服裝産品質量: 其性質和衡量方法

( Dale Rayman ),( David J. Burns ),( Cherilyn N. Nelson ) 한국마케팅과학회 2011 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.2 No.2

An important issue of apparel - apparel product quality - has not been significantly addressed in past research, particularly where the pre-purchase perceptions of consumers are concerned. The goal of this study is to identify how consumers define intrinsic apparel product quality. This will be accomplished by 1) examining the issue of quality as applied to products, 2) exploring past research on apparel product quality, 3) constructing a scale (ApparEx) to assess intrinsic apparel product quality, and 4) relating ApparEx with service quality as measured by SERVQUAL. Product quality is the consumer`s judgment of the standard of performance for a product. The cues used by consumers to judge quality can be classified as either intrinsic or extrinsic. While the topic of apparel product quality has been examined in the literature, the focus of such efforts has been largely on perceptions of apparel quality resulting from post-use or post-exposure analysis. What has not received significant research attention are the pre-use expectations or beliefs about intrinsic apparel quality. These pre-use expectations can be expected to be a primary determining factor of consumer purchasing behavior. The initial stage in the development of an instrument to measure prepurchase perceptions of intrinsic apparel product quality is to generate a set of items deemed to cover the domain of the intrinsic apparel product quality construct. Since the literature suggests that this construct is multi-dimensional in nature, the scale was developed with the goal of identifying and measuring the salient dimensions of intrinsic apparel product quality. Drawn from studies of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction with apparel items, texts documenting apparel manufacturing standards, and from technical standards drawn by the American Association for Textile Technology, eight dimensions of apparel quality were proposed. Seventy-four items were developed based on the above sources to address each proposed dimension of the construct. Four forms of the instrument were constructed, each focusing on a different apparel product classification (underwear/lingerie or sleepwear, casual sportswear, dresswear, and coats and jackets (outerwear)). The sampling design used in this study was a purposive one, using students enrolled in upper-division (junior and senior level) university business courses at major universities located in the Midwest and in the Southern U.S. The instrument was administered on-site to students present in selected business classes chosen to preclude the possibility of students being solicited more than once. Of the 984 questionnaires distributed, 131 were not determined to be usable, resulting in a usable return rate of 86.6 percent. Interestingly, the results suggest that the findings were not significantly different between the product categories indicating that the subject data may reasonably be pooled. A factor analysis resulted in seven factors being retained: 1) performance, 2) components, 3) garment care, 4) appearance, 5) construction/workmanship, 6) style/fashion, and 7) fit. While the pattern does not reproduce exactly the relationships proposed in the early stages of ApparEx development, the results were largely consistent. How well does the measure relate to other constructs to which the construct is theoretically related? This was accomplished by relating ApparEx with SERVQUAL, an instrument developed to measure the related concept of service quality. The objective was to determine how, if at all, the dimensions of the ApparEx scale relate to the dimensions of the SERVQUAL scale. The results seem to display a consistent pattern. It appears that two factors of the SERVQUAL scale (dependability and tangibility) are positively correlated with the factors of the ApparEx scale and that the other two factors of the SERVQUAL scale (empathy and responsiveness) are negatively related with the factors of the ApparEx scale. The results also suggest that the garment care factor of the ApparEx scale is not related strongly with the SERVQUAL factors, and that the style/fashion factor of the ApparEx scale relates only with the dependability and responsiveness factors of the SERVQUAL scale. These findings support the multidimensionality of the instrument, and that quality is not a generic phenomenon - quality as it relates to apparel products and quality as it relates to service issues appear to be two distinct concepts, at least as far as expectations are concerned. This provides additional evidence of the construct validity of the ApparEx scale. Previous research has largely ignored the consumer`s perspective in the discussion of product quality; apparel has not been an exception. In practice, intrinsic apparel product quality has been typically defined based on production-oriented standards. In the instances where the consumers` perspective has been addressed, it is most often within the context of what is thought to be what customers desire, instead of their actual desires. The natural outcome of this approach is that a gap likely exists between what consumers want and what managers think that consumers want. The ApparEx instrument developed in this paper can provide a mechanism by which managers can directly determine the apparel product quality expectations of their clientele. The results also suggest that consumers of apparel products expect the same dimensions of quality across product category lines. If consumers hold lower expectations of quality for apparel items which cost less, it was not apparent from this study. While it is true that consumers can best objectively assess product quality only after purchase and use, and that a purchased product`s inability to adequately perform will likely affect an individual`s subsequent purchasing behavior, it is the initial prepurchase quality assessment which will have an immediate material effect on consumers` purchasing decisions.

