세종 통치기간중 주요 국정참여자의 네트워크변화 분석

심재권 ( Shim Jae-kwon ) 한국행정사학회 2016 韓國行政史學誌 Vol.39 No.-

세종시대는 우리 역사에서 정치, 경제, 사회가 안정되고 문화가 가장 융성했던 시대이다. 이러한 바탕에는 세종의 백성을 사랑하는 마음, 그의 천재적인 능력 및 부단한 노력 그리고 당시 국정운영 중심세력들의 헌신적 노력 등이 있었기에 가능했을 것임으로 이 당시에 주요 국정중심세력들로 누가 있었는가를 살펴보는 것은 세종시대를 본질적으로 이해하는데 매우 도움이 될 것이다. 따라서 이 연구는 세종시기의 국정운영에의 참여자들 중 누가 가장 실제적 영향력을 행사하였고, 권력의 분산정도는 어떠했는가를 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해서 세종 32년간의 통치기간을 시기별로 구분하고, 그 시기에 따른 국정참여자들의 관계를 분석하여 세종시기의 주요 국정참여자들의 역동적 변화 과정을 살펴보았다. 이 연구는 세종시대의 시기별 국정운영참여자의 변화를 야기한 배경, 국정네트워크의 구성요소인 주요행위자 및 이들의 상호작용을 통해 나타난 네트워크 구조의 파악, 나아가 네트워크에서 누가 가장 중심성 정도에 위치하는지 등을 분석하였다. 분석의 결과, 세종시대의 주요한 통치구조인 육조직계제와 의정부서사제를 기점으로 주요 국정참여자들의 네트워크는 분명한 변화가 있었고, 또한 육조직계제의 경우에서도 상왕에 의해 정국이 주도된 시기와 세종이 직접 통치한 시기가 달랐고, 의정부서사제의 경우에서도 세종이 직접 정무의 대소사를 챙긴 시기와 세자가 대행한 기간의 국정참여자들의 중심성에서도 변화가 있었다. When the King Sejong succeeded to the throne in 1418, only 26 years have passed since Chosun dynasty was established. At that time domestically the governance system was not made perfectly. The dynasty had to experience extreme drought for 7 years including earthquakes, hail, typhoon and natural disaster. In addition, internationally both Japanese invaders in the southern area and barbarians in the northern area were engaging in plunder. The Ming Dynasty in China demanded an unreasonable tribute out of Chosun dynasty. The situation was very poor conditions. However, despite of having difficulties both at home and abroad, they were overcome with wisdom. King Sejong Dynasty was politically, economically, socially the most stable in our history. Our culture was the most prosperous time. The mind just loving King Sejong`s people in such a soil, a genius and, a lot of effort made it possible. Therefore, it will be very useful to look through the Analysis of Co-word Analysis together which is modern research methods, that is, network analysis about who were as center force of government operation which made this time possible . This will be a very meaningful research to examine who was the most real influence of participants in conducting government operation and how much was a dispersion of power and an opportunity to access about more historical entity of the time. In this research, by analyzing the correlation of the relations between participants conducting government operation in the King Sejong`s reign of the age, the dynamic process of government operation will be examined. The purpose of this study is to examine 1) the environment caused changes of participant conducting government operation, 2) who is the key actor with government operation network, 3) to identify structure of the network through interaction 4) who is in the network of its central location. These studies will contribute greatly to essentially understand the King Sejong`s period, and will be significant work to analyze the historical fact through modern statistical techniques. In general, dynamic change of the central power of the government operation is examined about the analysis of changes in the network each time with network`s visualization, principal components and the analysis of the center, degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality each time. As a result, based on major governance structure of the reign of King Sejong, Uukjo-jikgyeje and Uyjeongbu-sesaje, there were a clear change network of main participants, and in the case of Yukjo-jikgyeje the period led in the political situation by King Taejong and ruled directly by King Sejong was different. In the case of Uyjeongbu-sesaje, there was a centrality change of participants of government operation during the time ruled directly about political affairs by King Sejong and the interim period of time ruled by crown prince. Like this, dynamic change of major national players in the era of King Sejong`s reign was evident. When this country`s main pending issues emerged, a series of policies to resolve the problem appeared. Participants related to specific policy for enforcement in. such a process formed a network the various actors involved in the course of many conflicts, cooperation and coordination. The central power exists in such a network. And this central forces was keeping their power and influence during a certain period of time and such initiative was weakened when environment changed and other powers was replaced by the concentration of power, distributed to new forces, emerged as the front of the history. These facts have no exception in reign of King Sejong. But there was still a king in the pinnacle of power of Chosun Dynasty with powerful centralized system state.

