Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Antioxidant Treatments during Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Hyo-Kyung Bae,Ji-Ye Kim,In-Sun Hwang,Choon-Keun Park,Boo-Keun Yang,Hee-Tae Cheong 한국동물번식학회 2012 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.36 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the optimal concentration and treatment time of antioxidants for inhibition of the ROS generation in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Bovine oocytes were activated parthenogenetically, during which oocytes were treated with various antioxidants to determine the optimal concentrations and kind of antioxidants. Determined antioxidants were applied to oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or SCNT procedures. Finally, antioxidant-treated SCNT embryos were compared with in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. H2O2 levels were analyzed in embryos at 20 h of activation, fusion or insemination by staining of embryos in 10 μM 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) dye, followed by fluorescence microscopy. H2O2 levels of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly lower in 25 μM β- mercaptoethanol (β-ME), 50 μM L-ascorbic acid (Vit. C), and 50 μM L-glutathione (GSH) treatment groups than each control group (24.0±1.5 vs 39.0±1.1, 29.7±1.0 vs 37.0±1.2, and 32.9±0.8 vs 36.3±0.8 pixels/embryo, p<0.05). There were no differences among above concentration of antioxidants in direct comparison (33.6±0.9~35.2±1.1 pixels/embryo). Thus, an antioxidant of 50 μM Vit. C was selected for SCNT. H2O2 levels of bovine SCNT embryos were significantly lower in embryos treated with Vit. C during only SCNT procedure (26.4±1.1 pixels/embryo, p<0.05) than the treatment group during IVM (29.9±1.1 pixels/embryo) and non-treated control (34.3±1.0 pixels/embryo). Moreover, H2O2 level of SCNT embryos treated with Vit. C during SCNT procedure was similar to that of IVF embryos. These results suggest that the antioxidant treatment during SCNT procedures can reduce the ROS generation level of SCNT bovine embryos.

Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Antioxidant Treatments during Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Hyo-Kyung Bae,Ji-Ye Kim,In-Sun Hwang,Choon-Keun Park,Boo-Keun Yang,Hee-Tae Cheong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2012 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.36 No.2s

This study was conducted to examine the optimal concentration and treatment time of antioxidants for inhibition of the ROS generation in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Bovine oocytes were activated parthenogenetically, during which oocytes were treated with various antioxidants to determine the optimal concentrations and kind of antioxidants. Determined antioxidants were applied to oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or SCNT procedures. Finally, antioxidant-treated SCNT embryos were compared with in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. H2O2 levels were analyzed in embryos at 20 h of activation, fusion or insemination by staining of embryos in 10 μM 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) dye, followed by fluorescence microscopy. H2O2 levels of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly lower in 25 μM β- mercaptoethanol (β-ME), 50 μM L-ascorbic acid (Vit. C), and 50 μM L-glutathione (GSH) treatment groups than each control group (24.0±1.5 vs 39.0±1.1, 29.7±1.0 vs 37.0±1.2, and 32.9±0.8 vs 36.3±0.8 pixels/embryo, p<0.05). There were no differences among above concentration of antioxidants in direct comparison (33.6±0.9~35.2±1.1 pixels/embryo). Thus, an antioxidant of 50 μM Vit. C was selected for SCNT. H2O2 levels of bovine SCNT embryos were significantly lower in embryos treated with Vit. C during only SCNT procedure (26.4±1.1 pixels/embryo, p<0.05) than the treatment group during IVM (29.9±1.1 pixels/embryo) and non-treated control (34.3±1.0 pixels/embryo). Moreover, H2O2 level of SCNT embryos treated with Vit. C during SCNT procedure was similar to that of IVF embryos. These results suggest that the antioxidant treatment during SCNT procedures can reduce the ROS generation level of SCNT bovine embryos.

