염(鹽)의 종류(種類)에 따른 격염구(隔鹽灸)의 열전달(熱傳達) 특성(特性)에 관한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

이건목,이건휘,서은미,Lee, Geon-mok,Lee, Gun-hyee,Seo, Eun-mi 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxibustion with salt objectively, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with salt. Methods: We have selected of the moxibustion with salt of indirect moxibustion. We make a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with salt as a kind of the 4 salt. We examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa. Results: 1. We make out that it is not significantly change the time of thermal conduction of moxibustion with salt as a kind of 4 salt. 2. The heating period of Refined Salt was long and that of Sun-dried Salt was a short time respectively. The heating period of maximum tamperature is high Sun-dried Salt, Mechanical Salt and Refined Salt orderly. Maximun heating speed in the heating period was $0.151{\sim}0.184^{\circ}C/sec$ and at the same tendency of the maximum temperature in the heating period. 3. The retaining period was shorter than the heating period respectively, that is 15~24% of the combustion time of in the heating period. We make out that it is not significantly different the time of the retaining period as a kind of 4 salt. The mean temperature of retaining period was $43.2{\sim}48.1^{\circ}C$, that was extraordinarily high temperature. 4. We make out that it is not significantly different the time of the cooling period as a kind of 4 salt. The cooling period was measured 223~233sec. Beacuse the same density and size of moxa combustion was made an experiment. 5. The effective combustion time of Refined Salt is longer(259sec) than that of Sun-dried Salt(173sec). It is significantly different the time of the combustion time as a kind of 4 salt. 6. It is significantly different the Sample deviation of the combustion time as a kind of 4 salt because of the water content of the 4 salt individually. Conclusions: As the base on this study, we obtained the conclusion as the follows. The salt of moxibustion with salt was fitted for Sun-dried Salt due to making to Mechanical Salt recently. The Refined Salt is composition rate to another and small size comparatively. So It was fitted for the salt of moxibustion with salt. It is necessary to study continuously about the more suitable moxibustion with salt and quantitative analysis about the moxibustion with salt.

A Proposal of Both Use of Direct Moxibustion and Electro-Moxibustion for Cancer Treatment Moxibustion

Jo, Bong Kwan,Jeon, Soo Hyung,Kim, Jong Won The Society of Korean Medicine 2017 대한한의학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: We here do propose that cancer treatment moxibustion should be used both direct moxibustion and electro-moxibustion simultaneously. Methods: Electro-moxibustion is used in $38^{\circ}C$ low-heat level and it will help to raise parasympathetic and to bring stability of mentality. Direct moxibustion is used in rice size and will help to raise sympathetic and to induce visceral reflection and visceral motion. Results: Electro-moxibustion increased average body heat by $+2.51^{\circ}C$ and kept patients from suffering pains. Direct moxibustion increased average body heat by $+1.2^{\circ}C$ by meridian point-internal organs reflection. Conclusions: Both use of direct moxibustion and electro-moxibustion simultaneously will be superior to the only either direct moxibustion or electro-moxibustion for cancer treatment moxibustion.

