Development of a digital image analysis method for real-time estimation of chlorophyll content in micropropagated potato plants

Gupta, S. Dutta,Ibaraki, Yasuomi,Pattanayak, A.K. 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.1

The present work describes a digital image analysis method based on leaf color analysis to estimate chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated potato plantlets. For estimation of chlorophyll content, a simple leaf digital analysis procedure using a simple digital still camera was applied in parallel to a SPAD chlorophyll content meter. RGB features were extracted from the image and correlated with the SPAD values. None of the mean brightness parameters (RGB) were correlated with the actual chlorophyll content following simple correlation studies. However, a correlation between the chromaticity co-ordinates 'r', 'b' and chlorophyll content was observed, while co-ordinate 'g' was not significantly correlated with chlorophyll content. Linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied for correlating the mean brightness (RGB) and mean brightness ratio (rgb) features to chlorophyll content of plantlet leaves determined through a SPAD meter. The chlorophyll content as determined by the SPAD meter was significantly correlated (RMSE = 3.97 and 3.59, respectively, for linear and ANN models) to the rgb values of leaf image analysis. Both the models indicate successful prediction of chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated plants with high correlation. The developed RGB-based digital image analysis has the advantage over conventional subjective methods for being objective, fast, non-invasive, and inexpensive. The system could be utilized for real-time estimation of chlorophyll content and subsequent analysis of photosynthetic and hyperhydric status of the micropropagated plants for better ex vitro survival.

Resistance of Terpenoids to Various Abiotic Stresses in Chamaecyparis obtusa

Ji Yun Min,Dong Jin Park,Seong Hyeon Yong,Woo Hyeong Yang,Yuwon Seol,Eunji Choi,Hak Gon Kim,Myung Suk Choi 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.53 No.3

Chamaecyparis obtusa is one of the economical conifers planted in Korea due to its good quality timber and wood characteristics. Individuals of C. obtusa containing high terpenes (HT) and low terpenes (LT) were selected for by colorimetric method. The HT of C. obtusa was delayed in wilting against various abiotic stresses compared to the LT plants. The HT group exposed to UV did not significant influence the chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll value was higher in the HT group than the LT group. Also, chilling treatment (5℃) did not significant influence on the chlorophyll content. However treatment at -4℃ showed relatively low chlorophyll content in the LT group than the HT group. Plants exposure to high temperature was not a difference between the HT and the LT group. However, treatment at 38℃ influenced the chlorophyll content that was increased exposure time-dependently. In salt treatments, chlorophyll in the HT group was lower at high concentrations (300 and 500 mM) of NaCl. However, chlorophyll content increased to slightly in treatment time-dependently, which is 6.7% to 40%. H2O2 treatment has been a negative effect on the chlorophyll content in the HT group. All concentration of H2O2 decreased the chlorophyll content of 5% to 35%. Plants containing high terpenoids were resisted against some abiotic stress such as salt and H2O2. Our results implied that terpenoids could cause various abiotic stress resistance. These results could be utilized for efficient management and biomass production during forest silvicultures.

Changes in the Chlorophyll of Garlic Chives (Allium tuberosum) Resulting from Fertilizer and Drought Stress

