들잔디 방사선 변이체의 형태, 생리 및 AFLP 분석을 통한 변이다양성 평가

이긍주,이상기,김영선,전용삼,이가연 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.4

With limited genetic resources, traditional methods of turfgrass breeding such as plant introduction, recurrent selection, and hybridization have shown difficulties of genetic recombination and increase in genetic variation. Considering the challenges, radiationinduced mutation is an alternative tool to extend genetic diversity in the short term. This study was to assess morphological and genetic difference of radiation-induced Korean lawngrass ( Z. japonica ) mutants from non-radiated wild type. Those mutants irradiated with 200-250 Gy radiation were selected for their unique morphological and physiological characteristics including fine-leaf, dwarf, higher tiller and density, or low temperature greening. Compared to pot evaluation under green house, all the morphological traits were significantly different among accessions in the field conditions. Selected mutants showing reduced leaf width, angle, and plant height demonstrated consistent performance both in pot and field studies. Selections exhibiting green color retention in the beginning of dormancy were found to have lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating resistant to oxidation of lipid membrane with lower temperature. The phylogenic tree from the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis verified the expanded genetic diversity, where nonirradiated control was grouped in a separate clade, with farther genetic distance from other mutants. The polymorphic information content describing the chance of different allele at marker loci indicates that about 16% of the allele changes was partly attributed to gamma radiation or proton beam as a physical mutagen. The confirmed results demonstrated that the mutation induction can secure desirable traits of zoysiagrass, with providing the enlarged genetic diversity.

배수성이 다른 자생 버뮤다그래스의 휴면 전후 항산화 효소활성 및 세포막 안정성 변화

이긍주,이혜정,마기윤,전영주,김인경 한국잔디학회 2011 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.25 No.1

Korean bermudagrass collections showed diverse genetic variations in their morphology, growth habit, and cytological aspects. Chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the bermudagrasses indicated a ploidy level ranging from triploid (2n=3x) to hexaploid (2n=6x). In this study, we investigated the different responses of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) and cell membrane stability of those bermudagrass cytotypes to lower temperature and shorter day length, which meets a dormant induction in Korea. All the antioxidant enzymes were found to be higher during dormant stage, while the heme-containing catalase which converts hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) to water and oxygen molecules was activated before dormant initiation in the three cytotypes except for hexaploid bermudagrass. The triploid and tetraploid which exhibited relatively finer leaves and a rapid establishment speed were found to show increased activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme. The malondialdehyde(MDA) which is a product of lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane damaged by the hydroxyl radical was increased in all cytotypes as temperature declined, and tri- and tetraploids which had more protective antioxidant enzymes demonstrated a significantly lower MDA production. Similarly electrolyte leakage was higher in penta- and hexaploidy, seemingly more damage to cell membrane when low temperature was implemented. Results indicated that antioxidant responses of different cytotypes were genetically specific, which needs to be investigated the relevance with the low temperature tolerance in the bermudagrass further at the molecular level. 기존 보고된 바에 의하면 한국 자생 버뮤다그래스는 군집 내에서 형태학, 생육 특성, 세포학적 특성에 대해 유전적으로 매우 다양한 변이를 보여주었다. 버뮤다그래스의염색체 수와 핵 DNA 량에 따르면 배수성 수준의 범위가3배체((2n=3x), 4배체(2n=4x), 5배체(2n=5x), 6배체(2n=6x)로 나타났었다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서 휴면이 유도되는저온과 짧은 일장에 대한 항산화효소(superoxide dismutase,catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase)의 다양한 반응과각 버뮤다그래스 세포형의 세포막 안정성을 조사하였다. 모든 항산화효소는 휴면 기간동안 높게 나타났으나, 과산화수소를 물과 산소 분자로 변환시키는 헴기를 함유한 카탈라제는 6배체 버뮤다그래스를 제외한 세 개의 세포형에서 휴면이 개시되기 전에 활성화되었다. 상대적으로 세엽이며 생육속도가 빠른3배체와 4배체는 superoxide dismutase와 peroxidase 효소의 활성이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 수산기를 가진 라디칼에 의해 손상을 받은 세포막에서 지질과산화의 산물인 말론디알데히드(MDA)는 온도가 감소함에 따라 모든 세포형에서 증가되었고, 방어적인 항산화효소를 더 갖고 있는 3배체와 4배체는 MDA 생산이 현저하게 더 낮게 나타났다. 전해질 유출은 5배체와 6배체에서더 높았던 것과 유사하게, 저온이 적용될 때 외견상으로세포막에 더 손상을 받는 것 같았다. 실험 결과, 서로 다른 세포형(cytotype)의 항산화 반응은 유전적으로 특이적이며, 이는 버뮤다그래스에서 저온 저항성과의 연관성을분자 수준에서 더 연구하는 것이 필요하다.

