물유리계 바인더의 첨가제가 Al-Si7Mg 합금 주조 시 소착에 미치는 영향

배민아,김명환,박정욱,이만식 대한금속·재료학회 2018 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.56 No.4

Traditional organic binders used by the foundry industry produce problems such as generation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), smoke and etc. A water glass binder system has been developed to improve the casting strength and to solve the environmental problems. However the water glass binder has a serious problem of sand burning. In this study, a commercial water glass binder was modified to reduce sand burning during aluminium casting by the addition of Calcium carbonate, activated carbon, and monosaccharide. The modified water glass binder was characterized by XRF, viscometer and TGA-DTA. We then evaluated the water glass binder core strength. Casting tests were conducted using Al-Si7Mg alloy to compare the ability to prevent sand burning in a sand mold. The XRF results of the prepared modified water glass binder showed a similar molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O to the commercial one. From the TGA-DTA analysis and gas emission calculation, it was considered that gas generation and corresponding inhibition of sand burning would be maximized with the monosaccharide-added water glass binder. Casting evaluation showed reduced sand burning for the water glass binder with mono saccharide. Also, core strength was found to be similar to the commercial water glass binder. These results prove that the monosaccharide-added water glass binder could replace the traditional organic binder.

Performance Evaluation of 40/50 and 60/70 binder in Asphalt Mixtures

Van Hung Nguyen,Van Du Nguyen,Van Phuc Le 한국도로학회 2018 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.05

The main objective of this research study is the performance evaluation of 40/50 and 60/70 binder for asphalt mixtures in Vietnam. To accomplish the objective of this research, a dense gradation with nominal maximum aggregate size of 19.0mm is used for the asphalt mixtures. Marshall Stability (MS) test, Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) test, Wheel Tracking (WT) test, and Dynamic modulus test are conducted to evaluate the rutting and cracking performance of 40/50 and 60/70 binder in asphalt mixtures. It was found that the Marshall stability of asphalt mixtures using 40/50 binder is about 12% higher than asphalt mixtures using 60/70 binder while the rutting resistance of the mixtures with 40/50 binder shows 2.5 times higher than 60/70 binder at 15,000 load cycles. Moreover, the TSR of asphalt concrete using 40/50 binder and 60/70 binder are approximately 95% and 79%, respectively which means that using 40/50 binder is very good for moisture damage resistance. Finally, the dynamic modulus test was done at a reference temperature of 20oC and frequency of 1,0Hz. The dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture with 40/50 binder is about 6257 MPa, which is two times higher than asphalt mixture using 60/70 binder. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that asphalt mixtures using 40/50 binder can improve the rutting and moisture damage resistance of asphalt concrete under high temperatures and moisture conditions significantly. It is noted that these conclusions were based on only on a limited number of samples and conditions. Further studies must be conducted to investigate the effect of 40/50 binder on fatigue cracking of asphalt pavement in the field.

석조문화재 보수물질로의 적용을 위한 무기질 바인더 안정성 연구

김대식 ( Dae Sik Kim ),도진영 ( Jin Young Do ),조현구 ( Hyen Goo Cho ) 한국광물학회 2014 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.27 No.4

