Influence of Supplemental Vitamin D₃ on Production Performance of Aged White Leghorn Layer Breeders and Their Progeny

Panda, A.K.,Rao, S.V. Rama,Raju, M.V.L.N.,Niranjan, M.,Reddy, B.L.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.11

An experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of graded levels of vitamin $D_3$ in White Leghorn (WL) layer breeders on egg production, shell quality, hatchability of eggs and juvenile performance of offspring during their late laying period (72-88 wk). White Leghorn breeder females were randomly divided into 5 groups of 50 each and were housed in individual California cages in an open-side housing system. Considering birds in five cages as a replicate, 10 such replicates were randomly allotted to each treatment. A basal diet was formulated containing all the nutrients as recommended for WL layers except vitamin $D_3$, which served as control. Another, four diets were formulated by supplementing graded levels of feed grade crystalline cholecalciferol to the basal diet that contained 300, 600, 1,200 and 2,400 ICU of vitamin $D_3$ per kg. Each diet was offered ad libitum to one of the above five treatment groups. The egg production, egg weight, daily feed consumption and the feed intake per dozen eggs or kg egg mass of the birds fed diet without any supplemental vitamin $D_3$ was comparable with those of supplemental groups. Similarly, the level of vitamin in the diet did not have any effect on any of the above parameters. However, the specific gravity of eggs laid by the birds fed the diet without supplemental vitamin $D_3$ was comparable with either 600 or 2,400 ICU supplemental groups but significantly higher when compared to the 300 and 1,200 ICU groups. The egg -shell breaking strength was significantly lowered in the 600 ICU supplemental groups as compared to the strength of other dietary groups. The Haugh unit, egg shell weight, shell thickness, tibia breaking strength, bone ash and calcium content were not influenced by vitamin $D_3$ concentration in the diet. Serum Ca concentration was influenced by vitamin $D_3$ level in the diet. The serum Ca concentration of birds fed either control or the vitamin supplemented diet up to 1200 ICU/kg diet was comparable. However, increasing the concentration of vitamin $D_3$ to 2,400 ICU/kg diet significantly enhanced the concentration of Ca in the serum, which was significantly higher compared to other dietary groups. The serum concentration of P and protein, however, was not influenced by level of vitamin $D_3$ in the diet. Neither fertility nor hatchability was influenced by vitamin $D_3$ concentration in the diet. Feeding a vitamin $D_3$ deficient diet or supplementation of vitamin to hens did not have any influence on their progeny chicks. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ may not be essential for optimum production, shell quality, hatchability, and juvenile performance of WL breeders during 72 to 88 weeks of age.

한국인 일반인의 혈청 25-Hydroxy Vitamin $D_3$의 분석

김보경,정현미,김윤경,김소영,김지현,Kim, Bo-Kyung,Jung, Hyun-Mi,Kim, Yun-Kyung,Kim, So-Young,Kim, Jee-Hyun 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.1

