충남지역 NGO의 활동특성과 네트워크 중심성 결정요인

이관률(李官律),도묘연(都妙年) 한국지방자치학회 2016 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 충남지역 NGO를 사례로 하여 NGO의 활동특성과 네트워크의 중심성 결정요인을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 충남지역 3개 신문검색 통해 자료를 구축하고, NGO의 활동특성과 네트워크의 중심성 결정요인을 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 충남지역 NGO의 활동특성을 살펴보면, 연평균 1.34회 활동을 하고 있다. 이들 활동은 주로 서비스적 활동, 협력적 활동, 1회에 6개 이상의 단체와 협력, 시군 중심의 활동, 대상 측면에서 대중지향적 활동, 방식 측면에서 비제도적 활동이다. 둘째, 연결중심성의 결정요인을 분석해 보면, 외향적 연결중심성에는 협력활동의 비중(+), 활동횟수(+), 협력기관수(+), 비NGO 협력단체 비중(-)이 영향을 미친다. 반면 내향적 연결중심성에는 활동횟수(+)와 비NGO 협력단체 비중(-)이 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 인접중심성의 결정요인을 분석해 보면, 외향적 인접중심성에는 비제도적 방식의 활동비중(+), 대중지향적 대상의 활동비중(+), 협력활동의 비중(+), 비NGO 협력단체 비중(+). 협력기관수(-)가 영향을 미친다. 그리고 내향적 인접중심성에는 비제도적 방식의 활동비중(+), 대중지향적 대상의 활동비중(+). 시군단위 활동비중(+), 서비스적 활동비중(-)이 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 사이중심성에는 활동횟수(+)와 협력기관수(+)만이 영향을 미친다. The purpose of this study is to look into NGOs in Chungnam region an example to investigate the activity characteristics of NGO cooperative network as well as its centrality determination factors. To this end, three kinds of Chungnam regional newspapers were analyzed and database was established to identify NGO activity characteristics and network centrality determination factors. Main findings of this study are as follows; First, in terms of the activity characteristics of NGOs in the Chungnam region, they were found to show 1.34 times of activity on average annually. These activities include mostly service activities, cooperative activities, cooperation with 6 or more groups at once, local activities, inside strategy activities in their target and non-institutional activities in their methodology. Second, degree-centrality determination factors were analyzed. The out-degree centrality was found to affect cooperative activity share (+), activity frequency (+), number of cooperation agencies (+), and share of non-NGO cooperative agencies (-). On the other hand, the in-degree centrality was found to affect the activity frequency (+) and share of non-NGO cooperative agencies (-). Third, closeness-centrality determination factors were analyzed. The out-closeness centrality was affected by the share of non-institutional activity (+), share of inside strategy activity (+), share of cooperative activity (+), share of non-NGO cooperative agencies (+), and number of cooperative agencies (-). The in-closeness centrality was found to be affected by the share of non-institutional activity (+), share of inside strategy activity (+), share of local activity (+), and share of service activity (-). Forth, the betweenness centrality was affected by activity frequency (+) and share of cooperative activity.