가전제품의 주요 국가 간 제품품질 경쟁력 비교에 관한 연구

임병훈,엄기홍 한국기업경영학회 2012 기업경영연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 논문은 특정 산업 또는 제품 수준에서 품질경쟁력 수준을 측정할 수 있는 평가모형을 개발하고, 이를 국가별로 비교하려는 시도로, 한국표준협회와 산업연구원(2007)에서 개발한 품질경쟁력 모형을 기반으로 실증적으로 적용 가능한 모형을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 국가간 경쟁력을 비교하는 WEF의 국가경쟁력 평가 모형, Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index, 국가산업의 품질경쟁력 수준지수, 한국사용품질지수 (KS-QEI)를 포함하는 6개 경쟁력지수 모형을 비교, 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한 품질을 구성하는 다양한 요소들을 기업과 사용자 측면에서 검토하고, 경쟁력 평가의 대상을 최종 제품만이 아니라 제품을 생산하는 기업의 내부적 요인과 국가의 인프라 수준 등을 반영하여 모형을 구축하였다. 도출된 모형은 5개 국가(한국, 미국, 일본, 독일, 중국)에서 생산되는 4개의 주요 생활가전제품(TV, 냉장고, 세탁기, 에어컨)을 대상으로 일반 소비자와 전문가를 대상으로 설문조사와 2차 자료 조사를 통해 품질경쟁력 수준을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 전반적으로 중국을 제외한 비교 대상 국가들 간의 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 한국제품의 품질경쟁력은 기술선진국들로 알려진 독일, 일본, 미국 제품들에 근접한 품질경쟁력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 한국의 생활가전제품에 대한 사용자평가는 다른 선진국가들과 큰 차이가 없이 개선되어졌으나 가전제품 전문가들의 인식과 평가는 아직 개선되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 전문가 평가가 중심을 이루는 생산품질과 경영품질 부분에서 상대적인 평가가 낮게 나타났다 This study tries to develop a practically applicable product quality competitiveness model based on the model by Korean Standards Association and Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade (2007). For this, 6 models comparing product quality or competitiveness across diverse countries including WEF, Business Competitiveness Index, Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index, KS-QEI and National Design Competition Power Index are reviewed. Based on the review, an evaluation model that measures quality competitiveness of products or particular industries among countries is developed. Here, quality competitiveness is defined, as shown in <Table 1>, to include four dimensions, design quality, production quality, usage quality, and management quality. It is also designed to incorporate various factors which constitute quality dimension in the area of both firms and consumers. Finally, variables for both end-products, internal factors of manufacturers, and the infrastructure of a country are included in the model as variables of competitiveness level. The model is applied to 4 major home appliances (TV, refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner)among 5 countries (Korea, US, Japan, Germany, China). For this, 3 types of data are collected and analyzed. First, consumer survey of 1,200 respondents with product usage experience is performed using online research firms. Secondly, online survey targeting experts in consumer electronics is implemented using the expert panel of research firms in each of 5 countries. Relative importance of 4 quality dimensions is measured and calculated based on the AHP method from experts survey. Thirdly, secondly data for market share and the number of patents are collected for each product and country. Based on the AHP evaluation by experts, relative weight of four quality dimensions is calculated. For all product categories, usage quality is found to be the most important factor, followed by production quality. Results of this study show that except China, no significant difference in quality exists among the evaluated countries. The quality competitiveness score of Korean products is 67.3 and is similar to Germany (69.0), Japan (68.5), and US (67.8), which are known to have high reputation for quality competitiveness. The score of China is found to be low at 60.9. However, in the evaluation by experts, the gap between Korea and other developed countries is larger. Among 4 quality dimensions, usage quality is found to be very high for Korean products, followed by design and production quality. Out of 4 product categories surveyed, the quality of Korean TV is evaluated highest, second to Japan. For AC, the quality of Korean products is ranked as second with US and Japan. The evaluation for Korean refrigerator and washing machine is relatively lower compared to other countries.

