출판 트렌드에 따른 표지디자인의 조형적 특성의 변화 연구-리커버 북을 중심으로-

이태영,정형원 한국일러스아트학회 2018 조형미디어학 Vol.21 No.1

Design has its influence in all industrial sectors and the publishing market is no exception. Faced with fixed book price system and changes in consumption trend, publishing companies that had focus on the discount marketing are now trying to gain popularity with readers by redesigning book covers. Likewise, reflecting the trend of publishing and book designs and conveying the features and emotions of books, book covers are important factors inducing the purchase of the customers. Purchasing motive of the readers in ages of 20s and 30s who are major customers is also shifting. The proportion of reading for acquiring knowledge is decreasing and the proportion of reading for leisure time is gradually increasing. The motto of 'YOLO' for young generations who pursue their own easiness and small happiness leads to the trend of value consumption and publishing the re-covered books which reinterpret the cover for a new one. Publication of re-covered book is a major marketing tool for the publishers to develop new customers. The publishers reprint the classics and steady-sellers with renewed covers to appeal the royal customers desiring to possess them. For young generations that have large expenditure for their own worth and standards, books renewed with refined cover design stimulate their desire to own it and make them spend money. Consequently, the formative characteristics of cover design also transforms in accordance with the needs of the customer and the period. This study finds these changes by reviewing the online bookstore Aladdin’s sales rank top 10 in the category of re-covered books. By comparing the ex-published books and the redesigned one, it also finds the variations in design formative characteristics. Book cover design is completed through the typographic characteristics of typography, image, color, and layout. Looking through these formative characteristics, this study finds the differences and the tendency in cover design. The purpose of this study is to recognize the latest trend of book cover design and present the direction of it that attracts consumers. 디자인은 모든 산업분야에서 그 영향력을 발휘하고 있으며 출판 시장도 예외는 아니다. 도서정가제 실시와 소비 트렌드의 변화로 할인을 통한 마케팅 방식을 이어오던 출판사는 자구책으로 다양한 디자인으로 표지디자인을 선보이며 독자를 마음을 사로잡고자 하였다. 책의 특성과 감성을 전달하는 표지디자인은 출판 트렌드와 디자인 트렌드를 반영하여 가장 먼저 독자의 구매에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이다. 주 고객층인 20~30대의 도서 구매요인에도 변화를 보이고 있다. 지식의 습득을 위한 독서의 비중이 줄고 여유로운 시간 활용을 위한 독서의 비중이 점차 증가하고 있다. 자신의 여유와 작은 행복을 추구하는 젊은 세대들의 ‘YOLO 가치관’은 가치 소비라는 소비트렌드로 이어지고, 리커버 북을 출간하는 출판 트렌드로 만들었다. 출판사에게 리커버 북 출간은 위험부담이 적은 스테디셀러를 중심으로 충성 독자층에게는 소장하고 싶은 욕구를 자극하고, 새로운 독자층을 개발하는 중요한 마케팅 수단이 되었다. 자신의 가치에 소비를 아끼지 않는 세대들에게 다양한 디자인의 소장 욕구를 자극하는 도서는 서슴치 않고 지갑을 열 개 만든다. 그러므로 표지디자인의 조형적 특성도 시대와 독자들의 니즈에 맞게 변화한다. 이러한 변화를 온라인 서점 알라딘의 리커버 북 판매량 순위 1위 ~ 10위까지의 도서를 통해 살펴보고자 하였다. 리커버 되기 이전에 출간 도서와 리커버 되어 재출간된 도서를 비교하여 디자인 조형적 특성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 표지디자인은 타이포그래피, 이미지, 색채, 레이아웃의 조형적 특성을 통해 완성된다. 조형적 특성을 통해 표지디자인을 변화를 살펴보고 표지디자인의 경향을 파악해 보았다. 본 연구를 통해 독자의 마음을 사로잡는 표지디자인의 트렌드와 디자인의 방향을 제시해 보고자 한다.

