壁畵에 나타난 高句麗의 머리모양과 化粧文化

金容文(KIM Yong-moon),姜淳第(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2004 고구려발해연구 Vol.17 No.-

On the wall paintings of the Koguryo remains shows men who are wearing official hats. Most of them were displayed wearing a single topknot and in the Gipan, military officials, wrestlers, and strong men appeared with double topknots. There are various types of hairstyle of woman shown on me wall paintings of me Koguryo remains. It is divided into 4 main types of hairstyle, me high knotted hairstyle, backed hairstyle, tied hairstyle, and twin-knotted hairstyle. The knotted hairstyle is again divided into me twist-knotted hairstyle and loop-knotted hairstyle. In this case, a wig is used in me loop-knotted hairstyle. A wig which is put on top of a knotted hair is called a Hwan-gae. These kind of hair style with 2~3 loops could be seen on me women pictured on me wall paintings of Anak # 1 ruin, Anak # 3 ruin, Yak-su-ri wall painting ruin, and Gam-shin-chong ruin. Most of me maiden women were displayed with tied hairstyle while married women with back-knotted hairstyle on the wall paintings of Ssang-yong-chong. On the wall painting of Mo-yong-chong, women who were carrying food ere doing the high knotted hairstyle, which was no different with the hairstyle of the Josun dynasty. It is similar to modem women hairstyles. The way it leveled its outer part of the hair is similar to me hairstyle of me women on me Takamaschuka wall painting of Japan. There are also side lowered hairstyles, hood, and hair bands worn by me women on me paintings. A Gungik is not a hwadwear but a adornment worn by noble women. It is a wig made with real hair to be exact. The hairstyle shown on me paintings of me cross-knotted hairstyle of North Wei and Anak #3 ruin are identical and the wall paintings in me Pyongyang area shows that me neighboring countries gave some influence. Since Pyongyang was influenced by foreign styles huge wigs with fancy shapes were the trend at that time. It took a great deal of time and cost for these kinds of hairstyle, and this is evidence that Goguryo was economically and politically stable at that time. The wall paintings in the Gipan area shows that noble women usually tied or knotted their hair. The reason for this is because there were many nomadic tribes in that area. The hairstyle of Goguryo in the 4th~5th century was up-style and decorative. In the 6th century, the hairstyles became lowered, simple, and covered by a pigtail or just tied back. As you can see, the 4th~5th century Goguryo period was influenced by the Han dynasty and in the 6th century by the Northern natives. Cosmetic is an act of modifying and making up ones features so they can correspond with the agreed elements of beauty of that period and culture. The women in the wall paintings of Anak #3 ruin, Chun-wang-ji-shin-chong, Sosanri, Ssang-yong-chong shows that they used lipsticks and eyebrow cosmetics, which is evidence that there were actually cosmetics during that period. In the wall paintings of Koguryo, you can see that the women colored their eyebrows black and used rouge and lipstick for their lips. It is assessed that they also used perfumed oil and gluing substances such as oil or grass for their hair. Cosmetics developed because of the influence of Buddhism and cultural ideologies. This lead to the popularization of perfumeries and bathing. Cosmetics are identical to the 'spirit and the fresh' ideology and is based on the taboo of shamanism.

여성의 생활만족도와 헤어스타일행동 및 헤어스타일 이미지 선호의 관계 연구

노선옥(Sun Ok Noh),이명희(Myoung Hee Lee) 한국복식학회 2012 服飾 Vol.62 No.7

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the hairstyle behavior, hairstyle image preference and life satisfaction of women in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, and to examine the differences of the hairstyle behavior, hairstyle image preference, and preferred hairstyle according to demographic variables. The research method was a survey method using a questionnaire. Total of 674 women in their 20s, 30s, and 40s were tested, 309 of whom residing in the Seoul metropolitan area, with the remaining 365 residing in Gangweon-Do. Life satisfaction factors such as socio-economic satisfaction, happiness, and physical satisfaction significantly influenced the women`s hairstyle behavior. The women with higher level of physical satisfaction had higher level of conformity, individuality, fashion, and interpersonal orientation of hairstyle. It also showed that the higher the level of socio-economic satisfaction meant greater preference for graceful hairstyle images. As well as the level of happiness correlated with the preference for feminine and sophisticated hairstyle images. The women who preferred long layered wave hairstyles liked feminine, natural, and sophisticated hairstyle images. The women in their late 40s had higher interpersonal orientation of hairstyle than those in their early 20s and 30s. Overall, a natural hairstyle image was favored the most, whereas a unique image was favored the least.

