Chemotaxonomy of Trichoderma spp. Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Profiling

( Dae Jung Kang ),( Ji Young Kim ),( Jung Nam Choi ),( Kwang Hyeon Liu ),( Choong Hwan Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.1

In this study, seven Trichoderma species (33 strains) were classified using secondary metabolite profile-based chemotaxonomy. Secondary metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and multivariate statistical methods. T. longibrachiatum and T. virens were independently clustered based on both internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and secondary metabolite analyses. T. harzianum formed three subclusters in the ITS-based phylogenetic tree and two subclusters in the metabolite-based dendrogram. In contrast, T. koningii and T. atroviride strains were mixed in one cluster in the phylogenetic tree, whereas T. koningii was grouped in a different subcluster from T. atroviride and T. hamatum in the chemotaxonomic tree. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to determine which metabolites were responsible for the clustering patterns observed for the different Trichoderma strains. The metabolites were hetelidic acid, sorbicillinol, trichodermanone C, giocladic acid, bisorbicillinol, and three unidentified compounds in the comparison of T. virens and T. longibrachiatum; harzianic acid, demethylharzianic acid, homoharzianic acid, and three unidentified compounds in T. harzianum I and II; and koninginin B, E, and D, and six unidentified compounds in T. koningii and T. atroviride. The results of this study demonstrate that secondary metabolite profiling-based chemotaxonomy has distinct advantages relative to ITS-based classification, since it identified new Trichoderma clusters that were not found using the latter approach.

Cuticular hydrocarbon pattern as a chemotaxonomy marker to assess six species of thrips

Chen Ting,Li Qunchen,Qi Guojun,Gao Yan,Zhao Chenyin,Lu Lihua 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

Thrips constitute several families of slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. They have become globally important pests, infesting a variety of agriculturally important crops. Species of thrips are difficult to identify due to their small size and similarities in morphology. Recently, in addition to morphology, both molecular and non-molecular taxonomic tools have been used to identify species differences. Insect cuticular hydrocarbons have been widely used in chemotaxonomy. In this study, a Thermal Separation Probe was used to identify the cuticular hydrocarbons of Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips palmi, Thrips hawaiiensis, Haplothrips chinensis and Gynaikothrips ficorum. We analyzed the hydrocarbon com position of adults in all 6 species, and in the larvae of F. occidentalis, T. hawaiiensis and T. palmi. The results showed that the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons differed between species. All 6 species of adults and 3 species of larvae were easily distinguishable by quantitative analysis of hydrocarbon profiles. These results provide a possible method for the identification of thrips.

A chemosystematic investigation of selected Stichococcus-like organisms (Trebouxiophyta)

Van, Anh Tu,Karsten, Ulf,Glaser, Karin The Korean Society of Phycology 2021 ALGAE Vol.36 No.2

The taxonomy of green microalgae relies traditionally on morphological traits but has been rapidly changing since the advent of molecular methods. Stichococcus Nägeli is a cosmopolitan terrestrial algal genus of the class Trebouxiophyceae that has recently been split into seven lineages, which, along with Pseudostichococcus, comprise the Stichococcuslike group; there is a need to further characterize these genera, since they are morphologically enigmatic. Here we used organic osmolytes as chemotaxonomic marker to verify the phylogenetic position of Stichococcus-like strains and were also able to exclude a strain hitherto identified as Gloeotila contorta from this group. Stichococcus-like organisms, including those recently revised, were characterized by the production of the polyol sorbitol and the disaccharide sucrose in high amounts, as is typical of Prasiola-clade algae. The results demonstrate that organic osmolyte chemotaxonomy can support green algal taxonomic designations as fundamental research.