Thermal Properties of Direct and Indirect Moxibustion

Seung-Ho Yi 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.4

Moxibustion therapy chiefly utilizes heat generated by the combustion of moxa. Therefore, understanding the thermal properties of moxibustion is essential when studying the mechanisms involved in moxibustion therapy. Therefore, we measured temperatures of direct and indirect moxibustion. For indirect moxibustion, moxibustion on garlic was used. To determine the influence of the environment on moxibustion, we applied airflow of 0.0−0.8 m/s. An increase in the airflow caused a concomitant increase in the maximum temperature of direct moxibustion, from 160 to 300℃ and the time duration was reduced by half. However, the maximum temperature of indirect moxibustion demonstrated the opposite effect, with the temperature decreasing from 45 to 40℃. This is attributed to the upstream airflow, which indicates the importance of the air inside moxa. For indirect moxibustion using garlic slices of different thicknesses, we found the optimum condition for the buffer layer of a garlic slice. The maximum number of consecutive moxibustions using one garlic slice was three. These results are consistent with traditional methods. This observation illustrates that the importance of garlic slices in modulating the combustion heat and proper thermal stimulus to the patient. Moxibustion therapy chiefly utilizes heat generated by the combustion of moxa. Therefore, understanding the thermal properties of moxibustion is essential when studying the mechanisms involved in moxibustion therapy. Therefore, we measured temperatures of direct and indirect moxibustion. For indirect moxibustion, moxibustion on garlic was used. To determine the influence of the environment on moxibustion, we applied airflow of 0.0−0.8 m/s. An increase in the airflow caused a concomitant increase in the maximum temperature of direct moxibustion, from 160 to 300℃ and the time duration was reduced by half. However, the maximum temperature of indirect moxibustion demonstrated the opposite effect, with the temperature decreasing from 45 to 40℃. This is attributed to the upstream airflow, which indicates the importance of the air inside moxa. For indirect moxibustion using garlic slices of different thicknesses, we found the optimum condition for the buffer layer of a garlic slice. The maximum number of consecutive moxibustions using one garlic slice was three. These results are consistent with traditional methods. This observation illustrates that the importance of garlic slices in modulating the combustion heat and proper thermal stimulus to the patient.

금구혈(禁灸穴)에 관한 문헌적 고찰

김광성 ( Kwang Sung Kim ),이병렬 ( Byung Ryul Lee ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyoung Yim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Objective: To increase the safety of moxibustion by understanding moxibustion-prohibited points` distinguishing features through literary inquiry. Method: We searched for moxibustion-prohibited points in Traditional Oriental Medical literature. Results: 1. Upon the advancement of moxibustion technique, the numbers of moxibustion-prohibited points increased. 2. Both Foot Meridians and Hand Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. Both Yin Meridians and Yang Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. 3. The face has the highest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. The Back has the lowest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. 4. We research 80 moxibustion-prohibited points and find 31 moxibustion-prohibitive reasons. A key reasons is that heating effect of moxibustion damages tissues, organs and meridian functions. There are also cases where the moxibustion-prohibited points can be designated upon the patients condition. Conclusions: We could learn the distinguishing characteristics of moxibustion-prohibited points from this study. These results suggest that the treatment of moxibustion is more useful and safe.

A Proposal of Both Use of Direct Moxibustion and Electro-Moxibustion for Cancer Treatment Moxibustion

Bong Kwan Jo,Soo Hyung Jeon,Jong Won Kim 대한한의학회 2017 대한한의학회지 Vol.38 No.4

한방용 뜸기구 표준화 동향

남연경 ( Yeon Kyeong Nam ),김청수 ( Cheoung Su Kim ),( Piao Quanyu ),양승범 ( Seung Bum Yang ),김재효 ( Jae-hyo Kim ),권오상 ( O Sang Kwon ) 경락경혈학회 2023 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.40 No.4

Objectives : Moxibustion-related standards have been established by organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Korean Standards Association (KSA), among others. Methods : We summarized moxibustion-related standards that have been published by ISO and KSA. Results : Technical Committees 249 (ISO/TC 249), which was established in 2009, has been established moxibustion devices standards in working group (WG) 4. International standards have been established for moxibustion devices, smokeless moxibustion devices, moxa floss quality, and electric heating moxibustion equipment. Work on international standards for infrared moxibustion-like instruments and moxibustion device terminology is currently in progress. Conclusions : Korea has taken a central role establishing international standards for a wide range of moxibustion devices, supported by fundamental research data in this field. To continue its influence in establishing these international standards, further studies providing the basis for moxibustion device standardization are required.

A Proposal of Both Use of Direct Moxibustion and Electro-Moxibustion for Cancer Treatment Moxibustion

조봉관,전수형,김종원 대한한의학회 2017 대한한의학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: We here do propose that cancer treatment moxibustion should be used both direct moxibustion and electro-moxibustion simultaneously. Methods: Electro-moxibustion is used in 38℃ low-heat level and it will help to raise parasympathetic and to bring stability of mentality. Direct moxibustion is used in rice size and will help to raise sympathetic and to induce visceral reflection and visceral motion. Results: Electro-moxibustion increased average body heat by + 2.51℃ and kept patients from suffering pains. Direct moxibustion increased average body heat by + 1.2℃ by meridian point-internal organs reflection. Conclusions: Both use of direct moxibustion and electro-moxibustion simultaneously will be superior to the only either direct moxibustion or electro-moxibustion for cancer treatment moxibustion.