인구통계적 특성에 따른 선호 헤어스타일 및 헤어추구이미지와의 관계: 미용실 방문객을 중심으로

김선미 ( Sun Mi Kim ),하경연 ( Kyung Yun Ha ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2014 패션 비즈니스 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to find out the difference between preferred hairstyle and pursued-image of hairstyle according to demographic characteristics. The method of this study is a content analysis and survey research using a questionnaire, which consisted of items of pursued-image of hairstyle, preferred hairstyle and demographic characteristics. 450 women were selected as subjects of this study; they were randomly selected from hair salon located in Seoul, Inchon and Bundang. For the material analysis, We used the statistical program of SPSS 12.0; frequencies, factornalysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan`s multiple range test, T Test and χ2 Test were carried out as the methods of analysis. The research findings were as follows. First, there sults of hairstyles according to the content analysis usually resulted 5 hairstyles, such as cuts and crew cut, bobbed hair, long layered hair styles and nonelayered long hairstyles. Second, under the survey regarding the difference of preferred hairstyle and pursued-image of hairstyle according to demographic characteristics. variety of hairstyles due to the subjects were more willing to try a consciousness about other`s suggestions and how they are portrayed. Moreover a low level of education was related to a attempting a variety of styles, considering their social life. 67Subjects with higher age, education level and salary preferred a glamorous image as well as crew cuts. Which made them look younger. However, when they were younger, they preferred long none layered hair styles. In conclusion, age, average monthly income and education level are important variations affecting the property of change in hairstyles and pursued-image of hairstyles.

African women’s hairstyles as communication media - A comparison between young and old women’s hairstyles -

Kindavyi Lorraine,Kwon Young Suk 복식문화학회 2015 服飾文化硏究 Vol.23 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine the different communication messages behind African women’s hairstyles, and to compare young and old African women’s hairstyles. The contents of this research are: the hairstyle as communication media, the types of African women’s hairstyles, and the difference between young and old women’s hairstyles. We used a review of literature and an empirical study as the research methods for this study. For the literature review, we used papers on African hairstyles, and we linked hairstyles to corresponding communication. For the empirical study, we took a database of 240 pictures (120 pictures of young women and 120 pictures of old women) from websites related to African hairstyles and we analyzed the pictures to differentiate between young and old African women’s hairstyles. The results of this study reveal that African women’s hairstyles express messages of power, ceremony, and status and identification communication. Within the 240 pictures, we found out which hairstyles are preferred by young and old women. Young African women prefer long, straight hairstyles and artificial hair (wigs), while old women keep short, natural hairstyles. The result of this research will be useful for understanding African women’s hairstyles as well as contribute to the field of hair design.

African women's hairstyles as communication media - A comparison between young and old women's hairstyles -

Lorraine, Kindavyi,Suk, Kwon Young The Costume Culture Association 2015 服飾文化硏究 Vol.23 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine the different communication messages behind African women's hairstyles, and to compare young and old African women's hairstyles. The contents of this research are: the hairstyle as communication media, the types of African women's hairstyles, and the difference between young and old women's hairstyles. We used a review of literature and an empirical study as the research methods for this study. For the literature review, we used papers on African hairstyles, and we linked hairstyles to corresponding communication. For the empirical study, we took a database of 240 pictures (120 pictures of young women and 120 pictures of old women) from websites related to African hairstyles and we analyzed the pictures to differentiate between young and old African women's hairstyles. The results of this study reveal that African women's hairstyles express messages of power, ceremony, and status and identification communication. Within the 240 pictures, we found out which hairstyles are preferred by young and old women. Young African women prefer long, straight hairstyles and artificial hair (wigs), while old women keep short, natural hairstyles. The result of this research will be useful for understanding African women's hairstyles as well as contribute to the field of hair design.

African women`s hairstyles as communication media-A comparison between young and old women`s hairstyles-

( Kindavyi Lorraine ),( Kwon Young Suk ) 복식문화학회 2015 服飾文化硏究 Vol.23 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine the different communication messages behind African women`s hairstyles, and to compare young and old African women`s hairstyles. The contents of this research are: the hairstyle as communication media, the types of African women`s hairstyles, and the difference between young and old women`s hairstyles. We used a review of literature and an empirical study as the research methods for this study. For the literature review, we used papers on African hairstyles, and we linked hairstyles to corresponding communication. For the empirical study, we took a database of 240 pictures (120 pictures of young women and 120 pictures of old women) from websites related to African hairstyles and we analyzed the pictures to differentiate between young and old African women`s hairstyles. The results of this study reveal that African women`s hairstyles express messages of power, ceremony, and status and identification communication. Within the 240 pictures, we found out which hairstyles are preferred by young and old women. Young African women prefer long, straight hairstyles and artificial hair (wigs), while old women keep short, natural hairstyles. The result of this research will be useful for understanding African women`s hairstyles as well as contribute to the field of hair design.