Man Kyu Huh(허만규),Byeongryong Lee(이병룡) 한국생명과학회 2022 생명과학회지 Vol.32 No.10

부추는 아시아를 포함한 전세계적으로 분포하는 초본이다. 한국에서 부추는 양념용 채소와 국수용 고명에 사용된다. 질소비료, 인산비료, 칼리비료와 수분 스트레스가 부추(Allium tuberosum Rotter) 잎에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 엽록소 a 함량은 10 mg/l 질소 비료에서 0.386였고, 50 mg/l에서는 0.584였다. 엽록소 a, b, 전체 엽록소량은 대조군에 비해 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 엽록소 a, b, 전체 엽록소에 대한 피어슨 상관계수(Pearsons r)는 각각 0.940, 0.966, 0.971였다. 잎의 엽록소 a, b, 전체 엽록소는 인산비료인 경우 40 mg/l가 50 mg/l 시비보다 높았다. 인산 비료인 경우 10 mg/l에서 전체 엽록소량은 0.312였고 50 mg/l 일 때 0.589였다. 엽록소 효율과 습도와의 관계를 산출하였다. 광합성 효율의 척도로 기저 수준의 형광산율(Fo), 최대 형광산율(Fm), 전자소멸 상태(Fv), 최대 PSII 광계비율(Fv/Fm)의 기울기는 각각 -0.931, 0.972, 972, 0.950였다. 질소, 인산, 칼륨 비료와 가뭄스트레스는 부추의 엽록소함량과 효율성에 영향을 주었다. The garlic chive (Allium tuberosum Rotter) is a prominent herb species in Asia and other nations of the world. Garlic chives is a favorite vegetable and used to garnish noodles in Korea. The effects of various doses of N, P, and K fertilizers and drought stress on the chlorophyll content in the leaves of garlic chives were investigated. The evaluations showed that chlorophyll a content was 0.386 at 10 mg/l N fertilizer and 0.584 at 50 mg/l N fertilizer. The treatment group showed a significant difference with regard to the contents of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll at the 5% level (p<0.05). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) for chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll were 0.940, 0.966, and 0.971, respectively. The highest content of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll in the leaves was recorded at 40 mg/l P fertilizer, while the values corresponding to 50 mg/l P fertilizer were lower than those for 40 mg/l P fertilizer. The content of total chlorophyll evaluated at 10 mg/l K fertilizer was 0.312 and that at 50 mg/l was 0.589. The simple linear regression showed the relationship between chlorophyll efficiency aand moisture. The slope factors of the dark-level fluorescence yield (Fo), the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), the quenched state (Fv), and the maximal PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) for chlorophyll-efficient indicators were -0.931, 0.972, 972, and 0.950, respectively. NPK fertilizers and drought stress affected the chlorophyll content and efficiency of A. tuberosum.

현미 내 철분고함유 벼 종자 간이 선발법

Woon-Ha Hwang,Jung-Sung Back,Sung-Hyun An,Jae-Heok Jeong,Han-Yong Jeong,Hyen-Seok Lee,Jong-Tak Yun,Gun-Hwi Lee,Kyung-Jin Choi 한국국제농업개발학회 2016 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

We investigate the change of leaf chlorophyll content according to iron content in brown rice when cultivated on the iron limited solid MS medium. By cultivating wild-type and transgenic brown rice in a solid MS medium, we confirmed that iron deficiency chlorosis did not occur in MS media which were contained over 20% of iron content compared to normal MS condition. After selecting twenty kinds of Korean rice varieties, those brown rice were cultivated in solid MS media which were contained from 0 to 15% of iron content compared to normal MS condition then the leaf chlorophyll content was measured. The leaf chlorophyll content was changed according to iron content in brown rice when cultivated in solid MS medium which was contained 0 and 5% of iron content,. There was a strong correlation between iron content in brown rice and leaf chlorophyll content cultivated in solid MS medium with 5% of Fe content. Therefore we expect that analysis of leaf chlorophyll content after cultivated on MS medium with 5% iron content compared to normal MS media condition will be more simple and effective method to screening high iron content brown rice without measurement of iron content.

규산 함유 액상비료 시비에 따른 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육과 품질 변화

김영선,이창은,이긍주 한국잔디학회 2016 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.5 No.3

본 연구는 규산 함유 액비(LFSi)의 시비에 따른 잔디의생육과 품질의 변화를 확인하기 위해 잔디의 가시적 품질, 줄기 밀도, 뿌리 길이, 엽록소 함량, 예지물 및 양분 함량을 조사하였다. 처리구는 대조구(CF), LFSi 1,000배 처리구(SiF-1), LFSi 500배 처리구(SiF-2) 및 LFSi 250배 처리구(SiF-3)로 구분되었다. LFSi 처리 전후에 토양화학성은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. LFSi 처리구와 대조구를 비교하였을때, 잔디 품질은 7월, 10월 및 11월 조사에서 높았으며, 엽록소 함량과 잔디 예지물은 10월 27일 조사에서 증가하였다. 줄기 밀도, 뿌리 길이, 잎조직 내 질소 함량 및 칼륨함량은 LFSi 처리구에서 증가하였다. 잔디 잎 조직 중 규소함량은 칼리 함량이나 줄기 밀도와 정의 상관성을 보였고, 줄기 밀도는 잔디 품질이나 엽록소 함량과 각각 정의 상관성을 나타내었다. 이 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 크리핑 벤트그래스에서 규산 함유 액비의 시비는 잔디의 잎 조직 중칼륨 함량이나 줄기 밀도가 증가되어 가시적 품질이 향상되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. Superintendents have used a silicate fertilizer to improve a resistance of turfgrass against several diseases, drought damage and wear stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid fertilizer containing silicate (LFSi) on changes of turfgrass quality and growth by investigating visual quality, chlorophyll content-chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, root length, shoot length, dry weight of clipping, and nutrient content in leaves tissue. Treatments were designed as follows; control fertilizer (CF), SiF-1 (CF + 1 ml m−2 LFSi), SiF-2 (CF + 2 ml m−2 LFSi), and SiF-3 (CF + 4 ml m−2 LFSi). As compared with CF, soil chemical properties, visual turfgrass quality, chlorophyll content, and dry weight of clipping of LFSi treatments were not significantly. Contrastingly, shoot density, root length, and the content of nitrogen or potassium were increased by application of LFSi. The content of Si in the tissue was positively correlated with potassium content or shoot length, and similarly shoot density positively with chlorophyll content or visual quality, respectively. These results suggested that the application of LFSi improved the turfgrass quality by increasing shoot density or K content in leaf tissue of creeping bentgrass.