DNA Topoisomerase Ⅰ Inhibitor를 생성하는 방선균 분리균주의 수리동정

이동선,하상철,신우창,김태호,김홍중,박용하,김종국,홍순덕 한국산업미생물학회 1995 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.23 No.2

DNA topoisomerase I은 DNA topology 변환을 촉매하는 효소로서 최근에는 항암제 탐색계에서 사용되고 있으며, 본 효소활성에 저해능이 있는 항생 물질을 생산하는 방선균을 토양으로부터 분리하여 형태학적, 화학적 분석 및 수리동정을 실시한 결과 Streptomyces sp.로 속을 결정하였으며, 39개의 분류 단위형질을 TAXON program에 적용하여 종의 수리 동정을 실시한 결과 분리균 7489는 Streptomyces의 제 32 주군집에 속하는 Streptomyces melanosporofaciens와 가장 높은 유사성을 나타났다. 따라서 분리주는 Streptomyces melanosporofaciens의 한 균주로 동정하였다. DNA topoisomerase I have been shown to be important therapeutic target in cancer chemotherapy. Chemotaxonomy and numerical identification were carried out for an isolate strain No.7489 producing an antibiotic that inhibits DNA topoisomerase I activity. The genus of strain No.7489 was determined as Streptomyces sp. from culture, morphological and chemotaxonomic data. Thirty-nine taxonomic unit characters were tested and the data were analyzed numerically using the TAXON program. The isolate was best matched to Streptomyces melanosporofaciens in the major cluster 32 of Streptomyces. Therefore, it was concluded that the isolate was identified to be a member of Streptomyces melanosporofaciens.

Metabolic classification of herb plants by NMR-based metabolomics

Kim, Hee-Eun,Choi, Ye Hun,Choi, Kwang-Ho,Park, Ji Su,Kim, Hyeon Su,Jeon, Jun Hyeok,Heu, Min Soo,Shin, Dong-Seon,Lee, Joon-Hwa Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2012 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.16 No.2

Metabolomics is the systematic identification and quantification of all metabolites in an organism or biological sample. NMR has been used as a major application tool in plant metabolomics such as quality control, chemotaxonomy, and analysis of genetically modified plants. Herbal medicines are the important therapeutics and are used to manage common diseases such as cold, inflammation, pain, heart diseases, liver cirrhosis, diabetes and central nerve system diseases. Herb plants include various kinds of species such as geranium, mint, and thyme and so on and contain different kinds of metabolites. We performed NMR-based metabolomics study on the seven different species of herb plants using $^1H$ NMR experiments and OPLS-DA to understand the correlation between the classification of herb plants and their metabolite contents. This study showed clear metabolic discrimination among various herb plants. This metabolmics study found several diagnostic NMR signals which are able to be used as bio-markers for identification of the specific herb plants among various species. Clear metabolic discrimination of herb plants suggests three chemotaxonomic groups of herb species.

Metabolic classification of herb plants by NMR-based metabolomics

Hee-Eun Kim,Ye Hun Choi,Kwang-Ho Choi,Ji Su Park,Hyeon Su Kim,Jun Hyeok Jeon,허민수,Dong-Seon Shin,이준화 한국자기공명학회 2012 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.16 No.2

Metabolomics is the systematic identification and quantification of all metabolites in an organism or biological sample. NMR has been used as a major application tool in plant metabolomics such as quality control,chemotaxonomy, and analysis of genetically modified plants. Herbal medicines are the important therapeutics and are used to manage common diseases such as cold, inflammation, pain, heart diseases, liver cirrhosis,diabetes and central nerve system diseases. Herb plants include various kinds of species such as geranium, mint, and thyme and so on and contain different kinds of metabolites. We performed NMR-based metabolomics study on the seven different species of herb plants using 1H NMR experiments and OPLS-DA to understand the correlation between the classification of herb plants and their metabolite contents. This study showed clear metabolic discrimination among various herb plants. This metabolmics study found several diagnostic NMR signals which are able to be used as bio-markers for identification of the specific herb plants among various species. Clear metabolic discrimination of herb plants suggests three chemotaxonomic groups of herb species.

활성산소를 발생하는 항생물질을 생성하는 방선균 분리균주의 수리동정

이동선,하상철,신우창,김태호,김홍중,박용하,김종국,홍순덕 한국산업미생물학회 1995 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.23 No.4

활성산소 발생능이 있는 항생물질을 생산하는 방선균을 토양으로부터 분리하여 형태학적, 화학적 분석 및 수리동정을 실시하였다. 39개의 분류 단위형질을 TAXON program에 적용하여 종의 수리동정을 실시한 결과 분리균 8001는 Streptomyces의 제 1B 주군집에 속하는 Streptomyces citreofluorescens와 가장 높은 유사성을 나타났다. 따라서 분리주는 Streptomyces citreofluorescens의 한균주로 동정하였다. Chemotaxonomy and numerical identification were carried out for an isolate strain No.8001 producing an antibiotic that generates oxygen radical. The genus of strain No.8001 was decided as Streptomyces sp. from chemotaxonomic data. Thirty-nine taxonomic unit characters were tested and the data were analyzed numerically using the TAXON program. The isolate was best matched to Streptomyces citreofluorescens in the major cluster 1B of Streptomyces. Therefore, it was concluded that the isolate was identified to be a member of Streptomyces citreofluorescens.

