Monosiphonous growth and cell-death in an unusual Bostrychia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): B. anomala sp. nov.

John A. west,Susan Loiseaux de Goër,Giuseppe C. Zuccarello 한국조류학회I 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.2

A morphologically distinct lineage within the Bostrychia moritziana-B. radicans species complex is described as a new species. Bostrychia anomala has thalli with branched monosiphonous filaments with apical cell divisions. The species has terminal tetrasporangial stichidia, each subtending cell bearing tetrasporangia with 2 cover cells. Discharged spores divide transversely, the lower cell first forming a narrow rhizoid and the upper cell forming a monosiphonous shoot. Females have subterminal procarps and males have terminal spermatangial stichidia. Carposporophytes are spherical. Isolates in culture show a pattern of cell death not associated with injury, reminiscent of programmed cell death. Bostrychia anomola shows cell death at intervals along the filaments resulting in division of adjacent cells on either side of the dead cell re-joining the filament; cell division of only one adjacent cell resulting in branching at that site; or filaments fragmenting at the cell death point with adjacent cells forming new apical cells, a means of thallus propagation. The cell death pattern could be a method of filament propagation in the mangrove environment where sexual reproduction is rare.

Monosiphonous growth and cell-death in an unusual Bostrychia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): B. anomala sp. nov.

West, John A.,Loiseaux de Goer, Susan,Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.2

A morphologically distinct lineage within the Bostrychia moritziana-B. radicans species complex is described as a new species. Bostrychia anomala has thalli with branched monosiphonous filaments with apical cell divisions. The species has terminal tetrasporangial stichidia, each subtending cell bearing tetrasporangia with 2 cover cells. Discharged spores divide transversely, the lower cell first forming a narrow rhizoid and the upper cell forming a monosiphonous shoot. Females have subterminal procarps and males have terminal spermatangial stichidia. Carposporophytes are spherical. Isolates in culture show a pattern of cell death not associated with injury, reminiscent of programmed cell death. Bostrychia anomola shows cell death at intervals along the filaments resulting in division of adjacent cells on either side of the dead cell re-joining the filament; cell division of only one adjacent cell resulting in branching at that site; or filaments fragmenting at the cell death point with adjacent cells forming new apical cells, a means of thallus propagation. The cell death pattern could be a method of filament propagation in the mangrove environment where sexual reproduction is rare.

Vegetable Peptones의 세포증식 및 콜라겐생성 촉진효과

정은선 ( Eun Sun Jung ),이종성 ( Jong Sung Lee ),이지현 ( Jienny Lee ),허성란 ( Sung Ran Huh ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),황왕택 ( Wang Taek Hwang ),박덕훈 ( Deok Hoon Park ) 대한화장품학회 2009 대한화장품학회지 Vol.35 No.1