한국 시・군・구의 네트워크 중심성 측정

서영창,최원회 한국지도학회 2018 한국지도학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study is a measurement of the network centrality of siㆍgunㆍgu in Korea. For this purpose, this study measured the size of centrality between 229 city, county or district areas across the country in the form of score using an origin-destination matrix based upon the commuting data of 229 cities, counties or districts of the ‘Population and Housing Census’ conducted by KOSTAT (Korea Statistics) in 2015. In this study the centrality scores of 229 city, county or district areas across the country were measured because previous studies have never conducted a centrality investigation on all 229 city, county or district areas across the country. The centralities measured in this study were degree centrality, eigen vector centrality and Bonacich beta centrality. Among these centralities, the Bonacich beta centrality is the generalization of degree centrality and eigen vector centrality. In this study the result values of degree centrality, eigen vector centrality and Bonacich beta centrality were compared, as a result it was appeared clearly that the relationship between areas was not complementary but competitive unlike previous studies. Especially, if the relationship between areas is not complementary but competitive, it was found that a result value of centrality with high objectivity is obtained by measuring with the Bonacich beta () centrality. 본 연구의 목적은 ‘한국 시·군·구의 네트워크 중심성 측정’이다. 이러한 연구목적의 달성을 위해 전국 229개 시·군·구 간의중심성 크기를 ‘2015년 인구주택총조사’의 전국 229개 시·군·구의 통근통행 O-D 행렬을 이용하여 점수 형태로 측정하였다. 본연구에서 전국 229개 시·군·구를 대상으로 중심성 점수를 측정한 것은 기존의 연구 중에는 전국 229개 시·군·구 전체를 대상으로조사한 사례가 없기 때문이다. 본 연구에서 측정한 중심성은 세가지인데, 연결정도 중심성과 고유벡터 중심성, 그리고 연결정도중심성과 고유벡터 중심성을 일반화시킨 보나시치 베타 중심성이 그것들이다. 본 연구에서 연결정도 중심성, 고유벡터 중심성및 β<0인 보나시치 베타 중심성을 사용하여 전국 229개 시·군·구의 세가지 중심성을 구하고, 이 세가지 중심성의 결과값을비교한 결과, 지역 간 상호관계는 기존 연구에서 나타난 상호보완적 관계가 아니라 상호경쟁적 관계임이 명확하게 드러났다. 특히, 지역 간 상호관계가 상호경쟁적 관계일 경우 보나시치 베타(β<0) 중심성으로 측정하여야 정확성이 높은 중심성 결과값을얻을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

A Study on the Research Trends of Big Data at Public Libraries : with a Focus on the Journal “Public Library Quarterly”

이성신,김현숙,백수민,윤수빈 건국대학교 GLOCAL(글로컬)캠퍼스 지식콘텐츠연구소 2022 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.12 No.-

This study aims to analyze the Big Data-related research trends in thefield of public library by using the social network analytical method. One hundred seventeen articles published in the journal ‘Public Library Quarterly’ were analyzed with author keywords and the frequency, degree centrality, while the betweenness centrality of the keywords were examined. The keywords “programs” and “community development” demonstrated the highest degree of centrality. The keywords “programs”, “strategic planning”, “community development”, “future of libraries”, “outreach”, and “evaluation” posted a high degree of centrality and betweenness centrality. The keywords “measurement”, “survey”, “community partnerships”, and “community engagement” demonstrated a high degree of centrality but not a high betweenness centrality. Meanwhile, the keywords “planning”, “marketing”, “community needs”, and “community building” demonstrated a high betweenness centrality but not a high degree centrality. Based on the results of this study, public libraries should focus on the following directions of research when focusing on the Big Data. First, as mentioned in the above, a more in-depth discussion is needed regarding COVID-19 and social media. Second, the academic interest in the Big Data related education and training for the public librarians and educational contents is needed. Third, public libraries should think about the ways to efficiently perform their roles as a local data center, including their cooperation with other organizations in their local community.

국회의원 선거 시기 지역언론에 나타난 정치유력자는 누구인가? : 네트워크 중심성 결정요인 분석

김정연 ( Jeongyeon Kim ) 국민대학교 사회과학연구소 2023 社會科學硏究 Vol.35 No.2

이 연구는 선거 시기 뉴스미디어에 나타난 유력한 정치적 행위자는 누구인지, 유력한 행위자의 네트워크 중심성에 영향을 주는 행위자 속성은 무엇인지 분석했다. 제20대 및 제21대 국회의원 선거 사례를 대상으로, 공식 선거운동 기간 동안 전국 6개 권역 지역언론의 뉴스 총 14,867건을 수집, 네트워크 분석방법 중 연결중심성(Degree Centrality) 척도를 활용했으며, 연결중심성 상위 정치행위자들의 성별, 선수(Seniority), 집권당, 현직자 재직 여부, 지역 기반 출신 변수가 네트워크 중심성에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 대통령, 당 대표, 다선 의원 등 지역언론에서도 전국적 인지도를 확보한 대중 정치인이 네트워크 상 유력자로 노출됨을 확인했다. 정치행위자 속성과 네트워크 중심성의 인과관계를 살펴본 결과 제20대 및 제21대 국회의원 선거 시기 다선의원일수록 연결중심성이 증가하는 패턴을 보였고, 지역 출신 인사인 경우 연결중심성이 높았다. 제20대 국회의원 선거 시기 집권여당 소속이 아닌 경우 연결중심성이 낮아지는 패턴을 관찰했다. This study investigates which influential political agents appeared in the news media during an election period and what agent attributes affect the network centrality of these influential political agents. From the 20th and 21st National Assembly elections, cases of political agents were extracted who appeared in the local news media during the official election campaign period. In the election process, local news media play the role of a public forum leading local public opinion and are characterized by close adherence to local residents. This study applied the degree centrality scale to measure influential agents on the network appearing in local news media and examined whether the gender, seniority, ruling party affiliation, current post status, and local basis variables of political agents with high degree centrality affect their network centrality. Analysis results showed a pattern of increased degree centrality in national assembly members who had been elected for many terms during the 20th and 21st National Assembly elections. The degree centrality was high for political figures from the region during the 20th and 21st National Assembly election. Also, The degree centrality was low for political agents belonging to the opposition party during the 20th National Assembly election.

