곁텍스트를 통한 출판사의 문학번역 전략 홍보:『위대한 개츠비』 번역방법 논란을 중심으로

김순미 한국통번역교육학회 2013 통번역교육연구 Vol.11 No.3

Among some fifty translated versions of The Great Gatsby, two (one by a professional translator Kim, Wook-dong and the other by a famous novelist Kim, Young-ha) have been a source of heated controversy over translation strategies. The professional translator's translation was characterized by classical use of language and accurate translation while the novelist translator's translation was marked by modern and smoother use of language. This study aims to analyze how paratexts such as titles, subtitles, dedications, cover notes, prefaces, postfaces, blurbs, footnotes, translator's reviews, publisher's reviews, epigraphs and "epitexts" surrounding a book can be used to inform readers of translation strategies adopted by the translator. Paratexts can change the reception of a text or its interpretation by the public by framing contents in a book in an intended way. This study focuses on the promotion process of The Great Gatsby where publishers and translators set their own translation strategies and publish them through paratexts.

번역서의 온라인 곁텍스트와 사회문화적 맥락에 대한 통시적 연구: ‘오만과 편견’을 중심으로

송연석 한국번역학회 2023 번역학연구 Vol.24 No.3

With the advent of the digital era, the landscape of book purchasing and consumption has shifted significantly from offline to online, and from print to e-books. This diachronic study seeks to understand how these sociocultural changes have influenced translation and necessitated changes in the analysis of paratexts of translations. The paper begins by examining the limitations of Genette’s traditional division of paratexts into peritexts and epitexts, proposing a framework that divides online paratexts into images and text. Analyzing the online paratexts of 96 translated texts collected from two major domestic online bookstores, the study examines the impact of socioculutral changes on paratexts, identifying key trends and changes in response to these shifts. The findings reveal a marked prominence of feminism in Korea from 2016 to 2019, a diminishing visibility of translators in the e-book-centric market, prevailing norms oriented towards readability and acceptability, and an emphasis on educational purposes reflecting the nation’s exam-driven educational climate. The paper concludes by proposing the need for revisiting traditional concepts and methodologies in Translation Studies.

Saving Orinda’s Posthumous Reputation: Paratexts Guiding Away from Lesbian Reading of Katherine Philips’s Poems (1667)

박재영 한국18세기영문학회 2012 18세기영문학 Vol.9 No.2

Drawing attention to Katherine Philips, recently reevaluated as one of the most famous poetesses in the early modern England, this essay examines the roles of the paratexts included in Philips’s Poems (1667) edited by Sir Charles Cotterell, one of her coterie members, after her death. Unlike the 1664 edition of her poems pirated without Philips’s consent, the 1667 edition includes significantly more poems along with a number of the paratexts including seven commendatory poems mostly contributed by prominent Royalist writers Philips had maintained friendship from the English Interregnum. Applying Gérard Genette’s conception of a paratext, which “works as a vital, effective impetus to lead readers’ reception of the poetess and her poems in a particular direction,” this essay argue that the paratexts in the 1667 edition guide the reader away from an overtly lesbian reading of Philips’s poems, while the absence of such materials might well lead one “toward” such a reading.

Saving Orinda`s Posthumous Reputation: Paratexts Guiding Away from Lesbian Reading of Katherine Philip`s Poems (1667)

( Jae Young Park ) 한국18세기영문학회 2012 18세기영문학 Vol.9 No.2

Drawing attention to Katherine Philips, recently reevaluated as one of the most famous poetesses in the early modern England, this essay examines the roles of the paratexts included in Philips`s Poems (1667) edited by Sir Charles Cotterell, one of her coterie members, after her death. Unlike the 1664 edition of her poems pirated without Philips`s consent, the 1667 edition includes significantly more poems along with a number of the paratexts including seven commendatory poems mostly contributed by prominent Royalist writers Philips had maintained friendship from the English Interregnum. Applying Gerard Genette`s conception of a paratext, which "works as a vital, effective impetus to lead readers` reception of the poetess and her poems in a particular direction," this essay argue that the paratexts in the 1667 edition guide the reader away from an overtly lesbian reading of Philips`s poems, while the absence of such materials might well lead one "toward" such a reading.