농산물 품질에 대한 소비자 기대가 지각된 품질에 미치는 영향

김동태(Kim, Dong-Tae),이은영(Lee, Eun-Young),이원준(Lee, Won-Jun),박성호(Park, Sung-Ho) 대한경영학회 2010 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

자동차의 제품 품질, 서비스 품질이 서비스 충성도, 제품 충성도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

배혜정,임호순,신호정,양인석,유석천 한국품질경영학회 2012 품질경영학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: We measure service quality based on service process, and examine relationships among product quality, product and service loyalty. Methods: We develop a construct to evaluate process based service quality. We collect data from customers of auto maintenance centers to measure perceived product quality, service and product quality. We test relationships between constructs using structural equation model and regression analysis. Results: Relationships among perceived-product quality, service quality, service loyalty, and product loyalty are all significant. Conclusion: Perceived-product quality has a indirect impact through service quality and loyalty in addition to a direct impact on product loyalty

자동차의 제품 품질, 서비스 품질이 서비스 충성도, 제품 충성도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

배혜정 ( Hye Jeong Bae ),임호순 ( Hosun Rhim ),신호정 ( Hojung Shin ),양인석 ( In Seok Yang ),유석천 ( Seuck Cheun Yoo ) 한국품질경영학회 2012 품질경영학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: We measure service quality based on service process and examine relationships among product quality product and service loyalty. Methods: We develop a construct to evaluate process based service quality. We collect data from customers of auto maintenance centers to measure perceived product quality service and product quality. We test relationships between constructs using structural equation model and regression analysis. Results: Relationships among perceived-product quality service quality service loyalty and product loyalty are all significant. Conclusion: Perceived-product quality has a indirect impact through service quality and loyalty in addition to a direct impact on product loyalty.

실용적 쇼핑가치와 지각된 품질에 따른 PB제품에 대한 소비자태도에 관한 연구

김은희 한국유통과학회 2012 유통과학연구 Vol.10 No.10

Purpose - The current analysis has been done in order to verify the difference between consumer attitudes on the distributor’s PB products in terms of practical shopping value and attitudes about the product according to its perceived quality. Research design, data, and methodology - The target respondents of this study were those who have bought PB products at large-scale discount stores within the past six months. We asked homemakers, office workers, and students who live in Seoul or Daejon to respond to a questionnaire by filling out self-evaluations, and collected the completed questionnaires. To test the hypothesis, a t-test was carried out by group for 25 percent of the high and low rankings, including a quarter of the total respondents, to verify attitudes toward products and brands, purchase satisfaction, and re-purchase intention according to the practical shopping value and recognized quality of PB products. A variance analysis was conducted to see if there were differences among groups in terms of practical shopping value and perceived quality. Scheffe’s back testing was used to identify differences between groups. Results - The result of the investigation of consumer attitudes according to practical shopping value is as follows. First, it was verified that consumer attitudes about PB products increase as practical shopping value increases. Second, there was no significant. Third, it was verified that repurchase intentions for PB products get higher as the practical shopping value of the consumer increases. The following is the result of the investigation of consumer attitudes according to the perceived quality of PB products. First, it was verified that the product attitude improves as the perceived quality of PB products increases. Second, the research confirmed that the brand attitude improves as the perceived quality of PB products increases. Third, consumer satisfaction is higher when the perceived quality of PB products is high. Fourth, this study verified that repurchase intentions for PB products are higher as the perceived quality of the product increases. Finally, the results of identifying differences between groups for perceived quality and shopping value are as follows. It was identified that there were differences in shopping value according to the characteristics of the groups. However, perceived quality does not change according to the characteristics of groups. Conclusions - These results have practical implications for the marketing strategy of PB products in order to satisfy consumer demands and provide a differentiated service by the distributor. In addition, it is suggested that a communication strategy may be necessary to increase brand loyalty and ensure the continual growth and value creation of PB products as symbolic products for distributors