사회연결망 분석을 이용한 사회복지조직 연결망의 구조적 특성에 관한 연구

박현주 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.1

사회연결망 분석을 이용한 사회복지조직 연결망의 구조적 특성에 관한 연구박 현 주* 요약: 본 연구는 사회연결망분석 기법을 사용하여 사회복지조직의 연결망의 구조적 특성과 중심성 지표들을 분석하고자 한다. 연구 방법 및 내용으로 D광역시의 사회복지조직들과 각 조직들간의 연결의 정도와 중심성을 준연결망 기법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 연구의 결과, 사회복지조직 즉 참여 노드는 총 869개이며, 디그리의 총합은 2,844개이며, 평균디그리는 3.273이다. 전체 연결망의 특성을 나타내는 중심성지표로 연결정도중심성, 매개중심성, 근접중심성을 분석하였다. 연결정도중심성과 매개중심성에는 복지행정조직이 상위였고, 근접중심성에는 민간지원조직들이 상위였다. 결론 및 시사점으로 사회복지조직의 사회연결망 분석은 각 사회복지조직들이 어떻게 연결되고 기능하는지는 보여주는 지표로 활용할 수 있다. 핵심어: 사회연결망 분석, 사회복지조직, 연결망의 구조적 특성, 노드와 디그리, 중심성값 □ 접수일: 2022년 1월 18일, 수정일: 2022년 2월 6일, 게재확정일: 2022년 2월 20일* 충남대학교 사회복지학과 박사수료(Completion of Doctoral Course, Chungnam National Univ., Email: joopark@cnu.ac.kr) A Study on the Structural Characteristics of Social WelfareOrganization Networks Using SNAHyunjoo Park Abstract: This study intends to analyze the structural characteristics and centrality indicators of the networks of social welfare organizations by using the social network analysis technique. As a research method and content, the degree and centrality of connection between social welfare organizations in D metropolitan city and each organization were analyzed by applying the quasi-network technique. As a result of the study, there are a total of 869 social welfare organizations, that is, participating nodes, and the total number of degrees is 2,844, and the average degree is 3.273. As the centrality index indicating the characteristics of the entire network, the degree centrality, the betweenness centrality, and the closeness centrality were analyzed. Welfare administration organizations ranked higher in degree centrality and betweenness centrality, and private support organizations ranked higher in closeness centrality. As a conclusion and implications, the SNA of social welfare organizations can be used as an indicator to show how each social welfare organization is connected and functions. Key Words: Social Network Analysis, Social Welfare Organization, Structural Characteristics of Network, Node and Degree, Centrality Value

Trade Competence Reinforcement Strategywith Trade Network Analysis: Focused on ASEAN and KOREA