Vitamin D의 주된 작용은 칼슘과 인의 흡수증가로 인한 골의 무기질화이며 vitamin D 결핍 시 에는 소아에서는 연골에 석회 침착이 안되어 구루병을 일으키고 성인에서는 골연화증 또는 골다공증이 생긴다. 또한 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 모든 암세포의 성장을 억제하고 심장병 등도 예방한다는 역학 연구 결과들이 발표되어 혈중 최적의 vitamin D농도에 관한 연구가 지속되고 있지만 일반적으로는 20~32 ng/mL의 농도가 최적의 농도라고 여겨지고 있다. 이에 우리 한국인들의 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$농도를 측정하여 어느 정도의 농도를 유지하고 있는지 분석해 보고자 하였다. 2008년 2월20일부터 2009년 4월21일까지 14개월간 (재)네오딘의학연구소에 의뢰된 의료기관 종합검진 수진자 들의 혈청 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 검사한 2,800검체를 수집하였다. 이 검체는 모두 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ ($^{125}I$ Kit: Diasorin, USA)로 검사한 후 성별, 연령별, 계절별, 지역별로 분석하여 보았다. 총 2800 검체 중 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 평균농도는 남 20ng/mL 여 17.22 ng/mL 연령별로는 남자 10~20세 18 ng/mL, 21~30세 17 ng/mL, 31~40세 19 ng/mL, 41~50세 21 ng/mL, 51~60세는 22 ng/mL, 61~70세는 22 ng/mL, 71~80세 22 ng/mL, 81~90세는 19.9 ng/mL 여자 10~20세는 16 ng/mL, 21~30세는 15.26 ng/mL, 31~40세는 16 ng/mL, 41~50세는 17ng/mL, 51~60세는 19 ng/mL, 61~70세는 19 ng/mL, 71~80세는 19 ng/mL, 81~90세는 17 ng/mL이었다. 계절별로는 12월~5월이 15.97 ng/mL 6월~11월이 21.60 ng/mL이었다. 지역별로는 1월~4월까지의 남성을 비교해 본 결과 서울 경기 15.52ng/mL 강원도 15.33 ng/mL 충청도 18.03 ng/mL 전라도 18.68 ng/mL 경상도 18.76 ng/mL 제주도 21.23 ng/mL의 농도를 보였다. 한국인 일반인(칼슘 보충제나 종합비타민제의 복용상태는 모름)을 대상으로 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$검사를 하였을때 최소치 1.98 ng/mL, 최대치 58.66 ng/mL의 분포를 보여 메뉴얼에서 제시한 Deficiency (0~5 ng/mL)에 0.3%의 상태가 있었고, Insufficiency (5~20 ng/mL) 63.3% Hypovitaminosis(20~40 ng/mL)는 36.0%인 것으로 나타났으며 Sufficiency(40~100 ng/mL)는 0.4%로 나타났다. 또한 Toxicity (>100ng/mL)상태의 대상자는 없었다. 분석결과는 실외활동을 많이 하는 남성이 여성보다 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$가 높았으며 연령별로는 남 여 모두 51~80세가 가장 높았다. 또한 계절별로는 6~11월이 높았다. 지역별로는 지방이 도시보다 높았다. 최근 vitamin D의 적정농도가 골다공증과 암 예방을 할 수 있다는 연구결과가 이슈가 되고 있는 시점에 한국인의 vitamin D농도가 다른 논문에서 언급한 20~32 ng/mL에는 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 물론 한국인의 참고치가 미 설정된 상태이기에 더 많은 연구와 노력이 필요하리라 생각된다. Vitamin D의 급원인 자외선이 중요한 만큼 모든 사람들이 실외활동 시간을 많이 늘려야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 RIA 방법이 많이 줄고 있는 이 시점에 방법이 불편하긴 하지만 vitamin D의 유용성을 높이 평가해 종합검진이나 R&D용 등으로 검사가 널리 되었으면 하는 바램이다. Purpose: The main function of vitamin D is the mineralization of the brain by increase of calcium and phosphorus, in case it is insufficient in children, lime deposition on cartilage cannot occur so it leads to rachitis, and in adults, it leads to osteomalacia or osteoporosis. It is also strongly believed in the academic world that vitamin D can restrict the growth of cancer cells and prevent heart diseases, which is also somewhat proven in epidemiological researches. While the right density of vitamin D is still being studied, 20-32 ng/mL is believed to be the most ideal density. Therefore, I wanted analyze how much density of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 that Koreans possess. Materials and Methods: From February 20th, 2008 to April 21st, 2009, the collection of 2800 serums, from medical examination treated subjects by Neodin Medical Institute, have been tested. The targets were tested by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (125I Kit: Diasorin, USA), and were analyzed by dividing into many different categories (gender, age, season, region). Results: The average density of male were 20 ng/mL, female 17.08 ng/mL. Per age groups, the density of males were as follows: 10~20-18 ng/mL, 21~30-17 ng/mL, 31~40-19 ng/mL, 41~50-21 ng/mL, 51~60-22 ng/mL, 61~70-22 ng/mL, 71~80-22 ng/mL and 81~90-19.9 ng/mL. Average density of females per age groups, were as follows: 10~20-16 ng/mL, 20~30-15.26 ng/mL, 30~40-16 ng/mL, 40~50-17 ng/mL, 50~60-19 ng/mL, 60~70-19 ng/mL, 70~80-19 ng/mL, and 80~90-17 ng/mL. Per seasons, From December to May, the subjects showed the density of 15.97 ng/mL, while from June to November, it showed 21.60 ng/mL. On density of males from January to April regionally, Seoul+Gyeonggi-Do-15.52 ng/mL, Gangwon-Do-15.33 ng/mL, Choongchung-Do-18.03 ng/mL, Jeonla-Do-18.68 ng/mL, Gyungsang-Do-18.76 ng/mL and Cheju Do-21.23 ng/mL. Conclusions: The vitamin D of Koreans is has been insufficient compared to the suggested amount. Ultraviolet rays, which is the main source of vitamin D is critical, therefore it is suggested that more outdoor activities can definitely help.