석조문화재 보수물질로서의 적용을 위해 무기질 바인더를 시험하였다. 순수 무기질 바인더와 첨가제를 배합한 3종을 시편으로 제작하였고 거창화강석에 무기질 바인더 시편들을 부착시켜 무기질바인더가 암석에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 무기질 바인더와 반응시킬 pH 4.0과 pH 5.6 수용액을 국강우의 산성도와 함유이온을 토대로 제조하였다. pH 8.0 약알칼리수와 pH 6.85 탈이온수를 준비하산성수의 대조군으로 적용하였다. 물반응 후 무기질 바인더 시편의 무게 감소는 시편의 종류에 따라서는 컸지만 물의 산성도와 상관성은 적었다. 순수 무기질 시편의 압축강도가 가장 컸으나 물반응 감소율이 가장 크다. 큰 흡수율은(6.72-12.44 kg/m2·t1/2) 무기질 바인더로부터 용출된 이온 함량과 상관성이 크다. 모든 액성의 수용액이 무기질 바인더와 반응 후 pH 9.0-10.0로 변화하였으며, 수용액에서는 무기질 바인더에서 용해된 Mg2+와 K+이 다량 검출되었다. 용해된 이온들은 수용액 내 음이온들과 결합하여 높은 용해도를 지닌 MgSO4·nH2O 및 KNO3와 같은 백색염을 형성하였다. 암석강화제 발수제를 처리한 무기질 바인더 시편에서는 이온량이 급격하게 감소하였다. Inorganic binders were studied in order to apply a conservation material for stone monument. A pure inorganic binder and 3 species of inorganic binder which contain additives on the basis of a pure inorganic binder were selected as test samples. Through the application of inorganic binders on Geochang granite investigate their influences on stone. pH 4.0 and 5.6 acid solution, respectively were manufactured on the basis of the acidity of domestic rainfall. Alkaline water with pH 8.0 and deionized water with pH 6.85 were prepared as control group. Changes in weights of inorganic binders were not definite according to the acidity of water while weight losses in inorganic binder type were greater after reaction with the water. The compressive strengths of pure inorganic binder was largest before the test but its decrease rate were larger after reaction with the water. Water absorption rate of inorganic binders are 6.72 to 12.44 kg/m2·t1/2 after reaction with the water. Such high absorption was considered that it forced water to move deep into inorganic binder and made the components of inorganic binder dissolve. Acidities of the water of pH 4.0, 5.6, 6.85 and 8.0, respectively were changed to pH 9.0-10.0 after reaction with the inorganic binders. Ion concentrations in the water changed after reaction with the inorganic binders and Mg2+, and K+ significantly increased, dissolved from the binder. The high concentration of ions detected showed that the binder reacted with water and formed white salts with high solubility such as MgSO4 .nH2O, KNO3. Ion concentrations significantly decreased from the binder after treatment with consolidant and water repellent.

Estimation of High-Temperature Properties of Rubberized Asphalt Using Chromatograph

Sung H. Baek,Hyun H. Kim,도영수,김광우 대한토목학회 2009 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.13 No.3

The rutting resistance index (G*/sinδ ) and chemical composition of rubber-modified binder (RMB) were evaluated using a Dynamic Share Rheometer (DSR) and a Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) system, respectively. A source of base asphalt binder, PG 64-22, was used to make a total of 36 RMBs from two rubber types (ambient and cryogenic), three sizes (passing #14, #30 and #40 sieves), two contents (10% and 15% by wt.of binder) and three reaction times (15, 30 and 45 minutes). Routine PG binder tests were carried out on each binder. RMB was tested as the original binder in the DSR at high temperature. The RMB was then RTFO aged and tested as RTFO in DSR at high temperature. Chromatogram of each binder was measured using a GPC system and relative quantity (%) of large molecular size (LMS) was calculated for each binder. Correlation of LMS with G*/sinδ was evaluated by service temperature; 70, 76 and 82℃. It was found that there was a significant correlation between LMS and rutting resistance index. The size and content of crumb rubber were also significant factors affecting the rheology of binder. In addition, G*/sinδ could be estimated using LMS, crumb rubber type and content with R2 of over 0.92 by the developed prediction model. Therefore, it is possible to predict the G*/sinδ value of rubber-modified binder, with some degree of accuracy, based on LMS value, rubber content and size. The rutting resistance index (G*/sinδ ) and chemical composition of rubber-modified binder (RMB) were evaluated using a Dynamic Share Rheometer (DSR) and a Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) system, respectively. A source of base asphalt binder, PG 64-22, was used to make a total of 36 RMBs from two rubber types (ambient and cryogenic), three sizes (passing #14, #30 and #40 sieves), two contents (10% and 15% by wt.of binder) and three reaction times (15, 30 and 45 minutes). Routine PG binder tests were carried out on each binder. RMB was tested as the original binder in the DSR at high temperature. The RMB was then RTFO aged and tested as RTFO in DSR at high temperature. Chromatogram of each binder was measured using a GPC system and relative quantity (%) of large molecular size (LMS) was calculated for each binder. Correlation of LMS with G*/sinδ was evaluated by service temperature; 70, 76 and 82℃. It was found that there was a significant correlation between LMS and rutting resistance index. The size and content of crumb rubber were also significant factors affecting the rheology of binder. In addition, G*/sinδ could be estimated using LMS, crumb rubber type and content with R2 of over 0.92 by the developed prediction model. Therefore, it is possible to predict the G*/sinδ value of rubber-modified binder, with some degree of accuracy, based on LMS value, rubber content and size.