피부노화의 주요 원인으로는 타입 I 콜라겐 생합성 저하 및 피부 진피세포의 증식 활성 감소를 들 수 있다 효과적으로 피부노화를 관리하기 위해서는 안전하면서도 효능이 우수한 소재를 찾는 것이 필요하다 이를 위해 본 연구진은 항노화소재를 스크리닝하였고 완두콩과 밀 펩톤이 성체줄기세포의 세포증식을 증가시키는 효능을 관찰하였다 완두콩과 밀 펩톤을 포함하는 식물성 펩톤은 다양한 크기의 펩타이드와 아미노산을 함유하고 있어 세포배양 시 첨가해 주면 영양공급원이나 growth factor로 세포 성장과 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다 본 연구에서는 인간 진피섬유아세포를 이용하여 완두콩과 밀 펩톤이 세포증식 및 콜라겐합성에 미치는 영향과 이들의 작용기전을 규명하고자 하였다 세포증식 실험에서 완두콩과 밀 펩톤은 유의성 있게 농도 의존적으로 세포증식을 유도하였다 또한 인간 COL1A2 프로모터 루시퍼라아제와 타입 I 프로콜라겐 생합성 실험에서 완두콩 및 밀 펩톤이 COL1A2 프로모터의 활성화를 통해 타입 프로콜라겐 생합성을 촉진시키고 있음을 확인하였다 TGF-β1 루시퍼라아제 리포터 실험과 TGF-β1 ELISA 실험에서는 완두콩 및 밀 펩톤이 TGF-β1 유전자의 발현을 촉진한다는 사실을 관찰하였고 이러한 결과를 통해 완두콩 및 밀 펩톤의 콜라겐 생합성 촉진 기전이 TGF-β신호와 관련이 있음을 제시하였다 즉 완두콩 및 밀 펩톤은 TGF-β1의 발현촉진을 통해 콜라겐 생합성을 유도함을 유추할 수 있다 완두콩과 밀 펩톤을 포함한 로션을 인체피부에 주 동안 도포하여 피부자극을 관찰한 결과 어떠한 부작용도 관찰되지 않았다 이러한 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 완두콩 및 밀펩톤이 피부자극이 없으며 피부주름을 개선시킬 수 있는 소재로 사용가능할 것으로 기대된다 Skin aging appears to be principally attributed to a decrease in both levels of Type I collagen and regeneration ability of dermal fibroblasts. It is important to introduce an efficient and safe agent for effective management of skin aging. To this end, we performed screening for anti-ageing agents and then found that vegetable peptones (pea and wheat) promoted cell proliferation of adult stem cells. Vegetable peptones may be considered as useful medium additives because it can supply nutrients, peptides, amino acids or growth factor analogues. This study was designed to investigate effects of vegetable peptones on cell proliferation/collagen production and their possible mechanisms in human dermal fibroblasts. In cell proliferation assay, vegetable peptones significantly promoted cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, human COL1A2 promoter luciferase and type I procollagen synthesis assays showed that vegetable peptones induce type I procollagen production through the activation of COL1A2 promoter. In both TGF- / β1 luciferase reporter and ELISA assays, vegetable peptones was found to induce TGF- β1 production, suggesting that vegetable peptones induce type I procollagen production through the activation of TGF- β1. When applied topically in a human skin twice a day for an 4-week period of time, vegetable peptones did not induce any adverse reactions. Therefore, based on these results, we suggest the possibility that vegetable peptones may be considered as an attractive, wrinkle-reducing candidate for topical application.

Filtration과 Integrated Cell Culture/Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR 기법을 이용한 채소류에서 Human Rotavirus 신속 검출

현지연,천정환,송광영,황인균,곽효선,이정수,김무상,이중복,서건호,Hyeon, Ji-Yeon,Chon, Jung-Whan,Song, Kwang-Young,Hwang, In-Gyun,Kwak, Hyo-Sun,Lee, Jung-Soo,Kim, Moo-Sang,Lee, Jung-Bok,Seo, Kun-Ho 한국미생물학회 2011 미생물학회지 Vol.47 No.2

본 연구는 human rotavirus (HRV)의 검출법을 최적화하기 위해 real-time RT-PCR과 세포 배양법을 이용하여 여러 가지 탈리 농축법을 비교 및 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 채소류 중 배추, 상추, 깻잎을 선정하여 바이러스 희석액을 접종하고 탈리액 비교를 위하여 buffer A (100 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM glycine, 3% beef extract, pH 9.5)와 buffer B (250 mM Threonine, 300 mM NaCl, pH 9.5)를 이용하여 탈리하였고, 농축방법을 비교하기 위하여 PEG (polyethylene glycol) 침전법 또는 filtration [Nanoceram filter$^{(R)}$ (Argonide corporation)]을 이용하여 농축하였다. 또한 바이러스의 감염성 평가를 위하여 MA-104 cell을 배양하여 탈리, 농축 방법을 거쳐 회수된 HRV를 접종하고 1, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168시간 후 세포를 수거하여 real-time RT-PCR을 시행하고 세포병변을 관찰하였다. 탈리 용액은 buffer A가 회수율 29.54%로 buffer B의 18.32%보다 더 뛰어난 탈리효과를 보였으며 농축방법을 비교했을 때 filtration 방법이 회수율 51.89%를 나타내며 PEG 침전법에 비해서 바이러스의 농축에 효과적이었으며 검출 소요시간이나 간단한 과정 면에서 효율적이었다. ICC/real-time RT-PCR을 시행하였을 때 세포병변 72시간 후부터 나타나기 시작했지만 Ct value는 48시간부터 감소하기 시작하여 더 빠른 시간 내에 감염성을 평가할 수 있었다. 따라서, filtration과 integrated/cell culture real-time RT-PCR을 이용하면 기존의 검출방법보다 빠른 시간 내에 바이러스 검출이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare different elution and concentration methods for optimization of human rotavirus (HRV) detection method using real-time RT-PCR and cell culture techniques. The leafy vegetable samples (lettuce, Chinese cabbage) were artificially inoculated with HRV. Viruses were extracted from the vegetables by two different elution buffers, buffer A (100 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM glycine, 3% beef extract, pH 9.5) and buffer B (250 mM Threonine, 300 mM NaCl, pH 9.5), and the extracted viruses were concentrated by filtration and PEG precipitation sequentially. To determine infectivity of the viruses, the viruses recovered from the samples were infected to the MA-104 cells, and integrated cell culture real-time RT-PCR was performed at 1, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h post-infection (p.i.). The elution buffer A was more efficient in extracting the virus from the produce samples tested than the buffer B, 29.54% and 18.32% of recoveries, respectively. The sensitivity of real-time RT-PCR method was markedly improved when the virus was concentrated by the filtration method. When the viruses were eluted and concentrated by buffer A and filtration, respectively, the average recovery rate was approximately 51.89%. When the viruses recovered from samples were infected to MA-104 cell, infectious HRV was detected within 48 h p.i. by ICC/real-time RT-PCR, whereas cytopathic effects were not observed until 72 h p.i. The optimized detection method evaluated in this study could be useful for rapid and reliable detection of HRV in fresh produce products and applied for detection of other food-borne viruses.

