임상에 따른 계류수의 수질변화에 관한 연구

마호섭 ( Ho Seop Ma ),강원석 ( Won Seok Kang ),강은민 ( Eun Min Kang ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.2

본 연구는 밤나무림, 소나무림 개벌조림지로 이용되고 있는 산지소유역에서 임상별 계류수질의 차이와 변화를 분석하고, 이를 먹는물 수질기준과의 비교를 통하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 세 임분의 계류수 pH는 소나무임분(pH 7.18) >밤나무임분(pH 6.90) >개벌조림지(pH 6.82) 순으로 나타났다. 전기전도도는 개벌조림지 >밤나무임분 >소나무임분의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 양이온은 세 조사구의 계류수 모두 Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 음이온은 밤나무임분과 소나무임분 계류수에서는 SO4(2-), Cl-, NO3-의 순으로 높게 나타났으나, 개벌조림지 계류수에서는 SO4(2-), NO3-, Cl-의 순으로 높게 나타나 차이를 보이고 있다. 세 조사구의 계류수 간에 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 각 임분별 수질의 변화에 대한 다중검정을 실시한 결과 12개 항목 중에서 pH, EC, NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, TNU, Color 9개 항목들은 임분 간에 유의성이 인정되므로 각 임분별 수질의 차이가 나타났다. 특히, 개벌조림지는 식재목 성장을 위한 비료의 시용으로 인하여 밤나무림과 소나무림에 비해 오염지표라 할 수 있는 EC, NO3-, SO4(2-), Cl-, 탁도, 색도 등이 높은 것으로 보아 임지 이용에 따라 수질에 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 각 임분별 계류수의 pH, NH4+, Cl-, SO4(2-), NO3-는 먹는물 기준이하를 나타내어 수질이 비교적 양호한 편으로 나타났으나, 탁도와 색도의 수치는 모든 임분에서 먹는물 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도시주변 산림지역은 토사유출로 인하여 탁수화 및 밤나무 재배지는 시비 등으로 수질오염이 예상되므로 계류수를 식수화하기 위해서는 간이수질정화시설과 같은 적절한 대비책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by type of forest from June to August, 2009 in three stands (Castanea crenata, Pinus densiflora and Plantation Land) of Samgye-ri Naedong-myeon Jinju-si Gyeongsangnam-do. The pH of stream water in three stands was highest in Pinus densiflora (pH 7.18) followed by Castanea crenata (pH 6.90) and Plantation land (pH 6.90) while the electrical conductivity of stream water was highest in Plantation land followed by Castanea crenata stand and Pinus densiflora stand was the lowest. Cations contents of stream water in three stands were high in order of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+ and NH4+. But anions of stream water in Castanea crenata stand and Pinus densiflora stand were high in order of SO4(2-), Cl- and NO3- while those of stream water in Plantation land were high in order of SO4(2-), NO3-. and Cλ-. The stream water in three stands was significant at pH, EC, NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, TNU and Color by duncan test. These results indicate that quality of stream water have a difference among three stands. The level of pH, NH4+, Cl-, SO4(2-) and NO3- of stream water in three stands were within the domestic use standard for drinking water. but turbidity and color of stream water were more than that of domestic use standard for drinking water. Therefore, non-point sources like urban forest watersheds which are soil erosion and fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures if they are to be used as source of drinking water.