Chunsu Lee 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2020 무역금융보험연구 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 ASEAN 10개국과 한국에 대한 네트워크 중심성 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 교역량 증대로 무역의 발전 가능성 및 경쟁력을 내포하고 있는 연결정도 중심성(DC : Degree Centrality)은 수출에 있어서 싱가포르, 한국, 말레이시아 순으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 수입에 있어서는 싱가포르, 베트남, 한국 순으로 높게 나타났다. 무역에 있어서 가장 빨리 국제 환경에 적응하고 대비하는 순간적응력인 근접 중심성(CC : Closeness Centrality)을 보면, 수출 과 수입 면에서 캄보디아, 인도네시아, 말레이시아, 필리핀, 싱가포르, 태국, 베트남, 한국이 모 두 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 그러나 상대적으로 미얀마, 브루나이, 라오스가 무역환경 적응과 대 비가 약한 것으로 보여주고 있다. 무역 흐름의 통제력을 나타내는 매개 중심성(BC : Betweenness Centrality)을 통해 중심국과 주 변국과의 영향력을 실증 및 시각적으로 분석한 결과를 보면, 수입과 수출에서 비슷한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 수출에 있어서 말레이시아, 싱가포르, 태국, 베트남, 한국은 수출매개 중심성이 비슷한 높은 그룹 국가에 속했다. 그리고 상대적으로 수출/수입 무역 영향력이 캄보디아, 인도 네시아는 약한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 브루나이, 라오스, 미얀마는 매우 약한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증적인 네트워크 중심성 분석을 토대로 한국과 아세안 국가들에 대한 선택과 집중을 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색 할 수 있다. 즉, 아세안 국가 중 중심성이 높은 국가를 파악하고 이를 선택하여 우선적으로 공략할 국가를 파악할 수 있다. 또한 중심성이 낮은 국가들은 다양 하고 적절한 대안을 모색할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose : This study identified important countries for ASEAN and Korea through social network analysis in which trade strategies can be selectively and intensively applied. So, This study academically identified countries with high centrality for trade expansion. and this study can be used as an efficient and policy analysis data for successful trade insurance with ASEAN countries having high centrality by applying a systematic and analytical social network methodology. Research design, data, methodology : In this study, ASEAN nodes (countries) were obtained from statistical data in Export/Import amounts from the International Trade Center (ITC). Import and export data matrix was made for 10 ASEAN countries for year 2017 and was utilized for network analysis. NetMiner program was used to analyze degree, closeness and betweenness centrality. Results : The network centrality analysis of 10 ASEAN countries and Korea in this study produced following results. In terms of degree centrality, which implies the possibility of trade development and competitiveness through increasing trade volume, Singapore, Republic of Korea and Malaysia had the highest centrality in exports in descending order. In imports, Singapore had the highest centrality and Vietnam and Republic of Korea in descending order. Closeness centrality, which reflects the instantaneous adaptation to prepare for and fast adaptation to the international environment in trade. Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Korea all showed similar levels of export and import closeness centrality. However, Myanmar, Brunei and Laos showed low levels of closeness centrality. In empirical and visual analysis of central nation and its neighboring nations through the betweenness centrality, which represents the control of the trade flow, showed similar results for both imports and exports. Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Korea were among the high group countries with similar export betweenness centralities. Cambodia and Indonesia seemed were relatively low in export betweenness centrality. In addition, Brunei, Laos and Myanmar were found to be very low in export betweenness centrality. Conclusions : Based on the results of this empirical network analysis, it will be possible to seek a way to utilize choice and concentration strategy for Korea and ASEAN countries. In other words, countries with high centrality can be identified and then country choice can be made to target first. As for the economic and social expectations of this study, Korea can diversity trade risks and share investment on countries with high centrality and consequently enhancing Korean trade competitiveness.

The avoidance from central node of selected routes by centrality measure

Yoshihiro Kaneko 대한전자공학회 2015 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2015 No.6

An ad-hoc network requires no fixed infrastructure, which is composed of terminals that communicate with each other as well as transmit data like a router. For load balancing, we have proposed to apply node centrality measure, to one of the most popular routing protocol DSDV. Our proposal idea is to avoid nodes located in the central area as far as possible. We have tested its validity on network simulator ns-3. However, its effectiveness seems yet limited at present. Thus, in order to develop our proposal, we observe properties of obtained routes. This paper discusses the relation between relay nodes on those routes and central node in viewpoint of avoidance. First we locate central nodes by three node centrality measures such as closeness, degree and betweenness. We deal with sixty network models with link density 5 to 10%. As a result, we show that betweenness centrality measure always provides single central node. Next we examine how far those obtained routes pass from central node. Finally, of the three measures, we show that closeness centrality-aware routing provides routes whose relay nodes are the most distant on average from central node.