압출성형된 무청으로 제조한 야채스프의 면역활성 증강 효과

김이은 ( Yi-eun Kim ),조은지 ( Eun-ji Cho ),전형광 ( Hyeong-kwang Jun ),류기형 ( Gi-hyung Ryu ),성낙윤 ( Nak-yun Sung ),변의홍 ( Eui-hong Byun ) 한국산업식품공학회 2018 산업 식품공학 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 기존의 야채스프(NEVS)와 압출성형 무청을 첨가하여 제조한 야채스프(EVS)의 면역활성 차이에 관하여 알아보기 위하여, 마우스의 골수에서 분리한 미분화 골수세포를 대식세포 및 수지상세포로 각각 분화 시킨 후 EVS와 NEVS를 500 및 1000 μg/mL의 농도로 처리하였을 때, 대식세포 및 수지상세포의 세포 증식능 및 사이토카인(TNF-α, IL-6 및 IL-1β)의 분비능이 EVS처리구에서 더욱더 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 활성화된 탐식 세포의 세포 표면에서 발현되는 CD80과 CD86의 발현과 탐식세포의 항원제시에 밀접한 관련이 있는 주 조직적합성 복합체(MHC class I 및 II)의 발현이 EVS 처리구에서 유의적으로 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 후천면역에서 중요한 역할을 수행 하는 면역 T 세포가 다량으로 분포하는 비장 조직으로부터 유리한 비장세포에 NEVS와 EVS를 처리하여 세포증식능 및 Th1 세포가 분비하는 사이토카인(IFN-γ 및IL-2)의 함량을 비교하였을 때 EVS 처리구에서 사이토카인의 함량이 더욱더 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 NEVS와 EVS를 투여된 마우스의 비장세포로부터 사이토카인(IFN-γ, IL-2 및 TNF-α) 분비능을 측정한 결과 EVS 처리구에서 사이토카인의 분비가 NEVS와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 압출성형 처리된 무청을 첨가하여 제조한 야채스프의 경우 기존의 야채스프에 비교하여 면역활성이 월등히 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. This study was to demonstrate the comparison of immunological activity between vegetable soup made by fresh and extruded radish in in-vitro (bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, and mouse splenocytes) and invivo models. In cell survival tests, extruded radish added to vegetable soup (EVS) and non-extruded radish added to vegetable soup powder (NEVS) were treated with bone-marrow derived macrophages, dendritic cells, and mouse splenocytes, and showed no cytotoxic effect at a dose below 1000 μg/mL. EVS treated cells had greater cell proliferation and cytokine [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-2, interferon (INF)-γ] production when compared to the NEVS treated group. Cell surface marker (CD 80/86, MHC class I/II) expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells was evenly increased in the EVS treated group. In in-vivo study, administration of EVS increased for the CD4 and CD8 T cell population in splenocyte and cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α) but not Th2 type cytokines (IL-4). Therefore, adding the extruded radish is a more effective method for vegetable soup to increase immunological activity against immune cells.