강재 맨홀뚜껑의 보강구조 해석

김흥규,양영수,배강열,Kim, Heung-Kyu,Yang, Young-Soo,Bae, Kang-Yul 대한용접접합학회 2014 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Manhole cover, which is usually made of grey cast iron and consists of frame and cover, should have enough strength to support the heavy traffic load. The manhole cover made of cast iron has heavy weight to handle manually and is vulnerable to impact force with its brittle characteristics. Moreover, its production process of casting has been regulated in terms of environmental pollution. In this study, steel manhole cover is proposed to substitute the cast cover with a series of structural analyses to confirm its strength to support the test load for manhole cover. The cover of the proposed steel manhole cover is made of thin circular pate and stiffeners below the plate. Rectangular columns and hollow circular plate were selected for the shape of the stiffener. In order to give enough strength for the cover to behave within elastic range in the loading, strengthening structures of the cover were varied with increasing the number and the size of the stiffeners. The results of the analyses revealed that when both the hollow circular stiffener and cross stiffeners were additionally applied at the same time to the steel cover with longitudinal stiffeners, the maximum stress level in the cover could be reduced to that level presented in the cast cover.

국내 커버드본드(Covered Bond) 법률의 제정과 검토 과제

김효연 ( Hyo Yeon Kim ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2013 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.25

Recently, the Government introduced legislative draft for Korea Covered Bond Act of 2013 to the National Assembly on February 5, 2013. This aims at continuous financial stability that qualified bank can easily raise money through issuing covered bond even though financial crisis. In other words, this will enable credit to flow more readily from the capital markets to households, small business, and the Government in a way that enhances the stability of th broader financial system. In Korea, households debt is threatening financial stability. Especially, residential mortgage loan, which covers more than 50% of households debt, is severe and serious in terms of its sizable increase and structural risks. Short-term, variable, nonamortizing(straight) mortgages are representing 90% shares of all residential loans. This structure are very vulnerable to external variability. Therefore we should try to convert current mortgage structure into long-term, fixed-rate, amortizing structure. For extended loan structure, legislation of covered bond act is imperative. Korean banks and loan credit companies are mainly raising fund from short-term market. By raising long-term fund through covered bond, credit institutions are enable to serve long-term mortgage loan. There are several legislative and policy issues regarding this bill. The core elements of the legislative framework are legal certainty for covered bond programs and public supervision by financial authorities. The legal status of covered bond is established by specifying the catagories of eligible issuers and eligible cover-pool assets, mandating an asset coverage test for cover pools and audits by an independent asset monitor, and clarifying applicable securities. Most important, since covered bonds are distinguished from other pool forms of secured debt by a mechanism for managing (rather than liquidating) the cover pool upon the issuer`s default or insolvency and continuing scheduled (rather than accelerated) payments, the framework created a separate resolution process for covered bond programs. Here, covered bond is similar to secured bond, which current “the Secured Bond Trust Act” regulates and its mechanism is restricted to trust scheme. In order to steer an issuance of covered bond, legislative draft needs to be modified and added some clauses. To change mortgage loan maturity into longer term, eligible asset test needs to include DTI ratio and KDIC(Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation)`s control right to covered assets upon the issuer`s default or insolvency. Furthermore, mortgage debtor` right or protection should be taken into consideration.

막덮기 재배가 봄재배시 녹색꽃양배추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

성기철,이정수,이재욱 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2002 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.11 No.4

This study was conducted to examine the effect of row covering materials on the growth and yieldof broccoli for early production in the open field. Materials for plastic tunnel were row-covering (ven-tilating non-woven fabric), perforated film (2.3% pore space) and P.E. film. The types of row coverswere tunnel and covering period was one months after transplanting. The row cover and perforatedfilm increased daily air and soil temperature by 3~4oC and 2~3oC, respectively as compared to no cov-ering. Also, relative humidities in those treatments were higher than those in P.E. and no covering.The row covering and perforated film enhanced plant growth. Broccoli grew best and abnormal headappeared the least with row covering treatment. Days taken for head formation, however, did not dif-fer between treatments but the weight of curd was over 400 g in the treatment of row covering andperforated film covering. Marketable yield doubled under row covering as compared to no covering.The first harvest time was earlier by two weeks in row-covering. The results of this experiment indi-cated that covering row-cover film in spring cultivation was effective for not only yield increase butalso quality evaluation in early production of broccoli.