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Genetic Relationships Among Acanthopanax Species

Sang-Yong Park,Chang-Soo Yook,Toshihiro Nohara,Takayuki Mizutani,Takayuki Tanaka 대한약학회 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.12

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to determine the genetic relationships among seventeen species of the Acanthopanax species. The DNA isolated from the leaves of the samples was used as template in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with twenty random decamer primers in order to distinguish plant subspecies at the level of their genomes. The RAPD patterns were compared by calculating pairwise distances using Dice similarity index, and produced to the genetic similarity dendrogram by unweighted pair-group method arithmetic averaged (UPGMA) analysis, showing three groups; a major cluster(twelve species), minor cluster (4 species) and single-clustering species. The results of RAPD were compatible with the morphological classification, as well as the chemotaxonomic classification of the Acanthopanax species. The Acanthopanax species containing 3,4-seco-lupane type triterpene compounds in their leaves corresponded to the major cluster, another species having oleanane or normal lupane type constituents to minor clusters, and one species not containing triterpenoidal compound to single-cluster.

Anthraquinones with Antibacterial Activities from Crucianella maritima L. Growing in Egypt

Abdalla M. El-Lakany,Maha A. Aboul-Ela,Maged S. Abdel-Kader,Jihan M. Badr,Nawal N. Sabri,Yousry Goher 한국생약학회 2004 Natural Product Sciences Vol.10 No.2

From the extracts of Crucianella maritima L. (Rubiaceae), five new anthraquinones namely; 1-hydroxy- 2-methyl-6-methoxy anthraquinone, 6-methoxy-2-methyl quinizarin, 6-methyl-anthragallol-2,3-dimethyl ether, 6-methyl-anthragallol-2-methyl ether, and 1-hydroxy-2-carbomethoxyanthraquinone were isolated and identified. In addition, deacetyl asperulosidic acid 6'-glucoside sodium salt, a new iridoid diglucoside, along with twelve known anthraquinones, three flavonols, three sterols, and one triterpene were also isolated and identified for the first time from this plant. Their chemical structures were established by physical, chemical and spectroscopic data, including UV, MS, ID- and 2D-NMR analyses. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic activities and a preliminary clinical trial of the crude extracts and some isolates are also presented. Chemotaxonomical aspects are briefly discussed.

Hybridization of Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea -Analyses of Morphological variation and Flavonoid chemistry-

( Jin Hee Park ),( Chong Wook Park ) 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2

This research was conducted in order to understand the hybridization between Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea which show wide range of morphological variations within species and interspecific variations of diverse overlapping characteristics caused by hybridization. Morphological analysis (principal components analysis; PCA) of 116 individuals representing two species and their intermediates were performed. As a result, two species were clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, and intermediate morpho-types assumed to be hybrids between the two species were mostly located in the middle of each parent species in the plot of the principal components analysis. There was a clear distinction between two species in trichome distribution pattern which is an important diagnostic character in taxonomy of genus Quercus, whereas intermediate morpho-types showed intermediate state between two species’ trichome distributions. Forty-two individuals representing two species and their intermediates were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified: They were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin. The flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena were five glycosylated derivatives: kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. The flavonoid constituents of Q. serrata had 20 diverse flavonol compounds including five flavonoid compounds found in Q. aliena. It was found that there is a clear difference in flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Flavonoid chemistry is very useful in recognizing each species and putative hybrids. The flavonoid constituents of intermediates were a mixture of the two species’ constituents and they generally showed similar characteristics to morpho-types. The hybrids between Q. aliena and Q. serrata showed morphologically and chemically diverse characteristics and it is assumed that there are frequent interspecific hybridization and introgression.