피부 열전도 온도에 근거를 둔 거짓 뜸 개발 및 평가 연구

장민기,윤은혜,정찬영,변혁,김은정,김경호,김갑성,이승덕 대한침구의학회 2010 대한침구의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Background : To demonstrate the efficacy of moxibustion therapy, randomized controled trials are required. But, clinical trials of moxibustion had limitations due to the absence of a sham moxibustion model for an appropriate placebo. Objectives : To develop a new sham moxibustion model based on the thermal characteristics of commercial indirect moxibustion, especially temperature, and to evaluate whether it could be applied in clinical trials. Methods : By applying heat insulation, we created a sham moxibustion device that was indis- tinguishable from a real one with the naked eye. It also stimulated heat but had inert remedial value. A clinical trial was performed on subjects to test double blinding. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, a treatment group and a sham group. Acupoint Zusanli(ST36) was used in each group for 3 times. A sham acupuncture credibility questionnaire was modified into a moxibustion credibility questionnaire and was filled out after treatment. Results : No major difference was detected in the subjects’ baseline data. Most subjects and practitioners could not distinguish the sham moxibustion device from the real one. But, subjects who had experience of moxibustion therapy more likely to distinguish the sham moxibustion device from the real one than subjects who didn’t have experience of moxibustion therapy. The treatment group showed a significant difference in the VAS(Visual Analog Scale) for intensity of sensation during treatment than that of the sham group. Conclusions : The sham moxibustion device in this study is proved sufficient and credible to be applied in investigations of the effect of moxibustion. But it is more appropriate for the people who don’t have experience of moxibustion therapy.

연소식 灸치료와 전자식 灸치료의 선호도에 대한 비교연구

지민정,황민혁,임성철,김재수,이현종,이봉효,정태영,서정철,이윤규 대한침구의학회 2014 대한침구의학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of this study is reporting to compare the preference of combustible moxibustion and electronic moxibustion. Methods : 31 patients were treated by combustible moxibustion in the morning and electronic moxibustion in the afternoon for 1 day. After they were treated by each moxibustions treatment, filled out questionnaire. We repeated the above process for 3 days. And we analyzed questionnaire statistically. Results : Heat sensitivity of electronic moxibustion has statistical significance. Sex and age have no statistical significances. Heat sensitivity and persistency of combustible moxibustion, heat persistency of electronic moxibustion also have no statistical significances. Satisfaction and smoke of moxibustion have correlation to moxibustion preference. Conclusions : Heat sensitivity of electronic moxibustion, satisfaction and smoke of moxibustion have correlation to moxibustion preference.

가짜뜸 개발 및 Masking test

박지은(Park ji-eun),한창현(Han chang-hyun),강경원(Kang Kyung-won),신미숙(Shin mi-suk),오달석(Oh dal-seok),최선미(Choi sun-mi) 한국한의학연구원 2007 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.13 No.1

TObjectives: Develop a sham moxibustion and determine whether subjects can distinguish a sham moxibustion from a real moxibustion. Design: Single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial Methods: Sham and real moxibustion resemble each other in appearance, burning procedure, but the base of the sham moxibustion isolates the moxa-producing heat and smoke. This device was tested in a clinical trial in which subjects received moxibustion at Zhongwan( CV12), Mingmen(GV4), Quchi(LI11), Zusanli(ST36), Taichong(LR3)), Hegu(LI4). Volunteers(n=32) were given pre-treatment questionnaire to assess their experience in getting moxibustion therapy and performing it. They randomized into treatment(n=16) or sham controlled group(n=16), received moxibustion according their groups. After treatments, the effectiveness of blinding was assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in sex, age, moxibustion experience. In the treatment group and the sham group, the number of subjects who believed they received real moxibustion or sham is not different significantly(P=.668) The consistency of a moxibustion type which subjects received actually and the their guess about that, isn't different significantly in two groups. (P=.465) Conclusion: The sham moxibustion was successfully validated in this study, The results demonstrate that this sham moxibustion blinds subjects and can be used as effective placebo-control in moxibustion clinical trials.