책 표지디자인에 나타난 미니멀리즘 표현 특성 - 2010-2018 출판된 인문서적 베스트셀러 책을 중심으로 -

기홍매 ( Hong-mei Ji ),임경호 ( Kyung-ho Lim ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2020 한국디자인포럼 Vol.25 No.1

연구배경 대상이 가지는 정보와 이미지를 빠르게 전달하는 미니멀리즘은 모든 장식적인 요소를 최소화하고 기본적인 요소를 통해 단순하고 간결한 느낌으로 표현한 것을 말하며, 미니멀리즘 스타일을 통해 사람들의 마음속 감정을 표현할 수 있다. 미니멀리즘은 발전하면서 여러 영역으로 확대되어 다양한 형태로 나타나고 있다는 것에서 강한 생명력을 느낄 수 있으며, 책 표지에서도 미니멀리즘의 시도는 분명히 있어왔다. 하지만 책표지에 국한된 전문적인 연구는 활발히 진행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 미니멀한 책 표지디자인을 하기 위해 그 표현 특성이 어떻게 이루어지는지 미니멀한 표현 특성을 연구하여 미니멀한 책 표지를 제작하는데 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 마련하고자 한다. 연구방법 교보문고에서 제출한 통계자료를 바탕으로 2010~ 2018년에 출판된 인문서적 베스트셀러 책들 중 설문조사를 통해 미니멀한 표현이 나타난 책 9권을 선정하여 시각디자인 구성요소인 타이포그래피, 레이아웃, 이미지표현, 색채의 요소가 책 표지디자인에 대한 미니멀한 표현이 어떻게 적용되어 있는지 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 책표지디자인에 나타난 미니멀리즘의 표현 특성을 도출하였다. 연구결과 미니멀리즘과 책 표지디자인의 연관성에 대해 살펴본 결과, 미니멀리즘의 특성은 책표지디자인의 기능과 긴밀하고 유사한 관계에 있다. 사례분석을 통해 책 표지디자인에 나타난 미니멀리즘의 표현 특성을 단순성, 명료성, 절제성, 세 가지로 정리하였다. 결론 미니멀한 책표지디자인은 앞서 살펴 본 바와 같이 미니멀리즘 요소들은 책 표지디자인에 있어서 중요한 요건이며 서로 상호간에 뗄 수 없는 관계인 것을 확인하였다. 책 표지 기능을 달성하기 위해 책 표지디자인 컨셉을 추출하는데, 책 정보 전달내용을 한마디의 디자인 컨셉으로 압축하여 독자나 소비자에게 보다 쉽고 정확하게 정보 전달과 책이 구매 의육을 상승시키기 위한 것으로, 미니멀 책 표지에 있어 단순성은 책표지의 창의성과 매우 잘 부합되는 특성을 나타낸다. 그리하여 독자의 호기심을 유도하면서 시선을 집중시키고 내용 인식이 즉각적으로 이루어질 수 있는 현대적이고 감각적인 표현 등의 모습으로 변화되길 바란다. Background Minimalism, which quickly conveys the information and images of objects, refers to what has been expressed in a simple and concise way through basic elements, and can express people's inner feelings through minimalist style. Minimalism can feel strong vitality in the fact that it has expanded into various areas as it develops and is emerging in various forms, and there has certainly been an attempt of minimalism on the book cover. However, professional research limited to book covers was not actively conducted. Therefore, this study aims to study the minimal representation characteristics of how the expression properties are performed in order to design minimal book covers, and prepare basic data that can be used to produce minimal book covers. Methods Based on statistical data submitted by Kyobo Bookstore, nine books with minimal expression were selected through a survey from among the humanities best-selling books published between 2010 and 2018 to analyze how the elements of visual design elements, typography, layout, image expression and color, are applied to book cover design. Based on this, the expression characteristics of minimalism in book cover design were derived. Result According to a study on the link between minimalism and book cover design, the characteristics of minimalism are closely related to the function of book cover design. Through case analysis, the expression characteristics of minimalism in book cover design were organized into three categories: simplicity, clarity, moderation, and moderation. Conclusion Minimal bookmark design has confirmed that the elements of minimalism are important requirements in book cover design and are inseparable from each other. To achieve the book cover function, the concept of book cover design is extracted to compress the content of book information delivery into a design concept of a single word, making it easier and more accurate to convey information to readers or consumers and to increase the motivation of books to buy, while simplicity in minimal book cover represents characteristics that are very well consistent with the creativity of book cover. Therefore, it is hoped that the audience will be able to focus their attention while inducing curiosity, and that the content recognition will be changed to a modern, sensuous expression, etc., which can be instantly.