Genetic diversity assessment of lily genotypes native to Korea based on simple sequence repeat markers

이긍주,Shipra Kumari,Bashistha Kumar Kanth,김영선,장지영 한국식물생명공학회 2019 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.46 No.3

Molecular characterization of different genotypes reveals accurate information about the degree of genetic diversity that helps to develop a proper breeding program. In this study, a total of 30 EST-based simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from trumpet lily (Lilium longiflorum) were used across 11 native lily species for their genetic relationship. Among these 30 markers, 24 SSR markers that showed polymorphism were used for evaluation of diversity spectrum. The allelic number at per locus ranged from 1 at SSR2 locus to 34 alleles at SSR15 locus, with an average of 11.25 alleles across 24 loci observed. The polymorphic information content, PIC, values ranged from 0.0523 for SSR9 to 0.9919 for SSR2 in all 24 loci with an average of 0.3827. The allelic frequency at every locus ranged from 0.81% at SSR2 locus to 99.6% at SSR14 locus. The pairwise genetic dissimilarity coefficient revealed the highest genetic distance with a value of 81.7% was in between L. dauricum and L. amabile. A relatively closer genetic distance was found between L. lancifolium and L. dauricum, L. maximowiczii and L. concolor, L. maximowiczii and L. distichum (Jeju), L. tsingtauense and L. callosum, L. cernuum and L. distichum (Jeju ecotype), of which dissimilarity coefficient was 50.0%. The molecular fingerprinting based on microsatellite marker could serve boldly to recognize genetically distant accessions and to sort morphologically close as well as duplicate accessions.

A Wide Array of Phenotypic Components and Their Contributions to Variations in Calanthe Orchid Landraces

이긍주,김광수,김종선,박종환,김진백,김동섭,강시용 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.6

The terrestrial orchid Calanthe (Calanthe spp.) comprises about 171 species distributed in the world, but only four species and two natural hybrids are known to grow in Korea. In order to enhance their marketing values by cultivar development of Calanthe, phenotypic variables accounting for a greater genetic diversity of 98 Korean Calanthe landraces were determined in this study. Data for a total of 84 traits were recorded by measuring quantitatively or scoring visually. A multivariate data analysis method was implemented, which included a principal component analysis (PCA), a factor analysis, and a variable clustering analysis. The cumulative variation of 98 accessions explained by three principal components was 46.1, 47.6, 54.5, and 42.5%, explained by variables in the whole plant, leaf, and bract (WLB), flower, sepal and petal (SP), and lip and spur (LS) categories, respectively. The genotypic similarity among 98 Korean Calanthe landraces was highest in C. sieboldii (97.7%), followed by C. discolor (97.0%) and C. x bicolor (90.1%). A minimum set of variables include bract size, flower stalk length, flower fragrance, lateral sepal length, and lip mid lobe margin undulation for the population diversity in the Calanthe species.

유기질비료 Turf Spice(838)의 대취 분해력 및 한국들잔디 갈색퍼짐병 방제 효과

이긍주,태현숙,장공만,김영선,김남희 한국잔디학회 2023 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.12 No.3