FTIR 분석을 통한 추출 노후 아스팔트 바인더내 화학 성분 분석에 관한 연구

유상민,임치수,권오선,이재준 한국도로학회 2021 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.23 No.1

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the asphalt binder properties using FTIR analysis. METHODS : To investigate the chemical properties of asphalt binders, FTIR tests were performed. Recently, FTIR was used for quantification under various aging conditions. Three scans were averaged for each sample within the wavenumber range of 4000 to 400 cm-1, at a resolution of 4 cm-1 (default Simatech software settings). To determine the oxidation of the extracted asphalt binder and the remaining TCE solution in the extracted asphalt binder, the penetration test was adopted and compared. To track the changes in the chemical composition of the aged bitumens, the ATR spectrum of each sample was analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis involved identifying characteristic absorption peaks for the functional group of interest, such as polymer components, carbon and sulfur oxidation products, and polar aromatics. RESULTS : The asphalt binder is easily oxidized in air during FTIR testing. To reduce the oxidization of the asphalt binder, the asphalt binder must avoid air contact to measure constant results. Sometimes, the extracted asphalt binder has a residual solvent (TCE), which affects the evaluation of the extracted asphalt binder rheology, such as absolute viscosity and penetration testing. To solve this problem, the research team adopted the FTIR test method. First, the TCE was scanned with FTIR to obtain the chemical characteristics of TCE. After that, the extracted asphalt binder was scanned and the FTIR spectra were compared with those of TCE. If there is a TCE in the extracted asphalt binder, a typical peak was found in the spectrum. Thus, it is possible to estimate the content of the TCE remaining in the extracted asphalt binder via the FTIR test method. CONCLUSIONS : It is possible to evaluate the aging of asphalt binder through FTIR analysis used for the analysis of the chemical structure of asphalt. In addition, during FTIR analysis, the sample is required to avoid air contact to obtain accurate results. FTIR analysis was conducted to confirm whether the solvent (TCE) remained in the extracted asphalt binder and it was confirmed that the penetration increased by a factor of two when the solvent remained. This suggests that it is difficult to control the quality of the asphalt mixture by controlling the amount of recycled additive, as well as the aging of the extracted asphalt binder.

바인더의 첨가가 목재 펠릿의 연료적 특성에 미치는 영향

안병준 ( Byoung Jun Ahn ),장희선 ( Hee Sun Chang ),조선택 ( Seong Taek Cho ),한규성 ( Gyu Seong Han ),양인 ( In Yang ) 한국목재공학회 2013 목재공학 Vol.41 No.6

본 연구는 낙엽송과 백합나무 톱밥을 이용한 펠릿의 제조 과정에서 바인더로 일정량의 유채박, 커피부산물,수피, 솔방울, 리그닌 분말을 첨가하여 바인더의 종류 및 첨가량이 내구성을 포함한 펠릿의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 바인더와 함께 제조한 펠릿의 품질은 국립산림과학원에서 고시한 목재 펠릿 품질 규격 1등급 기준을 대부분 상회하였으며, 일부 과다한 양의 바인더를 첨가하여 제조한 펠릿에서만 높은 회분함량으로 2~3등급 기준을 만족하는 것으로 조사되었다. 바인더 종류 및 첨가량에 따른 펠릿의 내구성은 리그닌,유채박 그리고 커피부산물을 첨가하여 제조한 펠릿에서 우수하였으며, 백합나무 펠릿은 첨가량의 증가와 함께 내구성도 향상되었다. 한편 낙엽송 펠릿의 경우 첨가량의 증가에 따른 내구성 향상 효과는 크지 않았으며, 수피와 솔방울을 바인더로 사용하였을 때 첨가량의 증가와 함께 내구성이 감소하였다. 제조된 펠릿의 광학/전자현미경 관찰을 통하여 바인더의 종류에 따른 차이를 명확하게 확인할 수 없었으나, 첨가량에 따른 차이는 명확하게 관찰 할 수 있었다. 결과를 종합하면, 바인더의 첨가는 목재 펠릿의 품질 향상에 대부분의 항목에서 기여하였으며, 특히 커피부산물을 바인더로 사용하여 제조한 펠릿의 경우 모든 품질에서 뚜렷한 향상을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 저렴한 바인더의 안정적인 확보가 이루어진다면 바인더의 첨가로 인하여 연료적 품질이 향상된 목재 펠릿의 상용화가 가능할 것으로 확신한다. This work was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of binders, such as rapeseed flour, coffee waste, bark, pine cone and lignin powder, on the fuel characteristics of the pellets fabricated with larch and tulip tree sawdust. Moisture content, bulk density and higher heating value of most pellets fabricated with the binders exceeded the lst-grade pellet standard designated by Korea Forest Research lnstitute, but ash content of the pellets fabricated with rapeseed flour or bark of 10wt on the dry weight basis of sawdust was satisfied with just the 2nd-or 3rd-grade standard. The durability of tulip tree-pellets was positively influenced by the addition of rapeseed flour. Coffee waste or lignin powder and increased with increasing the amount of the binders. For larch-pellets the increase of binders did not greatly affect the durability, and even the durability reduced with the increase of bark or pine cone. From the microscopic observation, the obvious feature of pellet surfaces was not identified by the type of binder but by the addition amount of the binder. In summary, the addition of binders contributed to the fuel characteristics of wood pellets, and particularl the characteristics of wood pellets fabricated with coffee waste improved greatly. Therefore, if the binders are secured sufficiently with a reasonable cost, it might be possible to commercialize wood/binder pellets, which have better fuel characteristics than conventional wood pellets.