도시화에 따른 하천수량 변화 및 영향_경기도 도심하천을 중심으로

노희성,조동호,김연수,안태진 한국습지학회 2017 한국습지학회지 Vol.19 No.4

하천수량은 하천의 수질, 생태환경보전에 있어 가장 근원적이고 기본적인 사항으로 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 목적은 경기도 도심하천의 불투수면적률에 따른 하천수량 변화 원인 및 영향을 분석하여, 경기도 도심하천의 하천수량 확보 방안 및 하천관리 정책에 반영할 있는 자료를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 안양천유역, 탄천유역, 오산천유역을 표본 도심하천으로 선정하고, 불투수면적률(%ISA)에 따른 하천수량 및 수질의 변화와 직․간접적인 하천수 확보방안을 검토하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 안양천유역, 탄천유역, 오산천유역의 불투수면적률은 2014년을 기준으로 약 10년전 보다 각각 5.32%, 6.32%, 7.22% 증가하였으며, 전반적으로 불투수면적률이 증가할수록 유출계수는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 하천 재이용수량은 탄천유역에서 하천수 확보에 긍정적 효과가 나타났지만 안양천유역과 오산천유역은 하천수 확보 효과가 미흡하였다. 그러나 하천 재이용수량으로 인해 각 하천 수질등급이 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. Stream water quantity is the most basic, fundamental and important element for stream water quality and for conservation of ecological environment. This study aims to analyze causes of changes in stream water quantity based on the percentage of impervious surface area (%ISA) in urban streams of Gyeonggi-do, and also to present a method to secure water quantity of urban streams in Gyeonggi-do and data to be applied to River Management Policy. For this purpose, the Anyangcheon watershed, the Tancheon watershed, and the Osancheon watershed were selected as samples of the urban streams. In addition, the stream water quantity and the changes in stream water quality which were based on the amount of ISA, and methods to directly and indirectly secure stream water quantity were investigated. The results are as follows. The amounts of ISA of the Anyangcheon watershed, of the Tancheon watershed, and of the Osancheon watershed showed a 5.32%, 6.32%, and 7.22% increase, respectively, from 2014 which was approximately 10 years ago. The runoff coefficient generally increased as the amount of ISA was increased. Water reuse quantity of stream in the Tanchon watershed had a positive effect on securing stream water quantity, but both in the Anyangcheon watershed and in the Osancheon watershed, it did not have a positive effect on that. However, water reuse quantity of stream improved the water quality of each stream.

섬강 수계에서 하천 형태복잡도와 토지이용, 수질 및 부착규조류 군집 분포와의 관계

황순진 ( Soon Jin Hwang ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.1

This study examined the benthic diatom community distribution, land cover/use and water quality in relation to stream shape complexity (SSC) in the Seom River watershed. SSC showed a significant relation to the riparian land cover/use pattern and also water quality variables of the studied streams. Streams with high stream shape complexity (HSC) appeared to have a high proportion of forest and farmland, while streams having a low stream shape complexity (LSC) appeared to have high proportion of city. Streams with lower SSC showed higher nutrients concentration in the stream waters. Benthic diatom species composition and dominant species appeared to be similar regardless of SSC differences among the studied streams, while the variation of diatom density was manifested with SSC. The relative abundance of dominant benthic diatoms varied with SSC. Saprophilic diatoms were dominant in the streams of LSC, while saproxenic diatoms were dominant in the streams of HSC. During the evaluation of biological water quality using the benthic diatom indices, Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Diatom Assemblage Index to organic water pollution (DAIpo), the streams of LSC generally showed poorer water quality than those of MSC (Middle stream shape complexity) and HSC. In particular, BOD, TP, and PO4-P showed significant relationships with DAIpo. In conclusion, shape complexity of streams in the Seom River watershed showed a close relation with benthic diatom distribution. This relation seemed to primarily be resulted from the effect of proximate factors, such as water quality, which might be affected by the land use types determining the degree of SSC.