선호헤어스타일의 이미지 차이 및 앞머리 디자인 요소의 선호도 연구

강평미 한국피부과학연구원 2014 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.12 No.3

This study attempted to analyze the image differences among preferred hairstyles and the factors influencing the preference for a bang design hairstyle. In this study, the following results were obtained: This study showed that with regard to preferred hairstyles by age, those in their 20s wanted attractive and charming hairstyles while those in their 30s preferred more urban and modern hairstyles. In contrast, those in the older age group liked unusual and gentle hairstyles. When classified by gender, women natural, refined, elegant, lively and intelligent styles while men lovely, preferred manly hairstyles. When categorized by educational background, those with graduate school or above loved refined, neat, modern and attractive hairstyles while those with junior college wanted lively and lovely styles. Those with high school or below enjoyed young and active styles. In terms of domain which has an effect on the image of preferred hairstyles and the other domain which can easily change the image, they were expressed in bang hairstyles by gender, educational background, occupation and age. This study also showed that demographic variables were an important factor when determining the preference for a bang hairstyle with the styles with hair on the forehead, sides or back being preferred. Regarding the position of the parting, respondents preferred their hair parted on the left and additionally preferred the length of the hair to be up to eyebrows/middle of the forehead. The study also showed that tiled and horizontal bang styles were popular. When it came to hair color, brown and black were mostly loved. In terms of the image of bang hairstyles, a natural curl was preferred. This study is significant as the results would be useful in creating charming bang styles and can also be used as the basic data for the development of wig designs.

모더니즘의 미학적 관점에서의 현대 보브 헤어스타일의 특성 분석

최소영 ( So-young Choi ),이순재 ( Soon-jae Lee ) 한국미용학회 2016 한국미용학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study looked into the characteristics and significance of the bob hairstyle from the three aesthetic viewpoints of essential purity, technical composition, and free will, which are characteristic of modernist arts. As for the research methods, theoretical studies, which center on previous studies and domestic and foreign professional books on modernist arts, and the hairstyle, and empirical studies, which center on the photographs and pictures of books on the arts, fashion and beauty. The results of this study are as follows: First, the characteristics of the bob hairstyle that reveals essential purity found expression in its visually clear and pure form, with details being restrained by the linear shape and a tendency to eliminate ornament. Second, the modernist characteristics of its technical composition found expression in the revolutionary haircut lines of geometric formative beauty in the bob hairstyle. In addition, the standardization of the hairdo made it possible to design its cutting according to a rational and planned procedure, and to select bob hairstyles of practical designs according to purposes. Third, the bob hairstyle as the expression of free will was the expression of an innovative inclination as a social antithesis, and appeared as a hairstyle that expressed bisexual images by introducing elements of the images of the De-gendering. The bob hairstyle is directly related to modern people``s attention and desire resulting from changes in thinking made against the background of modernism. This Study is significance in that it revealed the nature of hairstyle as Basic Value in the Socio-cultural Contex.

African women’s hairstyles as communication media - A comparison between young and old women’s hairstyles -

킨다비로레인,권영숙 복식문화학회 2015 服飾文化硏究 Vol.23 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine the different communication messages behind African women’s hairstyles, and to compare young and old African women’s hairstyles. The contents of this research are: the hairstyle as communication media, the types of African women’s hairstyles, and the difference between young and old women’s hairstyles. We used a review of literature and an empirical study as the research methods for this study. For the literature review, we used papers on African hairstyles, and we linked hairstyles to corresponding communication. For the empirical study, we took a database of 240 pictures (120 pictures of young women and 120 pictures of old women) from websites related to African hairstyles and we analyzed the pictures to differentiate between young and old African women’s hairstyles. The results of this study reveal that African women’s hairstyles express messages of power, ceremony, and status and identification communication. Within the 240 pictures, we found out which hairstyles are preferred by young and old women. Young African women prefer long, straight hairstyles and artificial hair (wigs), while old women keep short, natural hairstyles. The result of this research will be useful for understanding African women’s hairstyles as well as contribute to the field of hair design.

둥근형 얼굴에 어울리는 메이크업과 헤어스타일에 관한 연구

최은미 ( En Mi Choi ),양정순 ( Jeong Sun Yang ),김유미 ( Yu Mi Kim ),이윤진 ( Yun Jin Lee ),김기영 ( Ki Young Kim ) 대한미용학회 2010 대한미용학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The most common face shape of Korean women is round, but it is not enough information and data of suitable makeup and hairstyle for the round face. In this study, patterns and recognition of suitable makeup and hairstyle were investigated. A twenty years old woman was selected for round face model and received agreement for experiment. 24 position on face were observed for the proof of round shape face by direct and indirect measurement such as somatoscopy and somatometry. And 4 season makeup and 3 different hairstyls wig were tried on the model, and make photos for questionaire about image recognition of suitable and unsuitable makeup and hairstyle in common group and makeup specialist group. In the result, the ratio of physioganomic face height (18.6 cm) and bizygion breadth (13.9cm) is 1:1.34 and it is lower than Korean standard ratio 1:1.37. Common group people recognized mild image in no makeup state and natural image in usual makeup and hairstyle. Spring makeup is suitable as natural image, but winter makeup is unnatural image for unsuitable. Suitable hairstyle is long hair as stylish and unsuitable is short hair as loutish. Specialist group people were feel as innocent in no makeup and cute in usual makeup. Spring makeup is suitable as innocent image and unsuitable fall makeup as dark. Suitable hairstyle is short hair as sporty and unsuitable is middle hair as loutish. The significantly recognition of suitable makeup and hairstyle was observed between common group and specialist group. Improvement effect of image was shown after try of 4 season makeup and 3 hair style in common and specialist group. In conclusion, spring makeup may be suitable but may be recommend no long hairstyle for round face women.