번역서 표지에 대한 사회기호학적 분석 및 평가—「82년생 김지영」 번역서의 앞표지와 주제 간의 일관성을 기준으로

마승혜,김순영 한국번역학회 2022 번역학연구 Vol.23 No.3

The first encounter with a book occurs at the cover, and the book cover influences readers’ decision-making about whether to buy the book or not. If the book cover has little relevance to the original content and theme, the book may be misrepresented, ultimately misleading the readers who attempt to predict the content based on the book cover. In this respect, this study analyzes the book covers of Kim Ji-young, Born 1982 translations. Contributing to the globalization of Korean literature, this novel was delivered into other cultures with various cover illustrations at the front. The main themes of this novel are disclosing identity crisis of women in Korean society, constructing solidarity among women, and sharing anxiety and grief with other women. The congruence between the cover design and the theme of the book is one of the important elements for successful cover designs. Therefore, this paper takes a social-semiotic approach to analyze the book covers of Kim Ji-young, Born 1982 translations published in 20 countries and evaluates them on the basis of congruence between the cover and the theme.

Ecologies of Paideic Law

Roy Andrew Partain 한양법학회 2013 漢陽法學 Vol.24 No.3

Robert M. Cover의 법철학을 광범위하게 개관함과 동시에 어떻게 그의 법의 근원에 관한 원리들이 현행의 국제 환경법 제정에 적용될 수 있는지 논하고자 한다. Cover 는 예일대학 로스쿨의 법학자였으며 1986년에 사망하였다. 비극적인 요절은 그의 대다수의 혁신적 법이론 관점들을 미완성인 채로 남겨지게 하였으나 그럼에도 불구하고 그는 미국 법률계에서 가장 많이 인용되는 법학자 중의 하나이다. 특히 ‘노모스와 서사’ 법이론은 문화속에서 새대간에 구전되는 교훈적인 이야기들이 법과 분리되어 다루어져서는 안되며 상보적인 관계로 취급되어야 한다는 관점을 견지하고 있다. 