인체암세포증식에 있어 십자화과 채소의 억제효과

이선미,이숙희 한국생명과학회 1997 생명과학회지 Vol.7 No.3

부유세포인 K-562 임체 혈액암세포 및 부착세포인 인체 AGS 위암세포, HT-29 결장암세포 및 MG-63 골육암세포를 이용하여, 10종의 십자회과채소들로부터 추출한 메탄을 추출물의 암세포 성장저해효과를 연구하였다. 모든 십자화과 채소시료는 K-562 인체혈액암세포에 대히 70% 이상의 암세포 증식억제효과를 보였는 데, 특히 브로콜리가 92.9%의 증식억제효과를 나타내 가장 효고가 좋았다. 위암세포인 AGS세포에서는 모든 시료들이 50%이상의 암세포성장 억제효과를 가졌는데, 이 경우 케일, 브로콜리, 냉이가 각각 93.5%, 93.5%, 96.3%의 매우 높은 위암세포의 중식억제효과를 보였다. 또한 사람의 결장암 세포인 HT-29의 경우 양배추, 배추, 케일, 냉이가 각각 82.4%, 72.1%, 79.4%, 95.6$\mid$의 증식억제효과를 보였고, MG-63 골육암세포에 대해서는 케일, 냉이가 각각 79.2%, 88.7%로 가장 높은 저해효과를 보여 일반적으로 십자화과 채소들은 인체암 세포의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났으나 그중 케일과 냉이가 가장 효과가 좋았다. The anticarcingenic effect of methanol extracts from such cruciferous vegetables as cabbage, red cabbage, Korean cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, radish root, leafy radish, rape leaves and shepherd’s purse on the growth of human K-562 leukemia cells, MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, HT-29 colon cancer cells and AGS gastric cancer cells were studied. All of cruciferous vegetables inhibited more than 70% of the growth of K-52 leukemia cells and more than50% fo rhe growth fo AGS gastric cancer cells. Particularly, kale, broccoli and shepherd’s purse showed inhibition rates of 93.5%, 93,5% and 96.3% on the growth of AGS gastric cancer cells, respectively. In case of HT-29 colon cancer cells, the methanol extracts of cabbage, kale and shepherd’purse exhibited 82.4%, 72.15, 79.4% and 95.6% of inhibitory effects, respectively. The cabbage, kale, cauliflower and shepherd’s purse extracts also highly suppressed the proliferation of MG-63 cells. Generally the 10 cruciferous vegetable we studied strongly decreased the growth of various human cancer cells in vitro, however, kale and shepherd’s showed the most effective vegetable among them.

Control of DEMETER DNA demethylase gene transcription in male and female gamete companion cells in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Park, Jin-Sup,Frost, Jennifer M.,Park, Kyunghyuk,Ohr, Hyonhwa,Park, Guen Tae,Kim, Seohyun,Eom, Hyunjoo,Lee, Ilha,Brooks, Janie S.,Fischer, Robert L.,Choi, Yeonhee National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.8

<P>The DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase initiates active DNA demethy-lation via the base-excision repair pathway and is vital for reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. DME-mediated DNA demethylation is preferentially targeted to small, AT-rich, and nucleosome-depleted euchromatic transposable elements, influencing expression of adjacent genes and leading to imprinting in the endosperm. In the female gametophyte, DME expression and subsequent genome-wide DNA demethylation are confined to the companion cell of the egg, the central cell. Here, we show that, in the male gametophyte, DME expression is limited to the companion cell of sperm, the vegetative cell, and to a narrow window of time: immediately after separation of the companion cell lineage from the germline. We define transcriptional regulatory elements of DME using reporter genes, showing that a small region, which surprisingly lies within the DME gene, controls its expression in male and female companion cells. DME expression from this minimal promoter is sufficient to rescue seed abortion and the aberrant DNA methylome associated with the null dme-2 mutation. Within this minimal promoter, we found short, conserved enhancer sequences necessary for the transcriptional activities of DME and combined predicted binding motifs with published transcription factor binding coordinates to produce a list of candidate upstream pathway members in the genetic circuitry controlling DNA demethylation in gamete companion cells. These data show how DNA demethylation is regulated to facilitate endosperm gene imprinting and potential transgenerational epigenetic regulation, without subjecting the germline to potentially deleterious transposable element demethylation.</P>

가막만 와편모조류 시스트와 영양세포의 관련성

박종식,윤양호 한국환경생물학회 2017 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.35 No.4