제4 이동통신사업자 선정을 통한 이동통신 요금 인하

최용제 정보통신정책학회 2024 정보통신정책연구 Vol.31 No.1

신규 이동통신사업자가 시장에 진입하면 손실을 입게 되고 따라서 신규 진입을 위해서는 보조금 지급이 필요한 경우를 분석한다. 제4 이동통신사업자의 선정은 한정된 정부 재원을 신규 이동통신사업자에게 보조금 형태로 지원할 것인가 아니면 신규 사업자에게 지급할 보조금에 상당하는 금액을 동일한 금액으로 나누어 기존 사업자의 모든 가입자들에게 쿠폰으로 지급할 것인가 중 하나를 선택하는 문제로 볼수 있다. 이러한 문제를 다루기 위한 게임모형의 분석 결과, 신규 사업자에게 보조금을 지급하는 것이 동일한 금액을 가입자들에게 쿠폰으로 지급하는 것보다 요금인하에 더 효과적이라는 것을 보였다. 모형의 가정을 완화하여 쿠폰 지급이 소비자의 이동통신 수요에 미치는 영향을 추가적으로 고려하면 신규 사업자에게 보조금을 지급하는 정책은 쿠폰 지급보다 더 선호된다. 그러나 신규 이동통신사업자가 기존 이동통신사업자와 비교하여 가변 비용의 측면에서 열위에 있는 경우 신규 이동통신사업자에게 보조금을 지급하는 정책의 효과는 약화된다 Recently, there is controversy about licensing a fourth mobile network operator. Governments viewed that there was not enough competition among mobile network operators and that mobile network operators were charging excessively high tariffs. Accordingly, various policies were implemented to reduce tariffs. In addition, the governments tried licensing a fourth mobile network operator seven times to promote competition among the mobile network operators. Licensing of the fourth mobile network operator caused a lot of controversy as to whether the business was viable or not, and it was not successful because they could not find an applicant with sufficient financial capability. The current government is recently re-trying the selection of new mobile network operator by providing various incentives, such as lowering the spectrum allocation fee and mandating roaming for existing mobile network operators. The entry of a new mobile network operator into the market not only leads to lower rates, but also gives MVNOs the opportunity to negotiate network roaming with more mobile network operators. However, existing mobile network operators argue that the new mobile network operator is not sustainable and that the licensing of a new mobile network operator will ultimately hinder investment and downsize the market. If the entry of a new mobile network operator is not sustainable and therefore subsidy for new entry is necessary, it is not right to conclude that such a policy is desirable simply because the licensing of a new mobile network operator results in tariff cuts. This is because if the resources for the subsidy are distributed to mobile communication subscribers in the form of coupons, mobile communication tariffs will be reduced more or less. Therefore, it can be seen as an issue of choosing between providing scarce government resources in the form of subsidies to a new mobile network operator or distributing them as coupons to all subscribers, and the purpose of this study is to analyze which of the two methods is the more effective. I did not find any existing research directly related to the topic of this study. Choi(2018) proposed an idea to reduce tariffs using spectrum auction revenues, but did not address the issue of licensing a new mobile network operator. Many existing studies focused on estimating the tariff reduction after licensing a new mobile network operator, but did not consider providing subsidies to a new mobile network operator or providing coupons to subscribers. This study presents a three-stage game model for the mobile communications market. Consider mobile communications market in which three existing mobile network operators are competing. In the first stage, the government announces subsidies to be paid to a new mobile network operator. The government’s objective function is to increase the welfare of users by lowering the tariffs for mobile communication services. In the second stage, a potential mobile network operator decides whether to enter the market. And in the third stage, if a potential mobile network operator decides to enter the market in the previous stage, it obtains a license, receive subsidies, and install a network, and the three existing mobile network operators decides whether to exit the market or not. If a potential mobile network operator decides not to enter the market in the previous stage, the existing market structure does not change and the three existing operators continue to provide services. The results of the model analysis show that providing subsidies to a new mobile network operator is the more effective in reducing tariffs than allocating the same amount as coupons to subscribers. When we consider the impact of coupon payments on consumers' demand for mobile communications services, the policy of providing subsidies to a new network operator becomes more preferable. However, if we relax the symmetry of production technologies and the new mobile network ...