특정한 서사 문화속의 관점들은 법의 개념에 포함되어야 하는데 코르푸스 유리스 내에서 그리고 보다 명백한 형태로는 헌법, 법제정 및 판결등 내에서가 이에 해당될 수 있다. 또한 그는 법학자들이 한가지 유형의 법에만 골몰한 나머지 다른 유형들의 법을 간과하는 것을 비판하였다. H.L.A. Hart, Hans Kelsen, 그리고 Ronald Dworkin 의 법이론에 대항한 반박으로서 Cover는 paideic 법이론과 jurispathic (법을 선택하여 사멸시키는) 판사들이라는 개념을 도입한다. ‘난처한’ 법정 케이스를 해결할 방안을 어떠한 접근법으로 찾을 수 있는가하는 Dworkin의 연구에 Cover는 보다 완전한 기초를 제공하는데 이때의 ‘난처한’ 케이스란 법정에서 쌍방이 각자의 주장을 뒷받침하는 견실한 법적 근거를 동시에 제시할 때 발생한다. Dworkin 에게 있어서 법리학이란 판사가 어떻게 법적 갈등을 해결하는가에 관한 조사에 불과하였는데, Hart, Kelsen, 그리고 Dworkin은 법적으로 난처한 상황이 발생할 때마다 새로운 법제정을 추가함으로써 해결책을 모색 할 수 있는것으로 보았다. 이에 반하여 Cover 는 법의 과잉이 판결의 본질을 흐릴 수 있기에 판사가 ‘난처한’ 문제들을 해결하는데 있어서 불필요한 법들을 탈락시킴으로써 해결책을 찾는것으로 결론을 맺는다. Paideic 법, 즉 서사적으로 진화된 법들의 발현과 imperial, 즉 정부의 법제정및 jurispathic (법을 선택하여 사멸시키는) 판사들의 통제 사이에서 Cover 는 균형점을 찾고 있다. 그는 법적 의미의 세계와 문맥상 풍요로운 해석들을 일컬어 ‘노모스’라 명하였는데 이는 그리스어로 ‘법’이라는 뜻이다. 사회적인 무리들의 의무나 강제, 사회적으로 승인된 집행등을 통하여 법이 발생하는데 이러한 자연발생적인 법제정의 프로세스는 한 사회안에서도 다수의 소그룹의 사회가 있기에 너무 많은 법 시스템이 겹치는 문제를 야기할수 있다. Cover의 시각에 의하면 입법기관은 켈젠주의적 근본규범을 취하여 다수의 사회적 그룹들의 다양한 법적 서사들을 조율하기 위한 민주적인 절차를 제공한다. 그리하여 Cover는 jurispathic 판사, 즉 너무나 많은 법이 있을때 법적인 혼돈을 제거하는것을 판사의 주된 역할로 보았다. 법학자는 Cover 의 세계안에서 두가지 역할을 가지고 있다. 하나는 자연발생적이고 교훈적인 서사들을 관찰하며 이해하는 것이고 다른 하나는 사법부의 jurispathic (법을 선택하여 사멸시키는) 의무를 뒷받침하기 위하여 법과학적 이론을 제공하는 것이다. 두가지 경우 모두 법학자는 법의 발전에 관여하며 법과 상호작용한다. 법학자는 정부적인 법 체계의 발달을 보조하여 사회적 그룹들에 통일성과 안정성을 제공할 수 있다. Cove 는 특히 인권법과 민권법의 발전에 흥미를 가지고 있었는데 그의 이론들은 보다 광범위한 다른 법영역에도 적용 되어 왔다. 본 논문은 그리하여 Cover 의 이론의 예비적인 일례들을 기후 변화와 관련한 법 제정의 관점에서 논하고자 하였으며 그러한 법 제정을 시행하는데에 있어서 역사적으로 있어왔던 문제점들을 짚어 보고자 한다. 또한 저자는 Cover 의 법이론들이 어떻게 실제적인 법과 정책의 도구가 될 수 있는지 시험해 보고자 한다.