섬강 수계에서 하천 형태복잡도와 토지이용, 수질 및 부착규조류 군집 분포와의 관계

민한나,김난영,김미경,이상우,황길순,황순진 한국하천호수학회 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구는 섬강 수계 하천에서 하천의 형태복잡도와 부착규조류 군집 분포와의 관계를 자연지리, 토지이용도, 수리, 수질요인들과의 관계를 통해 분석하였다. 하천의 형태복잡도는 하천의 입지(고도)와 하폭 그리고 주변의 토지이용도와 밀접한 관계를 나타냈으며, 동시에 하천의 수질과도 유의한 관계를 보여주었다. 즉, 형태복잡도가 높 은 하천은 숲과 농경지의 이용도가 높았으며, 반면 형태 복잡도가 낮은 하천에서는 도시 이용도가 높게 나타났다. 한편, 형태복잡도가 높을수록 하천의 영양염의 농도가 낮 은 결과를 나타냈다. 섬강 수계에서 출현한 부착규조는 총 145 분류군(2목 3아목 8과 26속 125종 15변종 2품종 3아종)이 출현하였다. 하천의 형태복잡도 차이에 관계없 하천 형태복잡도와 부착규조류 군집 분포 119 이 부착규조류 군집의 종조성과 우점종의 차이는 크지 않 았으나 밀도와 지표종의 차이는 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 부착 규조류 지표종은 낮은 형태복잡도를 가진 지점들에서 호 오탁성종의 상대밀도가 높았던 반면, 복잡도가 높은 지점 들에서는 호청수성종의 종수와 상대밀도가 더욱 높았다. 부착규조류 생물지수(TDI, DAIpo)를 이용해 생물학적 수 질을 평가한 결과 형태복잡도가 낮은 지점들에서의 수질 이 상대적으로 불량하게 나타났다. 특히, BOD, TP, PO4-P 농도는 DAIpo와 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 결론적으로, 섬강 수계 하천의 형태복잡도는 부착조류 군집의 분포와 밀접한 관계를 보여주었으며, 보다 직접적으로 이들의 관 계는 형태복잡도의 차이를 결정짓는 주변 토지이용의 형 태가 하천수질에 영향을 미쳐 나타난 것으로 이해되었다. This study examined the benthic diatom community distribution, land cover/use and water quality in relation to stream shape complexity (SSC) in the Seom River watershed. SSC showed a significant relation to the riparian land cover/use pattern and also water quality variables of the studied streams. Streams with high stream shape complexity (HSC) appeared to have a high proportion of forest and farmland, while streams having a low stream shape complexity (LSC) appeared to have high proportion of city. Streams with lower SSC showed higher nutrients concentration in the stream waters. Benthic diatom species composition and dominant species appeared to be similar regardless of SSC differences among the studied streams, while the variation of diatom density was manifested with SSC. The relative abundance of dominant benthic diatoms varied with SSC. Saprophilic diatoms were dominant in the streams of LSC, while saproxenic diatoms were dominant in the streams of HSC. During the evaluation of biological water quality using the benthic diatom indices, Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Diatom Assemblage Index to organic water pollution (DAIpo), the streams of LSC generally showed poorer water quality than those of MSC (Middle stream shape complexity) and HSC. In particular, BOD, TP, and PO4-P showed significant relationships with DAIpo. In conclusion, shape complexity of streams in the Seom River watershed showed a close relation with benthic diatom distribution. This relation seemed to primarily be resulted from the effect of proximate factors, such as water quality, which might be affected by the land use types determining the degree of SSC.

수자원 보전을 위한 유역통합관리 방안에 관한 연구(II) - 오십천 수계의 수질모델링 및 수질 예측 -

허인량,정의호,권재혁 한국환경보건학회 2002 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Oship stream is located nearby south eastern coasts. This study was performed to find out waters quality modeling and then to predict water quality of Oship stream. Based on survey data, BOD, T-N, T-P calibration and verification result were in good agreement with measured value within mean coefficient variance(MSE) value, which were 13.9%, 9.0%, 26.5% and 19.5%, 12.0%, 16.5%, respectively. Sectional water quality predictions of the main stream of Oship stream are executed on the basis of the following cases 1) with sewage treatment of Dogye-eup 2) reduction of mine wastewater treatment of 80% in th basin. As a result, BOD, T-P improvement rates at down stream of Oship stream, case 1) were appeared 12.2%, 22.2%, case 2) maximum sulfate ion and conductivity reduction removal rate of Oship stream were 58%, 68%. The main pollution sources of Oship-stream were almost domestic wastewater and mine wastewater discharged from Dogye-eup which located in uppers stream. The large effects will appear after the construction of Dogye sewage water treatment plant which remove the organic matter and nutrients in these sewage water. The waste water from mine can not easily to treat for characteristics of effluence and economic problems. However, to achieve the goal of water quality in Oship-stream water system, treatments of those are necessary.

청주지역의 도심하천인 미호천에서 시공간적 수질변이 특성 및 유입지천의 영향

김지일 ( Ji Il Kim ),최지웅 ( Ji Woong Choi ),안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