Development of a digital image analysis method for real-time estimation of chlorophyll content in micropropagated potato plants

S. Dutta Gupta,Yasuomi Ibaraki,A. K. Pattanayak 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.1

The present work describes a digital imageanalysis method based on leaf color analysis to estimatechlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated potatoplantlets. For estimation of chlorophyll content, a simple leafdigital analysis procedure using a simple digital still camerawas applied in parallel to a SPAD chlorophyll content meter. RGB features were extracted from the image and correlatedwith the SPAD values. None of the mean brightness parameters(RGB) were correlated with the actual chlorophyllcontent following simple correlation studies. However, acorrelation between the chromaticity co-ordinates ‘r’, ‘b’ andchlorophyll content was observed, while co-ordinate ‘g’ wasnot significantly correlated with chlorophyll content. Linearregression and artificial neural networks (ANN) were appliedfor correlating the mean brightness (RGB) and meanbrightness ratio (rgb) features to chlorophyll content ofplantlet leaves determined through a SPAD meter. Thechlorophyll content as determined by the SPAD meter wassignificantly correlated (RMSE = 3.97 and 3.59, respectively,for linear and ANN models) to the rgb values of leafimage analysis. Both the models indicate successful predictionof chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagatedplants with high correlation. The developed RGB-baseddigital image analysis has the advantage over conventionalsubjective methods for being objective, fast, non-invasive,and inexpensive. The system could be utilized for real-timeestimation of chlorophyll content and subsequent analysis ofphotosynthetic and hyperhydric status of the micropropagatedplants for better ex vitro survival.

Selecting Significant Wavelengths to Predict Chlorophyll Content of Grafted Cucumber Seedlings Using Hyperspectral Images

( Sung Hyuk Jang ),( Yong Kee Hwang ),( Ho Jun Lee ),( Jae Su Lee ),( Yong Hyeon Kim ) 대한원격탐사학회 2018 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

This study was performed to select the significant wavelengths for predicting the chlorophyll content of grafted cucumber seedlings using hyperspectral images. The visible and near-infrared (VNIR) images and the short-wave infrared images of cucumber cotyledon samples were measured by two hyperspectral cameras. A correlation coefficient spectrum (CCS), a stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), and partial least squares (PLS) regression were used to determine significant wavelengths. Some wavelengths at 501, 505, 510, 543, 548, 619, 718, 723, and 727 nm were selected by CCS, SMLR, and PLS as significant wavelengths for estimating chlorophyll content. The results from the calibration models built by SMLR and PLS showed fair relationship between measured and predicted chlorophyll concentration. It was concluded that the hyperspectral imaging technique in the VNIR region is suggested effective for estimating the chlorophyll content of grafted cucumber leaves, non-destructively.