THE ROLE OF CONSUMERS’ EMOTIONS OF DELIGHT ON BOOK PURCHASE DECISION PROCESS IN AN ONLINE SETTING

Junghwa Son,Kevin Dio,Ho Park,Changju Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Emotion has been discussed as a key element in the purchase decision process across several products and services by several researchers (Bagozzi, Gopinath, & Nyer, 1999; Kang, Jin, & Gavin, 2010; Lee & Park, 2013). Although a variety of products and services have been utilized to address the relationship between emotions and the purchase decision process, books, especially an online-book purchase environment, have been neglected in existing research of the relationship between emotions and the purchase decision process. Thus, the purposes of this study are 1) to investigate how book covers influence consumers’ purchase decisions in an online setting, 2) to examine the influence of two different criteria of book covers (the color of the book cover and the picture or photo on it) on consumers’ emotions of delight, and 3) to explore the cross-cultural differences (i.e., Japan vs. France) in the online book purchase decision process. Emotion is referred to “an affective, subjective, experimental, temporary, multidimensional phenomenon and a source of motivation caused by exogenous factors to the individual that interact with the process of treatment of the collected information for the purpose of experience of consumption” (Graillot, 1998, p. 12). In marketing, emotion is considered to be the beginning of the choice made by consumers (Derbaix & Pham, 1989), and many researchers have tried to find dimensions of emotion which better explain the consumer’s purchase decision process, such as circumstances (e.g., hope, relief, and joy), external cues (e.g., like, dislike, and anger), or self-created cues (e.g., regret, shame, and guilt) (Roseman, Antoniou, & Jose, 1996). In order to fill in gaps from previous research, in this study we present the following research hypotheses: H1: There will be a positive relationship between the color of the book cover and the consumer’s emotion of delight when purchasing a book from an online bookstore. H2: There will be a positive relationship between the picture or photo on the book cover and the consumer’s emotion of delight when purchasing a book from an online bookstore.H3: There will be a positive relationship between the consumer’s emotion of delight and a book’s perceived usefulness when purchasing a book from an online bookstore. H4: There will be a positive relationship between a book’s perceived usefulness and the purchase of the book. H5: The impact of the book cover on the purchase decision process will vary by country. Japan and France were chosen as the countries for the study as they are significantly similar in terms of the size of the book market on the global stage (Oricon, 2015), however the two countries are very dissimilar in terms of culture. In addition, there is no existing research that compares consumers in these two countries in an online book purchase setting. A total of 398 usable date sets were collected in Japan (n = 191) and France (n = 207) using a questionnaire survey. Two sets of questionnaires were developed in Japanese and French for the respondents and the respondents were randomly chosen for this study. All measurement items of each construct (i.e., the importance of the color of the book cover, the importance of the picture on the book cover, the emotions of delight, the perceived usefulness of the book, and the book purchase) were adopted from previous studies and measured using a 5-point Likert scale. To test the proposed research framework, in this study we developed a structural equation modeling method. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test construct validity, which showed satisfactory evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Based on Table 1, there is no significant relationship between the color of the book cover and the emotion of delight, therefore Hypothesis 1 was rejected. On the other hand, Hypotheses 2 (the relationship between the picture on the cover and the emotion of delight), Hypotheses 3 (the relationship between the emotion of delight and a book’s perceived usefulness), and Hypotheses 4 (the relationship between a book’s perceived usefulness and the book purchase) were found to be statistically significant. Finally, Hypothesis 5, indicating that the impact of the book cover on the purchase decision process varies across countries, was supported. In other words, the χ² difference test between the two countries revealed that an unconstrained model indicated a significantly better model fit than a fully constrained model (Δχ²(7) = 117.58, p < .001), indicating the evidence of differences in the path relationships between the two countries (Laukkanen et al., 2013). Since Hypothesis 5 was indicated to be significant, a further analysis of each path from Hypothesis 1 to Hypothesis 4 was conducted. This revealed that only the relationship between a book’s perceived usefulness and the book purchase was significantly different by country (Δχ²(1) = 3.91, p < .05). The study provides meaningful academic implications. This study examines the influence of the book cover on consumers’ emotions, which lead to the actual purchase of the book in an online setting and accurately explains the role of consumers’ emotions in the relationship. Furthermore, this study proved that the relationship between the book’s perceived usefulness and the purchase of the book was different by country. Given this, marketers should develop tailored marketing strategies for the two countries. For French consumers, practitioners should focus more on the usefulness of the book itself, such as the meaning of the book to readers, the impact of the book on readers, the potential for improving reader’s knowledge andhappiness, etc. In other words, marketers should emphasize and promote the concept of the usefulness of the book itself rather than the design components, such as the color of the book cover. Additionally, consumers’ emotions of delight have a significant role on the online book purchase decision, therefore promoting and arousing consumers’ positive emotions, for example, with music, easy transactions, easy access, etc., may be critical while shopping for books online.

