Pitch-derived carbon coated SnO₂–CoO yolk–shell microspheres with excellent long-term cycling and rate performances as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Choi, Jae Hun,Park, Gi Dae,Jung, Dae Soo,Kang, Yun Chan Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.369 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>SnO<SUB>2</SUB>-based composite materials have been studied as efficient anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, pitch-derived carbon coated SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO yolk–shell microspheres were synthesized by a spray drying process. Pitch is a widely used source material for electrically conductive carbon. Pitch-infiltrated SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> were transformed into SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres by a carbothermal reduction. SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres with a carbon content of 15 wt% exhibited superior cycling and rate performances compared with those of the bare SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> microspheres with the same morphologies. The discharge capacities of SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C at the 100th cycle were 565 and 812 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP>, while their capacity retentions calculated from the second cycle were 51 and 97%, respectively. Furthermore, SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres exhibited high and stable reversible capacities even at an extremely high current density of 30 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>. The discharge capacity of SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres at the 1000th cycle at a current density of 3.0 A g<SUP>−1</SUP> was 775 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP>. The synergetic effect of the pitch-derived carbon with a high electrical conductivity, catalytic effect of the metallic Co, crystal growth minimization of metallic Co and Sn by reciprocal action, and yolk–shell structure with empty shells provided the SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres with excellent lithium-ion storage performances.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pitch-derived carbon coated SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO yolk–shell microspheres is synthesized. </LI> <LI> Pitch-infiltrated SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> are transformed into SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres. </LI> <LI> SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres exhibit excellent lithium-ion storage performances. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Pitch-derived carbon coated SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO yolk-shell microspheres were synthesized by a pilot-scale spray drying process. The synergetic effect of the pitch-derived carbon with a high electrical conductivity, catalytic effect of the metallic Co, crystal growth minimization of metallic Co and Sn by reciprocal action, and yolk–shell structure with empty shells provided the SnO<SUB>2</SUB>–CoO–C yolk–shell microspheres with excellent lithium-ion storage performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

가염난황의 냉동저장에 의한 마요네즈 기능특성 변화

김재욱 ( Jae Wook Kim ),허종화 ( Jong Wha Hur ) 한국산업식품공학회 2002 산업 식품공학 Vol.6 No.2

Egg yolk lipids: separation, characterization, and utilization

Edirisingha Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne,남기창,Xi Huang,AhnDongUk 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.10

Egg yolk contains very high levels of lipids, which comprise 33% of whole egg yolk. Although triglyceride is the main lipid, egg yolk is the richest source of phospholipids and cholesterol in nature. The egg yolk phospholipids have a unique composition with high levels of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogen, and phosphatidylinositol. All the egg yolk lipids are embedded inside the HDL and LDL micelles or granular particles. Egg yolk lipids can be easily extracted using solvents or supercritical extraction methods but their commercial applications of egg yolk lipids are limited. Egg yolk lipids have excellent potential as a food ingredient or cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical agents because they have excellent functional and biological characteristics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on egg yolk lipids' extraction methods and functions and discusses their current and future use, which will be important to increase the use and value of the egg.

연어, Oncorhynchus keta 전기자어의 난황흡수 및 초기성장

장창익 ( Chang Ik Zhang ),손명호 ( Myoung Ho Sohn ),성기백 ( Ki Baik Seong ),박인석 ( In Seok Park ) 한국수산학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

연어, Oncorhynchus keta 전기자어의 부화 직후부터 부상기 이전까지의 난황흡수과정 및 체성장의 형태가 조사되었다. 한국 동해안 남대천에서 채포된 암수 친어로부터 채취한 알과 정자를 사용하여 인공수정을 시켰다. 사육수온은 13℃로 조절되었다. 부화 직후와 부화 후 12일부터 부화 후 33일까지 3일 간격으로 매회 40마리의 난황자어가 임의로 표본되었다. 부화 직후 난황자어의 평균 전장 및 평균 전중은 각각 1.97cm, 1.85g이었으며 난황흡수는 부화 후 33일에 거의 이루어졌다. 전장, 전중 및 체세포 중량의 성장곡선은 Gompertz의 성장모텔에 잘 적합되었다. 그러나 난황장, 난황중, 난황고 및 난황부피는 난황흡수가 완전히 이루어지기까지 선형의 감소경향을 나타내었다. 아울러 전장과 전중 혹은 전중과 난황중 등의 상관관계를 나타내는 상대성장도 역시 조사되었다. The process of yolk absorption and the growth pattern of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta alevin were studied. Matured males and females of chum salmon were sampled from the Namdaechun River in the east coast of Korea, and then an artificial fertilization was carried out using their eggs and sperms. Fertilized eggs were incubated in controlled water temperature of 13℃ and samples of 40 alevins were randomly taken at just hatching and at every three days between 12 days after hatching and yolk absorption. The means of total length and total weight of hatched alevins were respectively 1.97cm and 1.85g, and the yolk absorption took about 33 days after hatching, based on the morphological measurement. Growth curves of total length, total weight and somatic weight were fitted well with the Gompertz growth model. However, the shrinking in yolk-sac length, yolk-sac weight, yolk-sac height and yolk-sac volume revealed a linear phenomenon until the absorption of yolk was completed. The relative growth of chum salmon alevin, such as the relationship between total length and total weight, or between total weight and yolk-sac weight, was also studied.