『걸리버 여행기』의 곁텍스트 연구

김민서 한국번역학회 2019 번역학연구 Vol.20 No.1

한반도 주변국에서는 북한 작가 반디의 「고발」을 어떻게 바라보는가?—일본과 대만 번역서 곁텍스트 고찰

성승은,최소영,김보경 한국번역학회 2022 번역학연구 Vol.23 No.3

Kobal has drawn attention as a novel by a writer who is known to live in North Korea, and has been translated in 28 countries to date. Kobal offers an attractive example to examine paratextual transformations in its translations; it has multiple paratextual elements to choose from in translation, particularly in terms of its political ideology; and it has been translated into many languages. According to a previous study of the text’s paratextual transformations, in some translations in the West, anti-North Korea ideology was mitigated; a neutral view between South and North Korea was attempted; and Bandi’s identity was questioned. These versions seem to be translated from the perspective of an outside observer of the situation in North Korea. On the other hand, translations in countries surrounding the Korean Peninsula, directly subject to North Korea’s threat of war, may take a different view. Against this background, this study demonstrates how political ideology is reflected in the paratexts of Kobal’s translations in countries surrounding the Korean Peninsula vis-a-vis some translations in the West as discussed in the previous study. While there are no Chinese or Russian translations, paratexts of Japanese and Taiwanese translations have fully conveyed the source text ideology. The analysis supports the claim that political ideology is a major factor in translation, from determining whether to translate the text to transforming paratextual elements. This paper thus demonstrates a spectrum of ideological reception, through paratexts, in multiple translations with different socio-cultural backgrounds.

Translation of Orwell's Animal Farm as ideological intervention

김신희 한국통역번역학회 2007 통역과 번역 Vol.9 No.2

Kim, Shin-Hee. (2007). Translation of Orwell's Animal Farm as Ideological Intervention. Conference Interpretation and Translation, 9(2), 35-61. Contrary to the supposed ‘anonymity’ of the translator, this paper investigates the active role of the translator and the possibility of using translation as ideological intervention. Based on the fact that Animal Farm has been one of the most frequently translated works in Korea, this essay explores how translation of the novel served as ‘ideological intervention’ during the period of intense dictatorship in Korean history. The paper takes two case studies from Presidents Rhee's and Park's regimes, and demonstrates that translators could exert a political import under the guise of translation. Focusing on paratexts as a valuable site to detect the translator's presence, speech act theory is used to identify translation's covert function of ideological intervention. Keywords: Animal Farm, translation, social change, speech act theory, paratexts