Vitamin D₃와 Dexamethasone의 복합 투여가 골모세포에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

임나원(Na-Won Lim),김상철(Sang-Cheol Kim) 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.3

치아 이동시 골개조에 관여하는 골모세포의 활성을 알아보기 위해 골조직 대사 물질인 vitamin D₃를 1, 10, 100nM/ml 농도로, dexamethasone을 10, 100nM/ml, 1μ Mml 농도로 단독 또는 복합 투여하여 세포 활성 및 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성도를 분석 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. dexamethasone을 단독 투여한 경우 배양 1일째에 1μM/ml 농도에서만 대조군에 비해 유의한 세포 활성 증가를 보였으며 이후에는 전반적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 반면에 염 기성 인산분해효소의 활성도는 1μM/ml 의 dexamethasone일 때 가장 높았으며 배양 기간 이 길어질수록 유의한 증가를 보였다. 2. vitamin D₃ 첨가시 배양 1일째에는 세포 활성이 증가하였으나 배양 2일째 에는 100nM/ml에서 대조군과 비교해 크게 감소하여 농도의 증가에 따라 세포 활성이 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 배양 3일째에는 다소 활성이 회복되었다. 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성도는 10nM/ml과 100nM/ml의 vitamin D₃에서 배양 2일째와 3일째에 대 조군에 비해 유의하게 높았는데 100nM/ml에서 배양 3일째에 가장 높았다. 3. dexamethasone과 vitamin D₃를 복합 투여한 경우 배양 2일째에는 모든 vitamin D₃ 농도에서 세포활성이 감소하였으나 3일째에는 세포 활성이 회복 되어 대조군이나 dexamethasone단독 투여 시에 비해 유의한 활성 증가를 보이는 경우가 있 었다. 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성은 배양 1일째에 감소를 보였으나 배양 2일째에 10nM/ml 나 100nM/ml 의 dexamethasone에 100nM/ml의 vitamin D₃ 복합 투여의 경우 유의한 증가를 보였고 배양 3일째에 다시 감소를 보였다. 적절한 농도의 dexamethasone과 vitamin D₃의 복합 사용으로 골모세포의 활성 및 염기성 인산분해효소를 증가시키거나 조절하는 상승효과를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Bone is a dynamic tissue which is constantly remodelled by subsequent cycles of bone resorption and formation. Glucocorticoid and vitamine D₃ are known as regulating substances in bone metabolism. In vitro experiments using bone tissue, it was suggested that glucoccorticoid inhibits bone resorption, whereas the effect of glucocorticoid on bone formation are complex- increasing or decreasing effect. The active form of vitamin D₃, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 〔1.25-(OH)₂D₃〕, has been reported to stimulate osteoblastic activities including the production of ALP, type Ⅰcollagen, and osteoclacin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of admixture of vitamin D₃ and dexamethasone, one of glucocorticoids, on osteblastic cell line(MC3T3-E1). Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and MTT assay were conducted in the cultivated cells with 1, 10, 100㎚/ml of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ and/or 10nM/ml, 100nM/ml, 1μM/ml of dexamethasone. The observed results were as follows. 1. The activity of osteoblastic cells with 1μM/ml of dexamethasone was significantly increased at 1-day cultivation with comparison to control group, but was decreased afterwards. But the activity of ALP was greatest in 1μM/ml of dexamethasone and increased with time lapsed. 2. The activity of osteoblastic cells with vitamin D₃ was significantly increased dose-dependently at 1-day cultivation, but was significantly decreased in 10nM/ml or 100nM/ml at 2-day or 3-day cultivation, and was greatest in 100nM/ml at 3-day cultivation. 3. In case of admixture of dexamethasone and vitamin D₃ at 2-day cultivation, but was increased again at 3-day cultivation, which was greater than that in control or dexamethasone only group. The activity of ALP was decreased at 1-day cultivation, but was increased in the admixture of 10nM/ml or 100nM/ml of dexamethasone with 100nM/ml of vitamin D₃ at 2-day cultivation, and was again decreased at 3-day cultivation.

산란계 사료 내 비타민 D3 첨가에 따른 난각품질과 계란내 비타민D3 함량에 관한 농장 조사

조동해,권병연,김다혜,이경우 한국가금학회 2023 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.50 No.2