제3종 복합비료인 Turf spice (838)의 잔디 대취 분해 효과, 분리 미생물의 갈색퍼짐병 병원균에 대한 길항작용, 그리고인천 소재 골프장의 페어웨이 현장 적용에 따른 갈색퍼짐병 재발생 억제 효과를 조사하였다. Turf spice (838)에 함유된미생물 B. subtilis T2의 갈색퍼짐병 병원균에 대한 길항력을 등록된 미생물 농약 제노탄(B. subtilis KBC1010)과 비교한결과, 배양 2주 후 균사 생육이 억제된 거리는 Turf spice (838)이 1.93±0.46 츠, 제노탄이 1.83±0.51 cm로 갈색퍼짐병에대한 길항력이 유사한 수준으로 나타났다. Turf spice (838)을 잔디 예지물에 50 g m-2 처리한 후 90일 동안 분해율을 조사한 결과 31.8%로 화학비료 처리구의 18.2% 비해 1.7배 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 갈색퍼짐병이 대량 발생된 골프장 페어웨이에 40 g m-2 수준으로 처리한 후 재발생 여부를 조사한 결과, Turf spice (838)를 처리한 홀은 발생 면적이 2,860 ㎡, 일반 유기질 비료를 시비한 홀은 6,045 ㎡로 Turf spice (838) 처리구가 갈색퍼짐병 발생 면적이 절반 수준으로 감소됨을 알수 있었다. The use of effective anti-microbes has been suggested as an alternative method to control large patch disease among some sustainable management tools. The decomposition of zoysiagrass thatch and the suppression effect on the disease recurrence were investigated in the fairway infected with the large patch pathogen after applying Turf spice (838), the antagonistic action of the isolated bacteria from Turf spice (838) against a Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 (IV) pathogen causing the large patch disease, and the suppression effect. In the paring culture, the Bacisllus subtilis T2 contained in Turf spice (838) showed a clean zone distance of 1.93 ± 0.46 cm, which was statistically not different from 1.83 ± 0.51 cm when used the registered microbial pesticide Zenotan containing B. subtilis KBC1010, indicating that both appeared to inhibit the mycelial growth of R. solani AG2-2 (IV). After mixing the dried zoysiagrass clippings with Turf spice (838) at 50 g m-2, the decomposition rate for 90 days was 31.8%, which was 1.7 times higher than that of the chemical fertilizer treatment. In the results of treating the fairway of Dream Park CC (Incheon, Korea), holes applied with Turf spice (838) at 40 g m-2 rate averaged the areas of large patch by half, compared to holes treated with a conventional organic fertilizer showing infection areas of 6,045 m2. Although multi-year or regional replications are needed, the current data revealed the potential effect of Turf spice (838) as a functional organic fertilizer for boosting zoysia growth and large patch control.

유기질 비료 다후스파이스의 한국잔디 최적 시비 조건의 규명

이긍주,태현숙,장공만,김영선,김남희 한국잔디학회 2022 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.11 No.4

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer ‘Turf spice (838)’ on the growth improvement of Koran lawngrass in the experimental field and golf course fairway. Compared to the chemical fertilizer ‘Turf plus’ control plot, ‘Turf spice (838)’ was found to perform a similar chlorophyll index, shoot density, and root growth when applied at the higher than 40 g m-2 rate (3.2 g N m-2). Leaf nitrogen and potassium contents were maintained during the experiment periods up to 10 weeks after application, and mean phosphorous uptake was even increased at a higher than 40 g m-2 rate for the period. Preliminary data showed that the application of ‘Turf spice (838)’ reduced soil organic compounds from 3.67% to 3.44% in the control and 40 g m-2 plots, respectively, which remains to be further clarified by investigating thatch degradation and microbe activities. 다후스파이스(838)의 한국잔디 페어웨이 최적 시비 방법은 1회 시비량으로 40 g m-2 이상으로 시비할 경우 잔디의 생육과 관련한 엽록소 함량, 지상부 신초의 밀도 및 뿌리 생장 등 주요 생육 지표가 대조구인 화학비료를 관용적으로 사용하는 것과 비교하여 유사하게 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. 비효 지속 기간을 조사한 결과 시비 후 2~10주 동안 잔디 잎의 질소와 칼륨은 일반 화학비료 시비와 비슷한 수준을 유지하였으며, 인산은 40 g m-2 이상 시비구에서 흡수량이 지속적으로 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 한편 유기질 비료 다후스파이스(838)는 생육 개선 효과 외에 토양의 유기물 함량을 낮춤으로써 대취 분해 효과를 높일 수 있는 시비 방법으로 여겨졌다.