淩叔華『古韻』的副文本硏究

전영 한국중국학회 2022 중국학보 Vol.102 No.-

Ling shuhua is one of the first generation of female writers in the modern Chinese literary world affected by the May 4th New Literature Movement. In the 1920s and 1930s, she published a collection of short stories, including the Temple of Flowers, the Women, and the Little Brothers. Ling shuhua’s autobiographical novel “Ancients Melodies” was published in Britain in 1953 with the help of members of the Bloomsbury Group in Britain. After the novel was published, it caused a great sensation in the West and won her international reputation. The novel shows the western readers the childhood story of a woman growing up in a traditional Chinese family. Ling shuhua communicated with Julian Bell, Adeline Virginia Woolf, Vanessa Bell and other members of the Bloomsbury Group in the United Kingdom, showing the process of cross-cultural creation of the work Ancient Melodies. The work shows the west the scenery and stories with Chinese characteristics, using English as the text language and autobiography. Virginia Woolf has given a lot of guidance from the novel conception to the setting of target readers and the application of writing skills. It can be said that this work is a cross cultural achievement born in the process of Sino Western exchanges. Gerard Genette’s Parataxts theory focuses on the auxiliary content and information related to texts that have been ignored in literary research. In fact, it is the content and information of Parataxts around these texts that make the texts have higher meaning and value, and make the texts pass on to the readers as much as possible according to the author’s intention. ‘Parataxts’ is an important element in literary research, but a core element that complements and improves the original text and is as valuable as the original text. And the original text and ‘Parataxts’ are not independent individuals, but symbiotic relationships of interdependence and coexistence. This paper analyzes the content of ‘Parataxts’ in ancient Chinese rhymes, and explores the ‘self orientalization’ tendency reflected in Ling shuhua’s self paintings, which echoes with the ‘self orientalization’ shown in the original text and deepens the theme and significance of the work. On the other hand, this paper analyzes the preface vita sackville west wrote for the work, and examines its significance as a ‘symbolic capital’ through the preface as ‘Parataxts’. Through this study, we expect to expand the scope of ‘Parataxts’ research in the field of modern literature in the future, and re-examine the literary value of original text through ‘Parataxts’ research in the field of literature. 淩叔華是受五四新文學運動影響的中國現代文壇的第一代女性作家之一,在1920~30年代發表了短篇小說集 花之寺 、 女人 、 小哥兒倆 。 淩叔華的自傳體小說 古韻 在英國布盧姆斯伯裏成員的幫助之下,於1953年在英國出版。小說發表後在西方引起很大轟動,爲她贏得了國際聲譽。小說向西方讀者展現了一個中國傳統家庭裏成長的女性的童年故事。淩叔華與朱利安⋅貝爾,弗吉尼亞⋅伍爾夫以及瓦內撒⋅貝爾等英國布盧姆斯伯裏集團的成員交流,展現了 古韻 這部作品跨文化創作的過程。作品給西方展示了具有中國特色的風景和故事,以英語作爲文本語言,采用自傳體模式。從小說構思到目標讀者的設置以及寫作技巧的運用等方面,弗吉尼亞⋅伍爾夫都給與了許多指導意見。可以說這部作品是在中西交流的過程中誕生的跨文化成果。 熱拉爾⋅熱奈特的副文本理論關注文學研究中一直以來被忽略的與文本相關的輔助內容和信息。實際上正是這些文本周邊的副文本內容和信息才使文本具有更高的意義和價值,並使文本最大限度按作者意圖傳遞給讀者。 副文本在文學研究方面並不是無關緊要的要素,而是補充和完善正文本,與正文本一樣具有價值的核心要素。並且正文本與副文本不是獨立存在的個體,而是相互依存和共存的共生關系。本文對 古韻 中存在的副文本內容加以分析,從中探索出淩叔華自畫的插畫中體現出的自我東方化傾向,這與正文本中表露出的自我東方化相互呼應,深化作品主題和意義。另一方面, 本文分析英國女作家薇塔⋅薩克維爾⋅韋斯特爲作品撰寫的序文,通過作爲副文本的序文,考察其作爲象征資本所具有的意義。通過本文考察,期待今後現代文學領域擴大副文本研究範圍,通過文學領域的副文本研究重新審視正文本的文學價值。

Use of Orwell’s Literary Persona as a Political Engagement in Translation of Animal Farm

김신희 한국번역학회 2008 번역학연구 Vol.9 No.4

This paper explores the role of the translator as an ethical agent of social change focusing on paratexts as the site for the translator's intervention. Based on Maria Tymoczko's proposal that translation is a metastatment, i.e. a text about a text, the paper maintains that the use of Orwell's literary persona was a specific translation strategy aimed for political intervention in the time of intense dictatorship from mid 1970s through 80s. In order to demonstrate the way Orwell's literary persona was appropriated for political purpose, the paper discusses the general picture of intellectuals in the time of political repression, which can be characterized as the cycle of repression-dissidence-further repression-further dissidence. It shows that, in the given circumstances, translators as intellectuals also had the same aspirations and frustrations, and Orwell as an engaged writer was a model intellectual. The paper claims that hard covered bindings secured the translator's anonymity whereas recreation of Orwell's literary reputation or his literary persona through Orwell materials inside functioned as an effective means of social engagement for the muted intellectuals at the time.

인문교양 역사서 번역전략 고찰 및 제안 : 『사피엔스』의 곁텍스트를 중심으로

신미영(Shin,Miyoung) 한국통번역교육학회 2021 통번역교육연구 Vol.19 No.3

This study aims to examine some translation strategies shown in paratexts in the Korean translated text of Sapiens, a well known popular historical book, written by Yuval Noah Harari. A paratext is a material that surrounds a published main text, and is supplied by the authors, editors, publishers, and printers. It is things such as the title, the author s name, introduction or preface, or illustrations. This study addresses a question of what strategies can be employed to translate ST(Source Text) into TT(Translated Text) successfully. It also suggests a modified and upgraded version of some TT to promote the fidelity and readability of TT. The main results of this study are discussed concerning translation from ST to TT in terms of tense, grammatical voice, parallel structure, punctuation, and words or expressions. This study will help translators and future translators to improve the quality of their translation in terms of achieving the fidelity and readability of their translation.