Himawari-8 AHI 적설 탐지의 성능 평가

진동현,이경상,서민지,최성원,성노훈,이은경,한현경,한경수 대한원격탐사학회 2018 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.34 No.6

적설은 강수의 한 형태로 지표면에 쌓인 눈으로 정의되며 빙권의 가장 큰 단일 구성 요소로서 지구 표면과 대기 사이의 열 교환이나 전 지구 또는 지역적인 측면에서 지구의 에너지 수지 균형을 유지하는 중요한 역할을 하는 등 지구 표면 온도를 조절하는데 영향을 미친다. 그러나 적설은 인간의 접근이 어려운 지역에 주로 분포하기 때문에 위성을 활용한 적설 탐지가 활발히 수행되고 있으며 산림 지역의 적설 탐지는 구름과 적설의 구분 다음으로 중요한 과정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 극 궤도 위성에서 산림 지역 적설 탐지에 활용하는 Normalized Difference Snow Index(NDSI) 및 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)를 정지궤도 위성에 적용하였으며, 산림 지역 외 영역은 적설의 분광 특징을 활용한 R1.61μm anomaly 기법 및 NDSI를 활용하여 적설 탐지를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 산출한 Snow Cover 자료와 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer(VIIRS) Snow Cover 자료를 활용해 간접 검증을 수행한 결과, Probability of Detection(POD)는 99.95%, False Alarm Ratio(FAR) 는 16.63 %로 나타났다. Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI) RGB 영상을 추가로 활용해 정성적 검증 또한 수행하였으며 수행 결과, VIIRS Snow Cover가 미탐지한 영역과 본 연구가 오탐지한 영역이 혼합되어 나타났다. Snow Cover is a form of precipitation that is defined by snow on the surface and is the single largest component of the cryosphere that plays an important role in maintaining the energy balance between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. It affects the regulation of the Earth’s surface temperature. However, since snow cover is mainly distributed in area where human access is difficult, snow cover detection using satellites is actively performed, and snow cover detection in forest area is an important process as well as distinguishing between cloud and snow. In this study, we applied the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to the geostationary satellites for the snow detection of forest area in existing polar orbit satellites. On the rest of the forest area, the snow cover detection using R1.61μm anomaly technique and NDSI was performed. As a result of the indirect validation using the snow cover data and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (VIIRS) snow cover data, the probability of detection (POD) was 99.95 % and the False Alarm Ratio (FAR) was 16.63 %. We also performed qualitative validation using the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) RGB image. The result showed that the areas detected by the VIIRS Snow Cover miss pixel are mixed with the area detected by the research false pixel.

Analysis of Nacelle Cover Shape of 250 KW Wind Turbine

Ambarayil Joy Jithin,정동원,Muhammad Sajjad 한국동력기계공학회 2019 동력시스템공학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The nacelle is located at the top portion of the wind turbine, and it is the heart part of a wind turbine. Rotors and generators are the major components inside the wind generator which turn the wind energy into rotational power and generate electrical energy. The nacelle cover acts as a protective case and a technical compartment containing these important parts. Nacelle covers that protect these critical parts of wind turbines should be as light as possible, ensuring stability for strength and buckling despite strong winds, and sufficiently supported from wind loads, snow loads and self-weights. Nacelle covers of wind turbines are often used in steel sheets such as galvanized steel sheets to withstand wind and snow loads. The weight is heavy and requires a lot of economic consumption, such as the cost of installation, transportation cost, and increased tower thickness while the steel plate's nacelle cover is stable for the applied load. Recently, many wind turbines have a tendency to use a composite material of a nacelle cover; the composite nacelle cover has a similar strength as steel plate and is lighter than a steel plate, making it economical to consider the production cost of wind turbines. In this paper, we are discussing nacelle cover design process and FEM simulation to determine the shape of a wind turbine under the influence of wind. We are using CFD analysis software 'ANSYS workbench' to determine the shape of the current nacelle cover of the 250 KW wind turbine by changing the shape of the nacelle cover and streamlined shape nacelle cover. This study finds out that there are differences to an influence of wind when wind passes through the nacelle cover because of new shape.