오일바인더(Oil Binder) 특성에 따른 루즈 파우더(Loose Powder)의 관능적 효과

양윤미 ( Yun Mi Yang ),권미란 ( Mi Ran Kwon ) 한국미용학회 2010 한국미용학회지 Vol.16 No.1

In cosmetics, oil binder is used to improve absorption and moisture protection on the skin. By the types of used oil binder, they show each different characteristics of powder. This study is to know if it is possible to raise the effectiv availability for all users controlling ingredients in the oil binder of loose powder. To accomplish the goal of this study, some material reviews were done about the characteristics and ingredients of loose powder. Also, 4 types of loose powder which were manufactured differently by liquid paraffin of hydrocarbon type, caprylic/capric triglyceride of ester type, octyldodecanol of high-quality alcohol type, DC 345 fluid of silicon oil type, as the ingredients of oil binder, were distributed to 180 people (each person given with 20g) and for 4 days, they were advised to apply one type`s loose powder each day on the face for over 6 hours. Their questionaries were written through self made method. As the result, coverage effect on the skin was good in ester oil binder. Second, refreshing usage and soft spreading effect were good in high-quality alcohol oil binder. Third, durability was good in silicon oil binder. By the above result, It showed that loose powder manufactured by the characteristics of oil binder could make it possible to raise the effective availability for all users. Through this study`s result, controlling the ingredients of oil binder when manufacturing loose powder, we can develop many kinds of loose powder and raise the effective availability of these products.

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Recycled Asphalt Binders with Differing Rejuvenators

김영민,임정혁,황성도,정규동,이석근,Kim, Yeong Min,Im, Jeong Hyuk,Hwang, Sung Do,Jeong, Kyu Dong,Rhee, Suk Keun Korean Society of Road Engineers 2015 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.17 No.6

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to investigate the properties of recycled asphalt binders with five different rejuvenators, in order to evaluate the applicability of the recycled asphalt binders compared with the original asphalt binder. METHODS : In order to simulate recycled asphalt binders, fresh asphalt binders are aged by various Superpave aging procedures, such as the rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) and the pressure aging vessel (PAV). Then, selected rejuvenators are added to the aged asphalt binders in the amount of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The asphalt binder properties are evaluated by the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), the rotational viscometer (RV), and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In this study, AP-5 (penetration grade 60-80, PG 64-16) asphalt binder is used. A total of five types of rejuvenators are employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : When considering aged asphalt without a new asphalt binder, it seems that the percentage of rejuvenator used in Korea is a bit too low, and that it fails to possess the characteristics of the original binder. From the current practice of evaluating the properties of recycled binder based on penetration ratio only, the amount of rejuvenator required is similar for the long-term-aged binder, but is excessive for the longest-term aged binder, causing deterioration of workability and stiffness of the recycled binder.