공동 CRM 마케팅 운영이 대리점의 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 연구 : S전자 대리점을 중심으로

이범희 한국산업경제학회 2008 산업경제연구 Vol.21 No.5

제조기업들은 고객정보를 마케팅현장에서 대리점들과 재활용하는 CRM 마케팅 운영을 공동으로 활용하고자 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 그러나 대리점들은 제조기업에서 주관하고 있는 CRM 마케팅 운영의 성과에 대하여 반선반의하는 경우가 있으며, 오히려 제조기업에서 주관하고 있는 CRM 마케팅 운영에 참여하기를 주저하는 경우가 있다. 본 연구는 공동 CRM 마케팅 운영이 대리점 외부의 고객관리 협력 강화와 대리점 내부의 임직원 만족도에 정의 영향을 마치고 이들 매개변수는 대리점의 경영성과(성장성, 수익성, 생산성)에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 연구하였다. 즉 공동 CRM 마케팅 운영을 통하여 제조기업과 대리점이 공동의 경쟁력을 향상시킬 수 있는 시너지 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다. A manufacturing company and retailers always have to be aware of customer needs in the unlimited competition global market to improve their competitiveness. The CRM network marketing operations will be very effective for them, because they can find customer needs very quickly and accurately by using its operations. They have many interests in the CRM network marketing operations, and they are looking for ways how to do that. They, however, do not have conviction about thier performances and achievements after doing the CRM network marketing operations. It is the reason why the CRM network marketing operations is not yet expanded to all retailers, but they will take many advantages of the CRM network marketing operations in the near future. The company is analyzing past patterns of customer buying habits and forecasting the future trend very easily. The company is able to acquire, store, integrate, remanufacture, analyze, and reuse customer informations which are gathered from all kinds of customers of the real market channels, retailers, service centers, distributers, installers, call centers, internet shopping malls evry day, etc,. A lot of retailers do not participate in the CRM network marketing operations in spite of that it is a very important strategy of manufacturing companies, because they do not have any kinds of convictions how to make satisfaction after participation in the CRM network marketing operations from now. Retailers agree with that the company has a very effective and competetive CRM network marketing operations, but they are worring if it will influence to their performances positively or not after thier participation in it. This research verificated that the CRM network marketing operations influences positive impact on retailer's business performances. I believe the company and retailers will utilize the CRM network marketing operations very actively at the same time in the near future. The CRM network marketing operations will be the one of best marketing tools to improve their competitiveness. The independent variables of the CRM network marketing operations are influencing positive effects to the intermediate variables, the strengthening of external co-operation, and the enhancement of internal worker satisfaction. And these intermediate variables are producing positive effects to retailers' performances, growing ability, profitability, and productivity. The strengthening of external co-operation also make positive affects to the enhancement of internal worker satisfaction, in spite of that they are all same intermediate variables. And they are affecting to retailers' business performances. In other words, the CRM network marketing operations between the company and retailers is leading synergy effects for themselves, and influencing to the most of all retailers' performances.