The objective of study was to analyze seasonal and inter-annual patterns of water chemistry of Miho Stream watershed during 2004 - 2007 along with some influences of tributaries and summer monsoon on the stream water quality. For the study, eight physico-chemical parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD, COD and chlorophyll-a (CHL) etc. were analyzed in relation to spatial and temporal variability of seven sampling sites of the mainstream and some tributaries in the watershed. In the upstream reach, Mean of BOD, COD and TP averaged 3.2 mg/L, 6.5 mg/L and 186 μg/L, respectively, indicating an eutrophic conditions as a III-rank in the stream water quality criteria from the Ministry of Environment, Korea(MEK). The eutrophic water was due to a combined effect of Chiljang tributary with high nutrients (TP=844 μg/L, TN=8.087 mg/L) and the point sources from some wastewater treatment plants. In the meantime, BOD, TN, and TP in the downstream reach were about > 1.2-1.5 folds than the values of the midstream reaches. This was mainly attributed to effluents of nutrient rich-water (mean TN: 11.980 mg/L) from two tributaries of Musim Stream and Suknam Stream, which is directly influenced by nearby wastewater disposal plants. Seasonal analysis of water chemistry showed that summer monsoon rainfall was one of the important factors influencing the water quality, and water quality had a large spatial heterogeneity during the rainfall period. In the premonsoon, BOD in the downstream averaged 6.0±2.47 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold greater than the mean of upstream reach. Mean of CHL-a as an indicator of primary productivity in the water body, was > 2.2 - 2.9 fold in the downstream than in the upstream, and this was a result of the high phosphorus loading from the watershed. Overall, our data suggest that some nutrient controls in point-source tributary streams are required for efficient water quality management of Miho Stream.

지류하천의 상ㆍ하류 수질변화 비교: 낙동밀양 중권역 내 계성천 화포천을 대상으로

심규현 ( Shim Kyuhyun ),김경훈 ( Kim Gyeonghoon ),김성민 ( Kim Seongmin ),김용석 ( Kim Youngseok ),김진필 ( Kim Jin-pil ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Tributary is a part of life space for people and a very important place that accommodates rest recreation and other daily activities. absolutely insufficient basic data about water quality and flow rate are available for basin management. Efficient water and basin management systems, which are also supported by local residents can be established by securing such basic data of major tributaries in the Nakdong river system. In this study, the fluctuation characteristics of upstream and downstream water pollution levels were compared using the measurement results of the water environment measurement network and the tributary monitoring project for the gyeseong-stream and Hwapo-stream in the Nakdong-miryang watershed. In 2017, when water pollution is the highest, it was confirmed that the annual average rainfall was the lowest. Although the upstream and downstream water quality tendencies of the Gyeseong-stream are similar, the water quality concentrations of the Gyeseong-stream are relatively different. But although the Hwapo stream has various causes of pollution, there was not much difference in the level of pollution between the upper and lower streams. In addition, both rivers need the ability to purify rivers by securing sufficient water for river maintenance, and if the correlation between water quality items can be inferred through continuous monitoring of tributaries where the aspect of water quality change is unclear, water quality management Determined to be efficient operation.

도시하천에서 하수처리수의 유지용수 이용에 따른 영향 평가 연구

방천희,박재로,권혁,Bang Cheon-Hee,Park Jae-Roh,Kwon hyok 한국농공학회 2005 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.47 No.5

Recently since urbanization has brought about a dried stream and a worse water quality, Anyang city discharged the third treated sewage into the upper stream of Anyancheon and Hakuicheon. As the result, Hakuicheon had the water level and velocity enough for a living thing in the water to live in but water quality was worse than it had been. Therefore in case of meeting the water level and velocity of the second grade water-quality which living things in the water can live in, the discharge and water quality to secure in-stream flow must be at least 0.350 $m^3/s$ and $BOD_5\;3.2 mg/{\iota}$ respectively. In Anyancheon the water level was increased a little higher than it had been but the velocity was almost unchanged in comparison with it before. On the other hand the water quality was a little better than it had been. Therefore in case of meeting the water level and velocity of the third grade water-quality that people can do water-friendly activity, the discharge and water quality to secure in-stream flow must be at least 0.688 $m^3/s$ and $BOD_5\;4.8 mg/{\iota}$ respectively. The water-quality prediction on the suggested eight scenarios was simulated in all satisfying the third grade water-quality.