배수성이 다른 자생 버뮤다그래스의 휴면 전후 항산화 효소활성 및 세포막 안정성 변화

이긍주,이혜정,마기윤,전영주,김인경,Lee, Geung-Joo,Lee, Hye-Jung,Ma, Ki-Yoon,Jeon, Young-Ju,Kim, In-Kyung 한국잔디학회 2011 한국잔디학회지 Vol.25 No.1

기존 보고된 바에 의하면 한국 자생 버뮤다그래스는 군집 내에서 형태학, 생육 특성, 세포학적 특성에 대해 유전적으로 매우 다양한 변이를 보여주었다. 버뮤다그래스의 염색체 수와 핵 DNA 량에 따르면 배수성 수준의 범위가, 3배 체(2n=3x), 4배체(2n=4x), 5배체(2n=5x), 6배체(2n=6x)로 나타났었다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서 휴면이 유도되는저온과 짧은 일장에 대한 항산화효소(superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase)의 다양한 반응과 각 버뮤다그래스 세포형의 세포막 안정성을 조사하였다. 모든 항산화효소는 휴면 기간동안 높게 나타났으나, 과산화수소를 물과 산소 분자로 변환시키는 헴기를 함유한 카탈라제는 6배체 버뮤다그래스를 제외한 세 개의 세포형에서 휴면이 개시되기 전에 활성화되었다. 상대적으로 세엽이며 생육속도가 빠른3배체와 4배체는 superoxide dismutase와 peroxidase 효소의 활성이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 수산기를 가진 라디칼에 의해 손상을 받은 세포막에서 지질과산화의 산물인 말론디알데히드(MDA)는 온도가 감소함에 따라 모든 세포형에서 증가되었고, 방어적인 항산화효소를 더 갖고 있는 3배체와 4배체는 MDA 생산이 현저하게 더 낮게 나타났다. 전해질 유출은 5배체와 6배체에서 더 높았던 것과 유사하게, 저온이 적용될 때 외견상으로 세포막에 더 손상을 받는 것 같았다. 실험 결과, 서로 다른 세포형(cytotype)의 항산화 반응은 유전적으로 특이적이며, 이는 버뮤다그래스에서 저온 저항성과의 연관성을 분자 수준에서 더 연구하는 것이 필요하다. Korean bennudagrass collections showed diverse genetic variations in their morphology, growth habit, and cytological aspects. Chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the bennudagrasses indicated a ploidy level ranging from triploid (2n=3x) to hexaploid (2n=6x). In this study, we investigated the different responses of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) and cell membrane stability of those bennudagrass cytotypes to lower temperature and shorter day length, which meets a dormant induction in Korea. All the antioxidant enzymes were found to be higher during dormant stage, while the heme-containing catalase which converts hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) to water and oxygen molecules was activated before dormant initiation in the three cytotypes except for hexaploid bennudagrass. The triploid and tetraploid which exhibited relatively finer leaves and a rapid establishment speed were found to show increased activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme. The malondialdehyde(MDA) which is a product of lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane damaged by the hydroxyl radical was increased in all cytotypes as temperature declined, and tri- and tetraploids which had more protective antioxidant enzymes demonstrated a significantly lower MDA production. Similarly electrolyte leakage was higher in penta- and hexaploidy, seemingly more damage to cell membrane when low temperature was implemented. Results indicated that antioxidant responses of different cytotypes were genetically specific, which needs to be investigated the relevance with the low temperature tolerance in the bermudagrass further at the molecular level.

일장 반응성이 다른 국화에서 개화조절 유전자와의 관련성 탐색

이긍주(Geung-Joo Lee),김인경(In-Kyeong Kim) 한국원예학회 2012 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2012 No.5

절화 백합의 개화 발달 단계별 에틸렌 발생 및 생합성 유전자들의 발현 분석

이긍주(Geung-Joo Lee),이가연(Ka Youn Lee) 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.10

자생 사구식물의 유전 다양성 정보를 통한 동해안사구 건강성 평가

이긍주(Geung Joo Lee),장리리(Lili Zhang),김인경(In-Kyung Kim),이소영(So-Young Lee),박필숙(Phil-Sook Park),마기윤(Ki-Yoon Ma) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.10