저궤도위성통신 중심의 군 통합네트워크 운영개념과 운영효과도 분석

김동우 한국멀티미디어학회 2023 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.26 No.4

In this study, an operational concept for an integrated military network required by the Korean military for future battlefield environments is proposed. It is centered on low Earth orbit(LEO) satellite communication. The proposed operational concept is to integrate the existing geostationary satellite network and terrestrial network into the LEO satellite network, with a focus on the latter. A simulation of network traffic considering future operational environments is performed to analyze the operational effectiveness of the proposed integrated military network. Results confirmed that the integrated network is more effective in terms of network traffic than when operating the existing terrestrial network and LEO satellite network as separate networks.

군 저궤도위성통신체계 운영개념과 운영효과도 분석

김동우 한국통신학회 2023 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.48 No.4

This paper proposes an operational concept of the low Earth orbit(LEO) satellite communication system, which is required by the ROK military in the future battlefield environment. The proposed operational concept is to integrate the existing terrestrial network based on the satellite communication network. Considering the military operational environment, network traffic simulations were performed to analyze the operational effectiveness of the LEO satellite network. As a result of the simulations, it was confirmed that the LEO satellite network is more effective than the existing terrestrial network in terms of network traffic. 본 논문에서는 미래 전장환경에서 우리 군이 필요로 하는 저궤도위성통신체계의 운영개념을 제안한다. 제안하는 운영개념은 위성통신 네트워크를 기반으로기존의 지상 네트워크를 통합하는 방안이다. 저궤도위성통신체계의 운영효과도를 분석하기 위해 군 작전환경을 고려한 네트워크 트래픽 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 저궤도위성통신 네트워크는 기존지상 네트워크보다 네트워크 트래픽 측면에서 효과적임을 확인하였다.

한국군에 적합한 네트워크 작전수행방안 연구

유진철 ( Jin Cheol Yoo ),이원우 ( Won Woo Lee ),임원택 ( Won Taek Lim ),신규용 ( Kyu Yong Shin ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2012 국방연구 Vol.55 No.2

플랫폼 중심에서 네트워크 중심으로 전쟁의 패러다임이 변화하고 있다. 네트워크 중심전 하에서는 네트워크를 통한 실시간 정보공유를 통해 정보우위를 달성할 수 있기 때문에 전투력의 집중과 분산이 용이하고, 작전의 유연성이 향상되며, 의사결정 및 명령하달 시간을 단축시킬 수 있다. 따라서 미군을 비롯한 강대국들은 네트워크 중심전으로 전쟁수행의 개념을 전환하고 있다. 네트워크 중심전에서 네트워크 작전은 네트워크에 대한 가용성 보장, 정보보증, 그리고 정보전달력 향상 측면에서 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 하지만 그 중요성에도 불구하고 한국군의 경우 아직 네트워크 작전에 대한 연구가 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 네트워크 중심전의 핵심으로 부상하고 있는 네트워크 작전에 대해 선진국의 추진현황을 미군 중심으로 살펴보고, 한국군의 실태를 분석하며, 한국군에 적합한 네트워크 작전 수행방안을 제시한다. We are experiencing a paradigm shift of conducting warfare from platform-centric to network-centric. The information superiority given by real-time information sharing through a network-centric environment makes it possible to easily concentrate or disperse fighting power, increase the flexibility of operations, and shorten the time needed for decision making and issuance of orders. As a consequence, the world powers including United States of America (USA) have made an effort to develop the concept of network centric warfare. In network centric warfare, the network operations (NetOps) paly an important role for the availability of networks, information assurance, and information dissemination. Despite the importance of NetOps in a network centric warfare, it is in very inception of the research on NetOps in Korea military. In order to overcome this, in this paper, we investigate the status of NetOps of advanced countries mainly focusing on USA, provide actual condition survey on the NetOps of Korea military, and propose a plan for the development of NetOps customized for korea military.

