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이만식 21세기영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학21 Vol.21 No.3
Modern-day citizens are well informed by repetitive daily news reports on the worsening condition of environment caused by the ideological engine of industrial revolution that has treated the earth as an exploitable resource. I think the only valuable reference point is an ecocentric perspective, even though many thinkers write that the crucial transition taking place now is from the industrial era to the information or electronic era. Because I believe we humans have the utterly ethical, if not theological, obligation to take care of the planet earth. I'd like to explicitly express agreement with the ultimate goals of DEM(Deep Ecology Movement). But as to means I have to find out a lot of suggestions for concrete ideas drastically foreign to the supporters of DEM. The utopian dreams of some supporters of DEM are dangerous because they are not sufficient enough to produce power to change the course of modern history. I cannot but be a critical supporter of DEM because feasible solutions for sustainable development or ecological sustainability cannot be deduced from DEM platform principles. The platform principles of DEM must be implemented with the plans based upon something like the system of three level transclusion because any one of plans, such as political action, is not so efficient in environmental problems. Derrida does not describe the process of historical transition from one world view to another by the dichotomous mechanism. I coined a term ‘transclusion[包越]' which is the combination of two concepts, transcendence[超越] and inclusion[包含], for the Derridian description of historical transition. For example, feminist critics can read with the system of three level transclusion, such as (1) their own biological experience, (2) political identity and (3) cultural experiencer not only in the diachronic process but also in the synchronic process. This system can be applied for the social problems including ecological crisis, but only in the form of negotiation. The processes of human negotiation with nature as well as with other humans have been already carried out since the last Ice Age. The major task of ecological studies should be to read and write what has been already happening in between. We can and do systematically negotiate boundaries and other practices with adjacent human and non-human societies if we know how to negotiate the borders of their respective living spaces. The negotiation will produce alternative action plans for ecological sustainability required not by manufacturing it according to a specific set of rules, but by making available an incredible diversity of material from which the appropriate plan is selected. The deep questioning approach of DEM to ecology is very praiseworthy. Unfortunately it is not enough to meet the present crisis. Ever deepening questioning process is desperately needed to cope with the ever-changing world. This is why I'd like to call DEM Deeper Ecology Movement instead of Deep Ecology Movement.