해파리 비료 시비처리가 상수리나무 유묘의 광합성과 엽록소 함량에 미치는 영향

이경철,전근우,김석우,윤주웅,김용래,이창우,서동진,한상균 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.53 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of jellyfish Fertilizer level on thephotosynthetic responses and chlorophyll contents in seedling of Quercus acutissima. Thetreatments were regulated with the five different treatments (non-treated, 1.6, 2.7, 5.5, and 11.1 g/kg). The addition of jellyfish fertilizer increased soil water contents and leaf water potential. This canbe attributed to the colloidal of jellyfish fertilizer, enhancing the soil water-holding capacity. Thephotosynthetic activity of 1.6 g/kg treatment such as maximum photosynthesis rate, stomatalconductance, stomatal transpiration rate, Fv/Fm and Soil to leaf specific hydraulic conductance were clearly increased. And also, 1.6 g/kg treatment showed relatively better chlorophyll andcarotenoid contents and Fv/Fo. Similarly, The 2.7 g/kg treatment also showed relatively highphotosynthetic activity and chlorophyll contents. However, non-treated were shown the oppositetrend. Especially, the photosynthetic activity of the 11.1 g/kg treatment exhibited the lowest inspite of higher soil water contents. This implies that physiological disturbance may be due toexcessive fertilization. In conclusion, the 1.6 g/kg and 2.7 g/kg jellyfish fertilization increases soilwater-holding capacity and photosynthetic activity of Q. acutissima seedling. 이 연구는 해파리 비료 시비처리 수준에 따른 상수리나무 유묘의 광합성 반응과 엽록소 함량 변화를 알아보기 위해 수행되었으며, 시비처리는 5가지로 조절하였다(무시비처리구, 1.6 g/kg, 2.7 g/kg, 5.5 g/kg과 11.1 g/kg). 해파리 비료 시비처리시 토양수분함량과 잎의 수분포텐셜은 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 해파리 비료의 콜로이드 특성이 토양의 수분보유력을 높이는 것을 알 수 있다. 1.6 g/kg 처리구에서 최대광합성속도, 기공증산속도, 기공전도도, Fv/Fm 및 토양-엽 수리전도도 등 전반적인 광합성 활성이 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 엽록소와 카로테노이드 함량 및 Fv/Fo 역시 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이와 유사하게2.7 g/kg 처리구 역시 광합성 활성과 엽록소 함량이 높은 것으로(p<0.05) 나타났으나 무처리구는 이와반대되는 경향을 보였다. 특히 11.1 g/kg 처리구 경우 토양수분함량은 가장 높았으나 잎의 수분포텐셜은상대적으로 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 과도한 시비에 따른 생리적인 장애로 생각된다. 결론적으로 1.6 g/kg과 2.7 g/kg 해파리 비료 시비처리시 상수리나무 유묘의 토양수분 보유력과 광합성 활성이 증가됨을 알수 있다.

Effects of 1-MCP on Softening, Yellowing and H2O2 Content in Post-harvest ‘Jingbaili’ Pear Fruit during and after Cold Storage

Yu Dong,Liqin Liu,Yingying Zhang,Junfeng Guan 한국원예학회 2014 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.55 No.5

‘Jingbaili’ pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) fruit shows rapid softening, yellowing and short shelf-life atambient temperature storage. In this study, ‘Jingbaili’ pear fruits were treated with 1.0 μL·L-1 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) for 24 hours at 25 ± 2°C and then stored at 0°C. After 60 and 120 days of cold storage at 0°C, pearfruits were removed and stored at 20 ± 2°C to assess their shelf-life. The results indicated that the 1-MCP treatmentdelayed the decrease in firmness and chlorophyll (a, b, and a+b) content of peel, reduced the rates of respiration andethylene production, and inhibited the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was observed in the untreatedfruits during and after cold storage. Less difference was found in soluble solids content (SSC) between the controland 1-MCP-treated fruits during storage. The correlation analysis showed that flesh H2O2 content was negativelyrelated to firmness and also peel H2O2 content to peel chlorophyll a+b content. These results suggested that the1-MCP treatment could delay the fruit softening and chlorophyll degradation by suppressing the accumulation ofH2O2 content during and after cold storage in ‘Jingbaili’ pear.

우리나라 가문비나무의 침엽 수명, 광색소 및 질소 배분 특성

한심희 ( Sim Hee Han ),김두현 ( Du Hyun Kim ),김길남 ( Gil Nam Kim ),윤충원 ( Chung Weon Yun ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

We have investigated needle life span, photosynthetic pigment and nitrogen allocation pattern in the needle of Picea jezoensis in the three populations (Gyebangsan, Deogyusan and Jirisan) to find out growth environmental condition which needs the strategy development of conservation and restoration against population decline. Needle survival rate was the highest in Gyebangsan (87.0%) and the lowest in Jirisan (71.6%), and it decreased with the increase of needle age. Needle chlorophyll a and b in Deogyusan and Jirisan showed higher content in older needle, but chlorophyll content in Gyebangsan was the highest in 2-year-old needle. Carotenoid content was the highest in the needle in Gyebangsan, and it increased along with needle age. Chlorophyll a/b ratio showed the highest value in Jirisan and the lowest value in Gyebangsan. Chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio decreased with needle age, Needle nitrogen content was the highest in Deogyusan (1.51%) and the lowest in Gyebangsan (1.40%), and the older needle had the lower content. In contrast, the highest chlorophyll/nitrogen ratio represented the oldest needle.