조선후기 기우제등록 의 청계천・한강 수표(水標) 기상기록 연구

김일권 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2023 한국학 Vol.46 No.1

This study explores a historical account of meteorological records sourced from the Comprehensive Records of Ritual for Rain(Kiwooje-dunglok), where the entire water mark record, totaling 1,810 events, was extracted and quantified. The Records examined the changing trend of rainfall in the Seoul area for 254 years(1636~1889) in late Joseon. The water mark(Soopyo), a system to measure the strength of rainfall in the region of Seoul, was first established under King Sejong’s rule in 1441. The system consisted of two posts: Cheonggye Stream Water Mark and Han River Water Mark. Gradations were engraved on the water mark posts to record the water flow level. While no records from early Joseon were found, this paper sheds light on the existence of the late Joseon water mark system, maintained with the persistent efforts of three clerks. Two recorded the stream water mark and recorded the Han River water mark, totaling 715 records. These, combined with the additional 60 records from the Diary of the Royal Secretariat, amounted to a total of 775 records, consisting of 668 stream water marks and 107 river water mark records. The 200 years (1633~1832) of stream water mark records revealed the following significant features: First, the period is divided into four parts based on the recording styles: 1) The parallel recording of the central region and the southern region period for 65 years(1633~1697); 2) The central region clerk in charge for 58 years (1697~1760); 3) The water mark clerk in charge for 73 years(1760~1832); and 4) The pluviometer(Chukwookee) reinstalment period for 58 years(1832~1889). Second, an analysis of the frequency of recording showed the two highest-frequency periods of 40 years(1680~1719) during the King Sukjong era and 30 years(1750~1779) during the King Youngjo era. This revealed that the highest rainfall occurred in the 40 years of the King Sukjong era(17~18c) and the second highest in the 30 years of the King Youngjo era(late 18c). Devoid of the pluviometer at that time, the records uniquely provided this information. Therefore, they have become extremely valuable in meteorological history. During the King Sukjong’s era, the yearly average of the water mark values turned out to be 944.45cm, which is twice larger than 505.24cm, the yearly average of the 200years(1633~1832). This indicates that there were heavy rainfalls during the peak period. The 15 selected years, which had higher than average rainfall, were suspected to have experienced flood damage. Future research on the correlation between meteorological and social changes is required. Third, according to an analysis of the 143 years(1636~1778) of the Han River water mark records, the highest water level occurred during the 44 years of King Sukjong’s era(1679~1722) and the 22 years of the King Youngjo era(1757~1778). The Han River records complemented stream water records. 16 years were selected as having higher than the average water level of the Han River during the 44 years of King Sukjong era and were considered as years with overflow and floods. However, they did not match the years selected based on the stream water. This explains why the stream water mark contained the rainfall issue centered on Seoul, while the Han River water mark contained heavy rain in the upper Han. Fourth, the Comprehensive Records of Ritual for Rain describe the details of King Youngjo’s reinstalment of the pluviometer. The king, was worried about the people and monitored the water mark, realized King Sejong’s pluviometer (Chukwookee) was an excellent scientific tool and immediately revived it. Conclusively, King Youngjo’s revival of the pluviometer(Chukwookee) was not accidental but an indispensable scientific achievement, as a result of the long-term endeavor of maintaining the water mark operation and management. In this respect, the significance of water mark records should be noted in the history of meteorology. Research-based on the multilateral re...

낙동강수계 지류 수질자료를 통한 수질개선 우선순위 선정

심규현 ( Shim Kyuhyun ),신상민 ( Shin Sangmin ),김성민 ( Kim Seongmin ),김용석 ( Kim Youngseok ),김경훈 ( Kim Gyeonghoon ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회지 Vol.36 No.5

The “Master Plan for the Revitalization of Water in the Nakdong River” is designed for the fundamental improvement of water quality in the Nakdong River. The water quality and flow of the Nakdong River system tributaries was monitored in this study. Among the living environmental standard parameters of 195 rivers, BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand), T-P (Total phosphorus) and TOC (Total organic carbon) were assessed to analyze the water quality from 2012 to 2019. We examined the role of TOC. It was found that 12 rivers exceeded the water quality of the second grade (3.0 mg/L BOD standard, 0.1 mg/L T-P standard, 4.0 mg/L TOC standard) based on BOD and T-P concentrations: the Gumi stream, Gisegok stream, Yongha stream, Yongho stream, Changnyeong stream, Gajwa stream, Gwangok stream, Yeongsan stream, Toerae stream, Hwapo stream, Sangnam stream and Hogye stream. These rivers require strategies to improve the quality of the Nakdong River. Based on the ongoing project, it is possible to supplement the “Master Plan for the Revitalization of Water in the Nakdong River” and manage it after verifying it as a component of people’s life and therefore used to establish water quality control measures.