with two blanks. Both in a high and a low rumen pH, MIX silages presented higher (p<0.05) the immediately degradable fraction, the potentially degradable fraction, total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) than those of CON silages. Incubated corn silages in a low rumen pH presented lower (p<0.05) total degradable fraction, ammonia-N, total VFA (p=0.061), and other VFA profiles except acetate and propionate, than those in a high rumen pH. The present study concluded that application of antifungal and carboxylesterase inoculant on corn silage could improve degradation kinetics and fermentation indices in the rumen with high and low pH conditions.

Effects of Hybrid and Inoculant on Rumen Digestibility and Fermentation Indices of Corn Silage

Seong Shin Lee,Paradhipta H. V. Dimas,Young Ho Joo,Hyuk Jun Lee,Dong Hyeon Kim,Sang Bum Kim,김삼철 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.53 No.1

This study was aimed to determine the effects of hybrid and inoculant on in vitro rumendigestibility and rumen fermentation indices of corn silage. Two corn hybrids(Kwangpyeongok(KW) vs. Pioneer 1543(PI)) were ensiled for 100 days with two inoculants(L. plantarum(LP) vs. L. buchneri(LB)) applied at 1.2 × 105 cfu/g of fresh forage. Silages were incubated in rumenfluid medium at 39oC for 72 hours. Both of KW and PI had no difference(p>0.05) on in vitrodigestibility of dry matter(IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber(IVNDFD), while application ofLB produced higher(p<0.05) IVDMD and IVNDFD than LP. Hybrid and inoculant applicationsdid not affect(p>0.05) total gas volume, ammonia-N, total VFA, and acetate concentrations inthe rumen. Applied LB was higher(p<0.05) propionate concentration than LP, while hybrids hadno effect(p>0.05). Furthermore, the interaction effect(p<0.05) was occurred in propionateconcentration. Butyrate concentration did not affected(p>0.05) by hybrid and inoculantapplications, but there was an interaction effect between hybrid and inoculant(p<0.05). Applications of hybrid and inoculant had effects(p<0.05) on iso-butyrate and valerate, withoutany interaction effects(p>0.05). This study concluded that application of KW and PI has noeffects on in vitro rumen digestibility and rumen fermentation indices of corn silage, whileapplication of LB increase the rumen digestibility in both of corn hybrids.