This study examined the relationship between dinoflagellate cysts and vegetative cells, to a certain extent, by conducting a germination experiment on dinoflagellate cysts collected from a sediment trap and surface sediment. The germination experiment showed that 56.8%, 25 of the 44 species of dinoflagellate cysts seen in the sediment trap, germinated, which confirmed the relationship between cysts and vegetative cells. The germination experiment also found that Votadinium carvum showed different forms of vegetative cells in all three forms of cysts, which required an accurate identification of the species through a genetic analysis. Furthermore, the species known to be the cyst of Cochlodinium polykrikoides was determined to be Cochlodinium sp., and the cysts of C. polykrikoides did not appear. 시스트와 영양세포의 유연성을 파악하기 위해 발아실험 을 실시하였다. 발아실험 결과 총 25종에서 발아가 이루 어져 시스트와 영양세포와의 관계를 확인하였다. 가막만 에서 우점종으로 출현하지만 영양세포로 출현이 제한적인 Protoperidinium americanum이 발아실험 결과 확인되었고, Protoperidinium oblongum의 시스트로 알려진 Votadinium carvum은 발아실험 결과 세 가지 형태의 시스트에서 각 기 다른 영양세포가 출현하여, 유전자 분석 등을 통한 정확 한 종 동정이 요구되었다. 또한 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 의 시스트라고 알려진 종은 발아실험 결과 C. polykrikoides 의 시스트가 아닌 Cochlodinium sp.인 것으로 판명되었고 C. polykrikoides의 시스트는 출현하지 않았다.

Antioxidant Activity and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Raw and Processed Fruits and Vegetables

Hyun-Kyoung Kim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2018 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.7 No.3

In this study we investigated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malus Domestica (apple), Pyrus Communis L. (pear), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Brassica oleracea var. (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), that were obtained from local market. As these are common fruits and vegetables that are widely consumed, we aimed to investigate their beneficial properties especially the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The samples were processed by an indirect heating method and their properties were compared to their raw forms. Based on DPPH and ABTS assay, processed samples showed better antioxidant activity compared to raw samples, and processed pear sample had the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were also investigated in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were assessed by RT-PCR. Processed samples exhibited better inhibition of iNOS, compared to the raw forms. Processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. The samples did not exhibit cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells up to 1mg/ mL as shown in the cell viability assay. Taken together, processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory properties.

유기농 및 일반농 케일 착즙액의 항산화 활성

김종대(Jong-Dai Kim),이옥환(Ok-Hwan Lee),이종석(Jong Seok Lee),박건영(Kun-Young Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.5

채소즙이란 생채소를 마쇄하여 인체가 영양소를 흡수하기 쉬운 상태로 제조된 즙으로 생채소의 영양 섭취 효율을 높일 수 있는 식품이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 재배방법에 따라 생산된 유기농 및 일반농 케일을 착즙하여 다양한 실험을 통하여 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. DPPH radical, NO, O₂<SUP>-</SUP>, ?OH 라디칼 소거능에서 유기농 케일 착즙액은 일반농케일 착즙액보다 더 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. LLC-PK1 세포를 이용하여 산화적 스트레스 개선효과에서 유기농 케일 착즙액은 일반농 케일 착즙액에서보다 NO, O₂<SUP>-</SUP>와 ONOO<SUP>-</SUP>에 의해 유발된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 세포 생존율을 증가시키고, 지질과산화물을 억제시켜 유리라디칼에 대한 보호 효과를 유의적으로 나타내었다. 위의 결과로 보아 유기농 케일 착즙액은 일반농 케일 착즙액보다 산화적 스트레스에 대한 개선효과가 뛰어난 것으로 사료되며 재배방법의 차이에 따라 그 효과도 차이가 있었다. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective and free radical scavenging effects of conventionally and organically cultivated kale juices against oxidative damage in LLC-PK₁ cells. The DPPH, NO, O₂<SUP>-</SUP>, and ·OH radical scavenging activities of organically cultivated kale were higher than those of conventionally cultivated kale juice. Oxidative damage induced by AAPH (2,2"-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), SNP (sodium nitroprusside), pyrogallol, and SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine) led to loss of cell viability and increased lipid peroxidation in LLC-PK1 cells, whereas treatment with vegetable juices, especially organically cultivated kale juices, significantly increased cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). These results suggest that organically cultivated kale juices have protective roles against oxidative stress induced by free radicals.