네트워크 오퍼레이터 비즈니스 모델

한재민(Jaemin Han),김재영(Jaeyoung Kim) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2015 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.15 No.1

The complexity of business relationship has been increased as information technology continuously developed. Because of this, business organization must propose sophisticated values to the customer through the analysis of customer needs, business operation, and market competition. The network operator as a business model tries to overcome limitation of structural and behavior perspectives in traditional network theories. In this paper, the concept of network operator offers explanation of comprehensive view based on systematic approach. Through case study, iPhone entered smart phone industry with an earth-break brand in 2007. After a few years, iPhone becomes a market leader who creates tremendous revenue to compare with competitors through a network operator business model. The iPhone captured latent business opportunity in competition fixation and market governance in telecommunication industry satisfying customer desires of data communication. Therefore, the iPhone business model converts business opportunity as revenue taking role as a network operator. The network operator business model provides a conceptual establishment to understand change of competitive environment which IT development brought. Network operator business model explains how business organization achieve strategic value in competition environment which regards issues that who brings what values to whom and how to generate revenue in terms of network operation perspectives.

공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성과 운영성과에 관한 연구

이정호(Lee, Joung-Ho) 한국물류학회 2021 물류학회지 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성에 대한 기반적 구조를 밝히고 민첩성이 운영성과를 유도하는 과정을 규명한다. 구체적으로 공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성을 개념화할 수 있는 모형을 개발하고, 공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성의 운영성과에 대한 영향력을분석함으로써, 공급사슬네트워크가 경쟁환경에 적합한 역량을 획득할 수 있는 대안적 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위해 문헌적 고찰을통한 이론을 기반으로 공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성을 조작적으로 정의할 수 있는 가설과 함께, 공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성이 운영성과를 유인하는 방식에 관한 가설을 설정한 후, 표본으로 선정된 사업부 단위의 234개 설문자료를 이용하여 이들 가설을 실증적으로 검정한다. 본 연구의 결과는 공급사슬 관리자에게 공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성을 구축하고 실행하는 데 있어서 전체 공급사슬에 걸쳐 프로세스를 연결하는 것이 높은 수준의 운영성과를 가져다준다는 실증적 증거를 제공한다. 이는 기업이 공급사슬네트워크에 민첩성을 체화할 때 내부 및 외부 프로세스 연결성에 대한 통찰력을 제공하는 것으로, 기업이 일단 내부 및 외부 프로세스연결성과 관련한 공급사슬네트워크의 취약성을 확인하면 공급사슬네트워크의 민첩성이 이를 감소시키거나 개선시키는 활동을 한다는 것을 보여준다. This study is to conceptualize the notion of agility of supply chain network and to examine the effect of its dimensions on operational performance. Drawing on literature streams in process-based perspective and dynamic capability theory, this study develops and tests the constructs and operational measures of agility of supply chain network and models the nomological set of relationships among constructs that form the basis of the proposed theory. This study then develops and tests a model describing the outcomes of agility of supply chain network and its influence on operational performance. Using data from 234 operational managers, this study tests for the effects of agility of supply chain network on exploitation activity and exploration activity and for the effects of agility of supply chain network on operational performance. Empirical results of this study show that it is possible and desirable for firms to strengthen exploitation and exploration practices simultaneously in order to enhance the agility of supply chain network and improve operational performance. These results provide insights for managers on the value of process connectivity when embedding agility of supply chain network. Specifically, this research demonstrates that improving the mutual understanding of processes between a buyer and its suppliers enables managers to detect failures more quickly, thereby contributing to the agility of the supply chain network and its responsiveness to their environmental changes.