글로벌 품질보증 경영 전략에 관한 연구: 브랜드 명성 및 제조 국가 이미지를 중심으로

황희중 한국유통과학회 2013 유통과학연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose – Numerous studies have tried to assess the role of a warranty as an explanatory instrument for product quality. While one study argued that manufacturers signal their superior quality to consumers by extending the duration of a warranty, quality is not necessarily related to warranty and a warranty for a short duration is a sign of high product quality. However, there are limitations to measuring product quality in terms of a single variable such as a warranty. Some other studies have evaluated the influence of brand power or value and price on the supposed quality of a product while the influence of warranty was found to be insignificant. Research design, data, methodology – The study analyzes the influence of brand power and the country of origin effect on consumers’ perception of product quality in line with warranty and establishes a priority strategy. Especially, consumer experience has a significant influence on state of the art technology products like applied home electronics as these goods are generally quite expensive and consumers expend significant energy in purchasing them, so the associated warranty and brand can have a critical role in the decision making process. The price of the product was excluded in this discussion as it continually varies with the market share of the product. Results – The results of the analysis are as follows: First, each of the factors such as the standard of the warranty, brand power, and country of origin effect influences the degree of satisfaction of an individual. Second, the factors brand power and quality of the warranty interact both complementarily and synergistically at a time, depending on the brand power. As brand power is more significant, the degree of satisfaction is greater in case of products with low quality warranty compared to those with high quality warranty. Third, the brand power and country of origin effect present a complementary interaction. Fourth, the country of origin effect and quality of a warranty interact synergistically. Conclusions – Thus, the higher the quality of warranty, greater is the increment in the degree of satisfaction. The comprehensive study on the effect of the country of origin on the purchase decision process and the degree of satisfaction compared to the other elements shows that in case of Japanese and Korean markets the brand power of a company is desirable in sustaining the quality of warranty to the industrial average. Also, there is no significant improvement in the perceived quality of the product when the quality of the warranty is lowered. Therefore, the warranty effect diminishes when the value of the brand is known, while it perishes when both the brand power and the country of origin effect are strong enough.

객관적 품질과 가격의 상관관계 분석 - 1996년~2006년 소비자시대 상품테스트 분석결과를 중심으로

유현정(Yoo Hyun Jung),송유진(Song Eu Gene),오아름(Oh A Reum) 한국소비문화학회 2008 소비문화연구 Vol.11 No.1

  상품이 첨단화되고 상품의 수가 증가하면서 어떤 제품이 좋은 품질의 제품인지 판단하는 일은 점점 더 어려워졌다. 그래서 소비자들은 종종 제품의 가격이 비쌀수록 좋은 상품이라고 판단하여 상품을 구매한다. 그러나 동일한 제품에 대해서도 다른 가격에 판매되는 가격분산이 존재하고, 가격과 품질의 상관관계가 정비례하지 않을 경우 소비자는 부당한 지불을 하게 된다. 이에 재화의 가격과 품질간의 상관관계를 연구하는 일은 소비자의 구매의사결정에 도움을 주고, 나아가 재화의 품질수준에 적정한 가격을 부여하기 위한 시장가격 정책 마련을 위한 자료를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.<BR>  이에 본 연구는 1996년 1월부터 2006년 4월까지 발행된 월간『소비자시대』의 상품테스트자료를 사용하여 제품의 가격과 품질간의 상관관계를 분석하였다.<BR>  분석 결과 첫째, 분석대상으로 사용된 제품의 가격과 품질간 상관관계는 상품에 따라 매우 상이하게 나타났다. 둘째, 유사 제품끼리 분류했을 때, 제품군에 따라 매우 상이한 상관관계를 보였다. 셋째, 고가제품이 오히려 부적상관관계를 나타내고 있었다. 넷째, 기간별로 품질과 가격의 상관관계 기복이 매우 심하였다. 다섯째, 제품별로 가격이 가장 높은 것으로 구매한 경우가 품질이 가장 좋은 것으로 구매한 경우보다 전체 가격의 약 26.46% 화폐손해를 보는 것으로 나타났다.<BR>  따라서 소비자들은 상품을 구매할 때 품질정보를 정확히 파악하여 상품을 구매해야 하며, 소비자교육을 통해 소비정보를 활용할 능력을 길러야 한다.   As a product gets advanced and the number of product gets increased, it has become difficult for consumers to judge a product of a good quality. Consumers have a tendency to use a product price as a simple indicator for product quality as products get more complicated. However, if a price dispersion exists and a correlation is not in direct proportion between a price and a quality, consumers should make an unreasonable payment.<BR>  In this study, we analyzed the correlation between a price and a quality of a product by using a product test by Consumer, a monthly magazine published from January 1996 till April 2006, as relevant data.<BR>  As a result of such an analysis, first, the correlation of a product used as a subject for the analysis was very different depending on a product. Second, correlation coefficients were different among product groups classified by product similarity during the analyzed period. Third, a high-priced product showed a negative correlation. Fourth, there were severe ups and downs of correlation between a price and a quality during the analyzed period. Fifth, buying the most expensive product can lead an approximately 26.46% overpayment compared to a buying the best quality product.<BR>  Thus, it is necessary for consumers to purchase a product by accurately finding out the information on quality in case of purchasing a product and cultivate an ability to utilize the information on consumption through an education for consumers.