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Recycled Asphalt Binders with Differing Rejuvenators

Kim, Yeong Min,Im, Jeong Hyuk,Hwang, Sung Do,Jeong, Kyu Dong,Rhee, Suk Keun 한국도로학회 2015 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.17 No.6

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to investigate the properties of recycled asphalt binders with five different rejuvenators, in order to evaluate the applicability of the recycled asphalt binders compared with the original asphalt binder. METHODS: In order to simulate recycled asphalt binders, fresh asphalt binders are aged by various Superpave aging procedures, such as the rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) and the pressure aging vessel (PAV). Then, selected rejuvenators are added to the aged asphalt binders in the amount of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The asphalt binder properties are evaluated by the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), the rotational viscometer (RV), and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In this study, AP-5 (penetration grade 60-80, PG 64-16) asphalt binder is used. A total of five types of rejuvenators are employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : When considering aged asphalt without a new asphalt binder, it seems that the percentage of rejuvenator used in Korea is a bit too low, and that it fails to possess the characteristics of the original binder. From the current practice of evaluating the properties of recycled binder based on penetration ratio only, the amount of rejuvenator required is similar for the long-term-aged binder, but is excessive for the longest-term aged binder, causing deterioration of workability and stiffness of the recycled binder.

유-무기 하이브리드 화합물과 Particle-Binder 공정을 이용한 소수성 코팅막 제조

황승희 ( Seung-hee Hwang ),김효원 ( Hyo-won Kim ),김주영 ( Juyoung Kim ) 한국접착및계면학회 2020 접착 및 계면 Vol.21 No.4

Sol-Gel 공정을 통해서 제조되는 유-무기 하이브리드 화합물들은 방청 코팅, 방빙 코팅(Anticing), 자가 세정 코팅, 반사 방지 코팅 등과 같은 기능성 코팅 재료로 널리 사용되어져 왔다. 특히 소수성 코팅 표면을 제조하기 위해서는 코팅표면의 표면에너지가 낮고 코팅 표면의 조도를 제어가 요구된다. 표면에너지와 표면 조도를 조절하는 전형적인 공정은 in-situ fabrication 공정, ‘Pre-fluorinating/Post-roughening’, ‘Pre-roughening/ Post-fluorinating이다. 본 연구에서는 in-situ fabrication 공정인 Particle-Binder 공정을 이용해서 소수성 코팅표면을 제조하였다. 3관능기 유기실란화합물과 불소 함유 유기실란 화합물과의 가수분해 및 축합반응을 통해 제조된 불소함유 유-무기 하이브리드를 바인더로 사용하여서 무기물 나노입자와 혼합하여 소수성 코팅액을 제조하고 유리 기재 위에 스핀코팅 후 열건조하여서 코팅막을 제조하였다. 바인더인 유-무기 하이브리드 화합물의 불소 함유 실란화합물의 첨가량, 첨가순서, 무기물 나노입자 첨가량에 따른 코팅막의 물성 변화를 조사하였다. 분석결과 불소 함량이 10 wt%인 유-무기 하이브리드 화합물(GPTi-HF10)을 바인더로 사용하여서 제조된 코팅막이 가장 소수성이 우수하였으며 수접촉각은 (107.52 ± 1.6°), 이 바인더와 무기물 나노입자의 무게비가 1:3인 경우 (GPTi-HF10-MS 3.0)에 가장 높은 수접촉각(130.84±1.99°)을 나타내었다. Hydrophobic Organic-Inorganic (O-I) hybrid materials prepared by sol-gel process have been widely used at functional coating fields such as coatings for anti-corrosion, anti-icing, self-cleaning, anti-reflection. The key point for fabricating hydrophobic surface is to optimize the surface energy and roughness of the coating films. There are typical processes to control the surface energy and roughness which are ‘In situ fabricating’, ‘Pre-fluorinating/Post-roughening’, ‘Pre-roughening/ Post-fluorinating’. In this study, particle-binder process was used for in-situ fabrication of hydrophobic coating films. Various O-I hybrid compounds prepared using several kinds of alkoxysilane compounds were used as a binder for silica nanoparticles at particle-binder process. To study effect of fluorine content and weight ratio of particle : binder on the hydrophobicity and surface morphology, Hydrophobic coating films were prepared onto glass substrate at various content of fluorine content of O-I hybrid binder and weight ratio of particle : binder. The coating films prepared using O-I hybrid binder (GPTi-HF10) having 10 wt% of fluorine content showed the highes water contact angle (107.52±1.6°). The coating films prepared at 1:3 weight ratio of GPTi-HF10 : silica nanoparticle exhibited the highest water contact angle (130.84±1.99°).