한국기업의 브라질 운영모드 선택 결정요인: 비즈니스 네트워크 관점의 실증연구

이재혁(제1저자) ( Jay Hyuk Rhee ),김순성(교신저자) ( Soon Sung Kim ) 한국국제경영학회 2015 國際經營硏究 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구에서는 브라질에 진출할 때 한국기업들이 선택하는 운영모드의 결정요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 비즈니스 네트워크 관점에 근거하여, 기존의 해외 자회사를 통해 얻을 수 있는 혜택을 잘 활용할 수 있는 운영모드를 선택할 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다. 이를 위해, 구축되어 있는 비즈니스 네트워크를 지역 및 국가수준으로 구분하였으며, 운영모드는 국제화과정에서 자원의 투입 및 위험의 정도가 가장 큰 두 개의 모드, 즉 판매법인 모드와 생산법인 모드에 초점을 맞추었다. 1개 이상의 해외 자회사를 가진 241개의 한국기업을 대상으로 실증 분석한 결과, 기존의 해외자회사들을 통해 구축한 비즈니스 네트워크가 브라질 운영모드 선택에 미치는 영향은, 그 비즈니스 네트워크를 구축한 지역과 국가에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 추가분석의 결과, 지식이전에 대해서 문화적 거리가 지닐 수 있는 부정적 영향은 해외 비즈니스 네트워크의 심화 정도에 따라 감소 될 수도 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 실증결과는 국제화와 관련된 위험과 불확실성에 대처하기 위한 수단으로 해외 비즈니스 네트워크가 중요하며, 해외 비즈니스 네트워크와 지식이전의 관계를 연구함에 있어서 네트워크의 존재여부와 그 심화 정도를 함께 고려하는 것이 필요하다는 시사점을 제공해 주고 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of Korean firms` operational mode selection in Brazil. Based on business network perspectives, we have argued that firms may select operational modes that can utilize the benefits stemming from the existing business networks by its other subsidiaries. For this purpose, we have classified the existing business networks at the regional and the country levels, and focused on two types of operational modes through the establishment of sales or manufacturing subsidiaries. Based on the sample of 241 Korean firms that have more than one foreign subsidiary, we found that the effect of the existing business networks on the selection of certain operational modes varies depending on the location where the business network has been established. The robustness test revealed that the business network`s intensity may reduce the negative effect that cultural distance may have on the knowledge transfer through business network. Taken together, the results of this study indicate the importance of foreign business network as a means of dealing with risks and uncertainties inherent in internationalization, and emphasize the need to consider the existence and the intensity of foreign business network when investigating the relationship between business network and knowledge transfer.

Dynamic Control Method of Explicit Address Mapping Table in IPv6 Single-Stack Network

Yasunobu Toyota,Osamu Nakamura 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 APNOMS Vol.2020 No.09

In recent years, Internet Data Center (IDC) network operation with IPv6 single-stack gathers attention because of IPv4 address pool exhaustion and the high operational load associated with IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack. Since IPv4 traffic still accounts for a large percentage of the total Internet traffic, it is necessary to provide IPv4 services even in IPv6 single-stack networks. A method of providing IPv4 accessibility in an IPv6 single-stack network is known as IPv4 as a Service (IPv4aaS); there are three possible approaches. This research proves that IPv4/IPv6 translation is the most compatible and effective for IDC network operations. The SIIT-DC network design has been standardized as a way to provide IPv4 services with IPv4 / IPv6 Translation. In SIIT-DC, a translation node referred to as Border Relay (BR) is connected between the IPv4 Internet and an IPv6 IDC network in order to translate IPv4 and IPv6 mutually (in order to enable IPv4 service provision in IPv6 server). However, to operate an SIIT-DC network without the lack of redundancy and operational load spikes in multi-homing networks, the Explicit Address Mapping Table (EAMT) must be shared dynamically and consistently with BRs. This paper compares approaches to control EAMT dynamically in SIIT-DC environment and clarifies the benefits and drawbacks of each. The results are expected to contribute to the design of IPv6 single-stack networks in IDC.