Xanthophylls의 급여가 계란 노른자의 착색 및 항산화성에 미치는 영향

민병진,이규호,이성기 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary xanthophylls supplementation on pigmentation and antioxidant properties in the egg yolk. ISA Brown laying hens aged 50 weeks were fed five kinds of xanthophyll combination such as control(neither natural nor artificial xanthophylls in feed), T1(Commercial diet containing natural xanthopylls in grain + Lutein 10? + Capsantin 10?), T2(T1 + Capsanthin 65?), T3(T1 + Canthaxanthin 65?), T4(T1 + Capsanthin 10? + Canthaxanthin 65?), and T5(T1 + Capsanthin 65? + Canthaxanthi 10?). The ? values of all egg yolks were not significantly different during storage or feeding periods. CIE L^(*)(lightness) values of T2 ~ T5 egg yolks were lower than those of control and T1. conversely, the CIE L^(*)(redness) value of T2 ~ T5 egg yolks showed significantly higher(P<0.05). Egg yolk from chicks fed xanthophylls increased CIE b^(*) values. The CIE b^(*)(yellowness) value of T2 ~ T5 egg yolks were higher than control and T1 during storage at 37℃ for 48 hours respectively. In the antioxidation experiment, dietary xanthophylls supplementation affected lipid antioxidation of egg yolk during storage. The TBARS(O.D) of egg yolks from chicks fed xanthophylls were lower than that of color difference and retardation of lipid oxidation in egg yolk.

Efficacy of specific immunoglobulim egg yolk (IgY) against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis

( Bo Mi Kini ),( Chong Hae Hong ),( Tae Wook Hahn ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2012 예방수의학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is the antibody in egg yolk and can be produced in egg yolk by immunizing hens with antigens. IgY is functionally equivalent to mammalian lgG. It is found in the serum of the chicken and is passed from the mother chicken to the embryo via the egg yolk, a process that results in a high concentration of IgY in the egg yolk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of specific IgY against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) K99, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis that cause porcine bacterial diseases. To prepare specific IgY, Hy-Line Brown chickens were vaccinated with killed vaccine complex including E. coil 1(99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis. The chicken egg yolk antibodies were purified from egg yolk by ammonium sulfate precipitation and the quality of the final preparation was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Titres of specific IgY in final preparations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody titers peaked at 3 weeks regardless the bacterial types and the similar patterns of immune response were observed for respective pathogens. In growth inhibitor test, specific IgY showed inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. After 0, 3, 6 and 12 hour of incubation with specific lgY (100 ag/nil, 250 /m1, 500 tig/inl), there was a significant decrease in the growth (A600nm) of E. coil K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis compared to nonspecific IgY and controls. In BALB/c mice, the effect of specific IgY (100 nig/kg, 250 mg/kg) on bacterial challenges was investigated by intramuscular injection and oral administration of bacteria. Mice treated with specific IgY showed high survival rate though there was no significant differences on blood biochemichal examinations between treated and untreated groups. These results indicate the potential of specific IgY for the treatment of porcine bacterial diseases caused by E. coil K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis.

Effect of Different Avian Egg Yolk Types in Freezing Extender on Post-thawed Sperm Quality of Cryopreserved Boar Semen

Soo-Jin Sa,Nan-Hee Bok,Kyoung-Mi Lee,Sun-Ho Choi,Sun-Young Baek,Kyu-Ho Cho,Ki-Hwa Chung,In-Cheul Kim 한국동물번식학회 2012 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.36 No.2s

The objective of this study was to assess the effect on post-thawed sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity of boar semen frozen in the freezing extender with chicken or duck egg yolks. The Sperm rich fraction of ejaculates from three Duroc boars were collected by a glove-hand technique. Samples with more than 80% motile sperm were used for this experiment. Semen was diluted with freezing extender (LEY) containing 11% (v/v) lactose, 20% (v/v) hen egg yolk with 3.5% (v/v) glycerol, and 0.5% (v/v) Orvus Es Paste(OEP, Nova Chemical Sales Inc., Scituate, MA. USA) to yield a final sperm concentration of 5x108 cells/ml. Following complete dilution, semen samples were loaded in 0.5 ml French medium straws (IMV technologies, France) and transferred to programmable semen freezer (SY-LAB Gerate GmbH, Austria). For freezing the semen samples, each straw was cooled from 5℃ to - 5℃ at 6℃/min, auto-seeding at - 5℃ and held for 60sec, samples were then cooled from - 5 to - 80℃ at 40℃/min, and thereafter from - 80℃ to - 150℃ at 60℃/min. The yolks used were sourced from fresh chicken and duck eggs. To evaluate the post-thaw sperm quality, semen was thawed at 38℃ for 20 sec and sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity were assessed. Motility was assessed for %motile cell characteristics using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA; SAIS SI-100, Medical supply, Korea). The percentage of sperm viability was assessed using LIVE/DEAD® sperm viability kit (Molecular probes, Eugene, OR, USA). The acrosome integrity was assessed by FITC-PNA staining. Sperm quality in terms of motility, viability and acrosome integrity showed higher after freezing in medium containing duck yolk than chicken yolk. However, there was no significant difference in sperm quality for the different types of yolk(p>0.05). * The result of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the egg yolk types when considering the sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity of boar semen frozen in the freezing extender with chicken or duck egg yolks.