The Scavenger Effects of Various Antioxidants in Cigarette Filters on the Free Radicals in Mainstream Smoke

Park, Jin-Won,Kim, Soo-Ho,Kim, Jong-Yeol,Kim, Chung-Ryul,Rhee, Moon-Soo The Korean Society of Tobacco Science 2007 한국연초학회지 Vol.29 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of additives (antioxidants for free radicals reduction) in cigarette filter treated with various antioxidants (three types of proanthocyanidins and ascorbic acid) and various concentrations of ascorbic acid and loaded with activated carbon on the delivery of free radicals of mainstream smoke (MS) by ESR. Also, we analyzed Hoffmann's analytes andscavenger activity according to the storage time and in vitro cytotoxicity. The analysis of spin number of vapor and particulate phase free radicals in MS are decreased to $14{\sim}24\;%$ and $16{\sim}40\;%$, respectively. As aresult of antioxidant potential for inactivity of vapor and particulate phase free radicals, natural antioxidants were more effective than ascorbic acid. Based on the result of the analysis of Hoffmann's analytes for various antioxidantstreated cigarette filters during the smoking, cigarette filter treated with ascorbic acid showed the lower amount of the deliveries of hydroquinone, isoprene and quinoline in MS than those treated with the other antioxidants. In the significant t-test on the difference of the cytotoxicity among the various antioxidants treated-cigarette filters, there are no significant differences at the 95 % confidence level. Those results indicated that the antioxidants were useful for reducing free radicals in MS because of the fast reaction between antioxidant and free radicals.

Antioxidant Mechanism and Lipid Peroxidation Patterns in Leaves and Petals of Marigold in Response to Drought Stress

Zhiguo Tian,Fei Wang,Wene Zhang,Changming Liu,Xiuming Zhao 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.3

In this study, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative conductivity (RC), superoxide anion (O2・-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as ascorbic acid (AsA), glutation (GSH) and carotenoid (Car) were analyzed in plants under drought condition to investigate the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms of leaves and petals, respectively. Two different drought resistance marigold cultivars (Tagetes erecta L. cv. Chokdee and Tagetes erecta L. cv. Discovery)treated with 6-day drought stress were used at early flowering stage. Results indicated that drought treatment increased MDA, RC, O2・- and H2O2 contents in the two cultivars, especially in drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Discovery’. In contrast,‘Chokdee’ had higher level antioxidative enzyme activities and more non-enzymatic antioxidants than those in ‘Discovery’. SOD, POD, CAT, APX activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and AsA) in the leaves and petals were increased at the beginning treatment, and decreased later. The activity of CAT in leaves and petals, APX in petals and AsA in petals on day 6 after treatment were lower than those in control, while Car in the two cultivars decreased consistently during drought stress treatment. In addition, all the antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves were higher than those in petals, but AsA and GSH were accumulated at lower levels in leaves than those in petals of the both cultivars. Furthermore, significant linear relationships were found between antioxidative enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as in non-enzymatic antioxidants and ROS. In conclusion, drought tolerance of ‘Chokdee’ was correlated with eliminating the O2・- and H2O2 and maintaining lower lipid peroxidation as well as higher membrane stability by increasing activities of antioxidative enzymes and the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, different drought response mechanisms were involved in leaves and petals of marigold under drought stress.

Development of Natural Antioxidants Stable at Frying Temperatures

Chung, Hae Young 한국식품영양학회 1997 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.10 No.4

유지류는 산화에 의해 품질이 저하되며 이를 방지하기 위해 항산화제를 첨가하는 방법이 널리 이용되어 왔다. 그러나 현재까지 많이 이용되어온 tooopherol과 BHA는 상온에서는 높은 항산화 효과가 있지만 튀김 식품과 같이 180℃ 이상의 고온처리가 필요한 경우에는 열안정성이 매우 낮아 이들 항산화제들은 대부분 분해되거나 산화방지능력을 상실한다. 식물체에서 안정한 자유 라디칼을 형성할 수 있는 구조를 갖는 스테롤, 즉 곁사슬에 에틸리덴기를 갖는 citrostadienol, △^5-avenasterol과 fucosterol이 고온에서 안정한 항산화 효과가 있다고 보고되었으며 그 중에서 △^5-avenasterol이 고온에서 가장 높은 항산화 효과가 있다고 한다. 따라서 식품의 기호성과 저장성을 높이기 위하여 고온에서 안정성을 갖는 천연 항산화제의 개발이 필요하므로 문헌 고찰을 하여 정리하였다. The addition of antioxidants to fats and oils is one of the most effective ways to prevent oxidation of lipids. The popularity of natural antioxidants has increased because of the possible toxicity of synthetic antioxidants. Common natural antioxidants, tocopherols, retard oxidation at ambient temperatures, but they are ineffective at retarding oxidation at frying temperatures. The need for the development of novel natural antioxidants which are effective at frying temperatures is obvious. Sterols present in vegetable oils and certain herbal plant extracts have been reported to have antioxidant properties. Some sterols have been shown to retard thermal changes at frying temperatures. All the sterol effective at preventing oxidation at frying temperatures have an ethylidene group in their side chain. These effects can be explained by the hypothesis that sterols with a structure that allows them to react with lipid free radicals to form relatively stable free radicals are effective as antioxidants.