식육 및 식육가공품의 품질기반 프로토콜 연구

신동민(Dong-Min Shin),김태경(Tae-Kyung Kim),이재훈(Jae Hoon Lee),김범근(Bum-Keun Kim),차지윤(Ji Yoon Cha),최윤상(Yun-Sang Choi) 한국축산식품학회 2022 Food and Life Vol.2022 No.3

In this study, the protocol of quality analysis method of meat and processed meat products was conducted to be used in the development of various products. Meat and processed meat products have many considerations when analyzing the quality compared with other food groups. The determinants of meat quality are pH, meat color, water holding capacity, age, fatty acid composition, marbling, and lipid oxidation. The quality determinants of processed meat products differed from product to product, so whole meat products and ground meat products were analyzed separately. The quality-based protocol was analyzed for whole meat products as representative ham products and for pulverized meat products as sausages. The quality characteristics of ham are measured by pH, color, water holding capacity, physical properties, fatty acid composition, lipid acidity, curing yield, cooking loss, gel-forming ability (dynamic viscosity), textural properties, residual nitrite, flavor component analysis, and product yield. The quality characteristics of sausages are almost similar to the analysis of ham, and emulsion stability and scanning microscope are measured. Therefore, it is possible to analyze the quality of meat and processed meat products through appropriate tests for each product as a quality- based protocol study.

생산관행이 혁신품질에 미치는 영향

반재인(Jae In Ban),김성홍(Sung Hong Kim) 한국생산관리학회 2014 한국생산관리학회지 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 기업의 생산관행이 혁신품질에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 바탕으로 생산관행을 TQM, SCM, TIM으로 구분하고, 혁신품질을 제품 혁신품질, 프로세스 혁신품질, 기업 혁신품질로 구분하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 산업통상자원부와 한국생산성본부가 제공한 「제조업 생산성 패널조사」 자료에서 총 561개 유효표본을 확보하여 분석에 활용하였다. 구조방정식모델을 활용하여 생산관행과 혁신품질의 인과관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, TQM실행은 모든 혁신품질에 유의한 정의 영향을 미친다. 둘째, TIM실행은 제품 및 기업 혁신품질에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치지만 프로세스 혁신품질에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 마지막으로 SCM실행은 제품 혁신품질에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치지만 프로세스 및 기업 혁신품질에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 본 연구의 학문적 시사점은 문헌연구를 통해 혁신품질에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 생산관행(TQM, SCM, TIM)을 파악하고, 이들을 종합적으로 고려하여 혁신품질 구성요소와 인과관계모형을 개발했다는 점이다. 그리고 실무적 시사점은 기업이 가장 먼저 프로세스 혁신품질을 개선해야 하며, 이를 위해서는 TIM과 SCM을 실행하기 전에 우선적으로 TQM을 도입해야 한다는 것을 확인했다는 점이다. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of production practices on innovation quality using data collected from Korea Manufacturing industry. Based on previous research, we classified production practices and innovation quality. Production practices are TQM implementation, TIM implementation and SCM implementation. Innovation quality are product, process and enterprise innovation quality. The results are as follows. First, TQM implementation had significant positive effects on product innovation quality, process innovation quality, enterprise innovation quality. Second, TIM implementation had significant positive effects on product innovation quality and enterprise innovation quality, but has not impact on process innovation quality. Finally, SCM implementation had significant positive effects on product innovation quality, but has not impact on process innovation quality and enterprise innovation quality. Academic implications of this study is that we identified the production practices (TQM, SCM, TIM) which may affect innovation quality and developed the causal model between these practices and innovative quality components. Managerial implications of this study is that we verified that firms should first improve process innovation quality and should adopt TQM before SCM and TIM implementation for improving the process innovation quality.