Ultrafast Synthesis of Yolk-Shell and Cubic NiO Nanopowders and Application in Lithium Ion Batteries

Choi, Seung Ho,Kang, Yun Chan American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.4

<P>A continuous one-pot method was employed to synthesize yolk-shell and single-crystalline cubic NiO powders in a few seconds. Submicrometer-sized NiO yolk-shell particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis at 900 °C. Single-crystalline cubic NiO nanopowders were prepared by one-pot flame spray pyrolysis from NiO vapors. Particle surface areas of the yolk-shell and single-crystalline cubic NiO powders as obtained using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method were 8 and 5 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively. The mean crystallite sizes of the yolk-shell-structured and cubic NiO powders were 50 and 80 nm, respectively. The yolk-shell and single-crystalline cubic NiO powders delivered discharge capacities of 951 and 416 mA h g<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively, after 150 cycles, and the corresponding capacity retentions measured after the first cycle were 106 and 66%, respectively. The yolk-shell-structured NiO powders showed rate performance better than that of the single-crystalline cubic NiO nanopowders. Even at a high current density of 1 A g<SUP>–1</SUP>, the discharge capacity of the yolk-shell-structured NiO powders was as high as 824 mA h g<SUP>–1</SUP> after 50 cycles, in which the current densities were increased stepwise.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-4/am404232x/production/images/medium/am-2013-04232x_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am404232x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Efficacy of specific immunoglobulin egg yolk (IgY) against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis

김보미,홍종해,한태욱 한국예방수의학회 2012 예방수의학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is the antibody in egg yolk and can be produced in egg yolk by immunizing hens with antigens. IgY is functionally equivalent to mammalian IgG. It is found in the serum of the chicken and is passed from the mother chicken to the embryo via the egg yolk, a process that results in a high concentration of IgY in the egg yolk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of specific IgY against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K99, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis that cause porcine bacterial diseases. To prepare specific IgY, Hy-Line Brown chickens were vaccinated with killed vaccine complex including E. coli K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis. The chicken egg yolk antibodies were purified from egg yolk by ammonium sulfate precipitation and the quality of the final preparation was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Titres of specific IgY in final preparations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody titers peaked at 3 weeks regardless the bacterial types and the similar patterns of immune response were observed for respective pathogens. In growth inhibitor test, specific IgY showed inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. After 0, 3, 6 and 12 hour of incubation with specific IgY (100 ㎍/㎖, 250 ㎍/㎖, 500 ㎍/㎖), there was a significant decrease in the growth (A600nm) of E. coli K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis compared to nonspecific IgY and controls. In BALB/c mice, the effect of specific IgY (100 ㎎/㎏, 250 ㎎/㎏) on bacterial challenges was investigated by intramuscular injection and oral administration of bacteria. Mice treated with specific IgY showed high survival rate though there was no significant differences on blood biochemichal examinations between treated and untreated groups. These results indicate the potential of specific IgY for the treatment of porcine bacterial diseases caused by E. coli K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis.

Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Lipid Characteristics of Egg Yolk

Hur, Sun-Jin,Kang, Geun-Ho,Jeong, Jin-Yeun,Yang, Han-Sul,Ha, Yeong-Lae,Park, Gu-Boo,Joo, Seon-Tea Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.8

A total of 250 laying hens were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 2.5 or 5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and 5% Safflower seed oil (SSO) for 5 weeks, and eggs were collected by week to analyse lipid characteristics of egg yolk. Egg yolk from CLA-fed groups showed significant increase in CLA content with increased CLA in the diet. Dietary CLA also increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids and decreased unsaturated fatty acids in the egg yolk. The proportion of myristic, palmitic, stearic and CLA were increased, while those of oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acid were decreased. The cholesterol content in egg yolk was significantly decreased by dietary CLA for 5 weeks feeding. After 7 days of feeding, 5% CLA-fed group showed the lowest cholesterol content in egg yolk. CLAfed groups showed significantly lower 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to control and SSO-fed group after 14 days of storage. No significant differences in TBARS values among CLA-fed groups were observed at the 28 days of storage. Results suggested that lipid oxidation of egg yolk during cold storage could be inhibited by dietary CLA due not only to changes in fatty acid composition but also to the high concentration of CLA in egg yolk.