Overview of Studies on the Use of Natural Antioxidative Materials in Meat Products

Seung Yun Lee,Da Young Lee,On You Kim,Hea Jin Kang,Hyeong Sang Kim,Sun Jin Hur 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.6

Studies conducted in the past decade related to the use of natural antioxidants in meat products revealed the prevalent use of plant-based antioxidative materials added as powders, extracts, or dried or raw materials to meat products. The amount of antioxidative materials varied from 7.8 ppm to 19.8%. Extracts and powders were used in small amounts (ppm to grams) and large amounts (grams to >1%), respectively. Antioxidative materials used in meat products are mainly composed of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which are able to inhibit lipid peroxidation of meat products, thereby preserving meat quality. However, the main ingredients used in processed meat products are the traditional additives, such as sodium erythorbate, sodium hydrosulfite, and synthetic antioxidants, rather than natural antioxidants. This difference could be attributed to changes in the sensory quality or characteristics of meat products using natural antioxidants. Therefore, novel research paradigms to develop meat products are needed, focusing on the multifunctional aspects of natural antioxidants.

Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene and red ginseng)

Lee, Byung Mu,Lee, Seung Ki,Kim, Hyung Sik 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The chemopreventive effects of antioxidants (vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin C and red ginseng) on oxidative DNA and protein (globin) damages were comparatively investigated in the peripheral blood of smokers (≥20 cigarettes/day). Smokers showed a lower baseline level of plasma micronutrients (vitamin C and β-carotene) (P<0.01) and higher baseline level of oxidative DNA or protein damage than non-smokers(N=5; P<0.05). During daily supplementation of antioxidants(200IU vitamin of E, 9㎎ of β-carotene, 500㎎ of vitamin C, or 1.8g of red ginseng) for 4 weeks, smokers plasma antioxidant concentrations increased linearly, while their mean levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and carbonyl contents decreased compared with those in smokers supplemented with a placebo (P<0.05). Levels of urinary and plasma cotinine remained steady in smokers regardless of supplementation with antioxidants. 8-OHdG and carbonyl content decreased in a time-dependent manner (as the total intake dose increased) after supplementation with vitamin E (8-OHdG, 33.8%; carbonyl content, 43.6%) or red ginseng (8-OH-dG, 31.7%; carbonyl content, 21.3%). These preliminary data suggest that supplementation with antioxidants might protect smokers from oxidative damages and could-reduce cancer risk or other diseases caused by free radicals associated with smoking.

Natural Compounds with Antioxidant Activity: Recent Findings from Studies on Medicinal Plants

나민균,Phuong Thien Thuong,배기환 한국생약학회 2011 Natural Product Sciences Vol.17 No.2

Reactive oxygen species potentially cause damage to cellular components including lipids, protein and DNA; this oxidative damage plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease and cancer. On the basis of the oxidative stress hypothesis, a number of studies have been performed to search for an efficient and safe antioxidant. Although in vitro studies have provided promising results, only a limited number of natural and synthetic antioxidants have been developed for clinical application due to their low efficacy and side-effects. Thus, the discovery of new antioxidants with marked efficacy and safety has attracted worldwide attention in recent decades. Since plants are recognized as important sources of natural antioxidants, our research has focused on the discovery of new naturally occurring antioxidants from medicinal plants. The purpose of this review is to open a new prospect in the field of search for natural antioxidants from medicinal plants by summarizing our recent findings. Using in vitro bioassay systems such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide radical scavenging tests and lipid peroxidation models, we have tested over than 350 species of medicinal plants for their antioxidant activity and selected several of them for further investigation. During the research on the discovery of effective natural antioxidants from the medicinal plants selected, we have isolated several new and known antioxidant compounds that include stilbene glycosides, phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, oligostilbenes, and coumarins. Our results suggest that the presence of antioxidant compounds in the medicinal plants might be associated with the traditional use to treat inflammation, cardiovascular disease and various chronic diseases.

Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Antioxidant Treatments during Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

배효경,김지예,황인선,박춘근,양부근,정희태 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2012 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.36 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the optimal concentration and treatment time of antioxidants for inhibition of the ROS generation in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Bovine oocytes were activated parthenogenetically,during which oocytes were treated with various antioxidants to determine the optimal concentrations and kind of antioxidants. Determined antioxidants were applied to oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or SCNT procedures. Finally, antioxidant-treated SCNT embryos were compared with in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. H2O2 levels were analyzed in embryos at 20 h of activation, fusion or insemination by staining of embryos in 10 μM 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) dye, followed by fluorescence microscopy. H2O2 levels of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly lower in 25 μM β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), 50 μM L-ascorbic acid (Vit. C), and 50 μM L-glutathione (GSH) treatment groups than each control group (24.0±1.5 vs 39.0±1.1, 29.7±1.0 vs 37.0±1.2, and 32.9±0.8 vs 36.3±0.8 pixels/embryo, p<0.05). There were no differences among above concentration of antioxidants in direct comparison (33.6±0.9~35.2±1.1 pixels/embryo). Thus, an antioxidant of 50 μM Vit. C was selected for SCNT. H2O2 levels of bovine SCNT embryos were significantly lower in embryos treated with Vit. C during only SCNT procedure (26.4±1.1 pixels/embryo, p<0.05) than the treatment group during IVM (29.9±1.1pixels/embryo) and non-treated control (34.3±1.0 pixels/embryo). Moreover, H2O2 level of SCNT embryos treated with Vit. C during SCNT procedure was similar to that of IVF embryos. These results suggest that the antioxidant treatment during SCNT procedures can reduce the ROS generation level of SCNT bovine embryos.

Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Antioxidant Treatments during Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Bae, Hyo-Kyung,Kim, Ji-Ye,Hwang, In-Sun,Park, Choon-Keun,Yang, Boo-Keun,Cheong, Hee-Tae The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2012 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.36 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the optimal concentration and treatment time of antioxidants for inhibition of the ROS generation in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Bovine oocytes were activated parthenogenetically, during which oocytes were treated with various antioxidants to determine the optimal concentrations and kind of antioxidants. Determined antioxidants were applied to oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or SCNT procedures. Finally, antioxidant-treated SCNT embryos were compared with in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. $H_2O_2$ levels were analyzed in embryos at 20 h of activation, fusion or insemination by staining of embryos in $10{\mu}M$ 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) dye, followed by fluorescence microscopy. $H_2O_2$ levels of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly lower in $25{\mu}M$ ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol (${\beta}$-ME), $50{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (Vit. C), and $50{\mu}M$ L-glutathione (GSH) treatment groups than each control group ($24.0{\pm}1.5$ vs $39.0{\pm}1.1$, $29.7{\pm}1.0$ vs $37.0{\pm}1.2$, and $32.9{\pm}0.8$ vs $36.3{\pm}0.8$ pixels/embryo, p<0.05). There were no differences among above concentration of antioxidants in direct comparison ($33.6{\pm}0.9{\sim}35.2{\pm}1.1$ pixels/embryo). Thus, an antioxidant of $50{\mu}M$ Vit. C was selected for SCNT. $H_2O_2$ levels of bovine SCNT embryos were significantly lower in embryos treated with Vit. C during only SCNT procedure ($26.4{\pm}1.1$ pixels/embryo, p<0.05) than the treatment group during IVM ($29.9{\pm}1.1$ pixels/embryo) and non-treated control ($34.3{\pm}1.0$ pixels/embryo). Moreover, $H_2O_2$ level of SCNT embryos treated with Vit. C during SCNT procedure was similar to that of IVF embryos. These results suggest that the antioxidant treatment during SCNT procedures can reduce the ROS generation level of SCNT bovine embryos.