Inter-Provincial Railroad Network in China

Jun-Yeop Lee,Shuyun Wang 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2012 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.10 No.2

Using Social Network Analysis (SNA), this paper examines the inter-provincial logistics relationships in China. Based on the annual data of inter-provincial railway logistics quantity during the period 1998-2009, the degree of interconnection between regions could imply intensified trends of regional economic integration. The main results of the logistic relationships in China are as follows: the regional logistic interconnection, especially between western and eastern China has increased continuously, which would imply a rising national economic integration. However, the increased centralization index and the average Degree Centrality level imply that a logistics bottleneck has intensified in several hub provinces. Secondly, logistic center provinces evaluated by the Degree Centrality have changed. In 2009, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Sichuan provinces revealed the highest inward Degree Centrality. Sichuan Province is the region that most surprisingly increased its centrality. Thirdly, the number of logistic hub provinces, evaluated by the Degree Betweenness Centrality, has increased. In 2008, Henan province was only a focal hub but in 2009, Shandong, Hubei, Sichuan provinces became logistic hubs. Lastly, the Community Modularity which analyzed grouping structures shows that there are three time-consistent communities. This means that even though there is enhanced between-region integration, the inter-regional inter-connection is more important in explaining the regional logistic relationship.

네트워크 분석을 통한 수도권의 공간구조 변화, 1980-2000년

이희연,김홍주 대한국토·도시계획학회 2006 國土計劃 Vol.41 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformation of the spatial structure by commuting flows in the Capital region during the period of 1980-2000. In this study, social network analysis method is adopted to construct the topology of commuting flows and to calculate the degree-centrality and prestige-centrality of nodal points within commuting network. The meaningful characteristics found during the last 20 year analysis can be summarized as the decline of traditional downtown(Jongro & Jung-gu) and the emergence of a new CBD(Kangnam-gu). Also new towns such as Sungnam, Youngin, Goyang, have firmly established as subcenters for the Capital region, absorbing more in-commuters. The inter-regional linkage system in the Capital region was reshaped, and the spatial structure of commuting flows was organized in a more complicated and wider bound during the study period. Findings can provide important implications for spatial policy of the Capital region to coping with the transportation problem in the future. 키 워 드 통근통행, 사회네트워크 분석, 연결중심성, 위세중심성Keywords Commuting Flows, Social Network Analysis, Degree Centrality, Prestige Centrality

사회네트워크분석을 이용한 인천경제자유구역(IFEZ) 입주대학의 중심구조 변화 분석

송민근(Min geun Song),이진규(Jin kyu Lee),전준우(Jun woo Jeon),여기태(Gi tae Yeo) 한국국제상학회 2015 國際商學 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 사회네트워크분석(SNA)을 활용하여 경제자유구역(IFEZ)에 입주한 대학의 중심구조 변화추이를 분석하고 그 결과를 통해 현재 추진 중인 정책 사업이 사회적으로 미치고 있는 영향을 파악하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 분석 대상은 세계대학순위 200위권 상당의 대학을 대상으로 하였으며 미국, 영국, 중국의 10위권 상당의 대학과 국내대학과의 교류네트워크 연결 중심성을 통해 네트워크 구조를 분석했다. 2008년 연세대학교의 연결 중심성은 1.000으로 나타났으나 2013년에는 10.000으로 나타나 해외 우수대학들과의 직접적 교류가 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 살펴본 연도별 변화 추이와 사회네트워크 분석의 관점에서 현재 경제자유구역청이 추진하고 있는 인천글로벌대학 프로젝트는 한국의 글로벌 교육환경조성에 기여하고 있는 것으로 해석된다. Purpose : This paper aims to analyze the Network Centrality of the universities attracted in Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ) in the network with world's top-ranked universities. Research design, data, methodology : We apply the Social Network Analysis(SNA) Methodology using the degree centrality. Subject of the analysis was the network among the world's top-ranked universities. Among the foreign universities, the top 10 universities in the United States, the top 7 universities in China, and the top 10 universities in the UK were included. Results : As for the result of the degree Centrality of Yonsei University which attracted IFEZ, the degree centrality as of 2008 is shown in 1.00, but the degree Centrality as of 2013 increased to 10.00, it was found that the international relationship with foreign universities had been increased gradually. Conclusion : We could examine and confirm that there has been some meaningful changes in the network between foreign and domestic universities. The result of analysis shows that Incheon Global University Campus(IGUC) project has positively contributed to the development of the global educational environment in IFEZ and Korea.