Vitamin D3 is an essential nutrient which plays an important role in calcium metabolism for eggshell formation, in calcium and phosphorus metabolism for bone mineralization, and in maintaining host immunity. Although there have been a great deal of studies investigating the role of vitamin D3 in eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs, no attempts have been made to monitor the eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs at farm level. Thus, this survey was conducted to measure eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs laid from laying hens fed diets containing different levels of vitamin D3. Eggs from four commercial laying hen farms were sampled before and 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks after provision of the vitamin D3-enriched diets added with the level of 16,500 IU and 29,000 IU. Dietary vitamin D3 did not affect the eggshell color and breaking strength, but increase the eggshell thickness. In addition, vitamin D3 contents in eggs were elevated as vitamin D3 in diets was increased. It is concluded that addition of dietary vitamin D3 into the diets of laying hens at the commercial laying hen farms could improve eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs. It is expected that the prediction equation for egg vitamin D3 contents might be produced if more data on vitamin D3 contents in diets and eggs at the farms are to be analyzed. 비타민 D3는 난각 형성에 필요한 칼슘의 흡수와 대사에 필수적일 뿐 아니라 칼슘과 인의 대사를 조절하여 뼈 건강에 필수적인 요소이며 건강한 면역체계를 유지하는 영양소이다. 계란과 관련된 비타민 D3에 관한 연구는 많이 이루어 져 왔으나 산란계 농장에서 수행한 연구는 보고된 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 비타민 D3 강화 계란을 생산하는 산란 계 농가에서 생산되는 계란의 난각 품질과 계란 내 비타민 D3 함량을 분석하고자 농가 조사를 수행하였다. 산란계 4개 농가를 선정하여 16,500 IU 및 29,000 IU 함유한 사료 급여 전과 후에 계란을 수거하여 난각 품질과 계란 내 비타민 D3 함량을 측정하였다. 분석 결과 비타민 D3 첨가는 난각두께를 개선하는 효과는 있었으나, 난각색과 난각강도에는 미치는 영향은 미미하였다. 산란계 사료 내 비타민 D3를 첨가하 면 계란 내 비타민 D3 함량이 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다. 결과적으로 산란계 농가에서 사료 내 비타민 D3를 추가로 공급한다면 난각 품질의 개선과 비타민 D3 강화 계란을 생 산할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 향후 더 많은 산란계 농가에서 사료와 계란 내 비타민 D3 함량에 대한 추가 조사를 진행한다면 계란 내 비타민 D3 함량을 추정할 수 있는 회귀 식을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

Vitamin D₃와 TGF-ß가 치주인대세포 활성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송현섭(Song Hyun Sup),김상철(Kim Sang Cheol) 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.4

골 성장 및 개조에 관여하는 전신적 조절인자인 1,25-(OH)₂D₃와 국소적 조절인자인 TGF-β가 사람의 치주인대세포 기능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 그 인자들을 단독 혹은 복합적으로 치주인대세포에 가하여 그 활성 변화를 측정 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 10ng/ml 농도의 vitamin D₃를 치주인대세포에 가한 후 배양 1, 2, 3 일째의 활성은 대조군과 차이가 없었으나, 50ng/ml 농도로 가한 후 배양 3일째에는 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으며, 100ng/ml 농도에서는 배양 1, 2, 3일째에 유의하게 증가하였다. 2. 0.1ng/ml 농도의 TGF-β를 치주인대세포에 가한 후 배양 1, 2, 3일째의 활성은 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 1ng/ml나 5ng/ml 농도의 TGF-β를 가한 경우 배양 3일째 유의하게 증가되었으며 10ng/ml 농도의 경우에는 배양 2, 3일째에 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 1ng/ml 농도의 TGF-β와 다양한 농도의 vitamin D₃를 혼합투여한 경우, 100ng/ml 농도의 vitamin D₃로 배양 3일째에 유의한 활성 증가를 볼 수 있었다. 4. 5ng/ml 농도의 TGF-β와 다양한 농도의 vitamin D₃를 혼합투여한 경우, 10, 50, 100ng/ml의 vitamin D₃에서 공히배양 2일째부터 유의한 활성 증가를 보였으나 10ng/ml에서는 배양 3일째에 그 활성이 유지되지 못하였다. 5. 10ng/ml 농도의 TGF-β와 다양한 농도의 vitamin D₃를 혼합투여한 경우, 50ng/ml의 vitamin D₃에서는 배양 2일째부터 100ng/ml의 vitamin D₃에서는 1일째부터 유의한 활성 증가를 보였다. TGF- β is a polypeptide with multiple physiological functions in regulation of cell-to-cell interaction and in growth and development. The active form of vitamin D₃, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1.25-(OH)₂D₃], is one of the most potent stimulators of osteoclastic acitivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin D3 and/or TGF- β on the periodontal ligament(PDL) cells. Human PDL cells were prepared from the first premolars extracted for the orthodontic treatment and were incubated in the environment of 37°C, 5% CO₂ and 95% humidity. 10, 50 or 100ng/ml of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃. and 0.1, 1, 5 or 10ng/ml of TGF- β were administered to the culture wells, separately or in combination. And the viability of PDL cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The viability of PDL cells in 10ng/ml of vitamin D₃ was not significantly differenent from that of the control group at 1, 2 and 3-day of cultivation, but it was significantly increased in 50ng/ml of vitamin D₃ at 3-day and in 100ng/ml of vitamin D₃ at 2 and 3-day. 2. The viability of PDL cells in 0.1ng/ml of TGF- β was not significantly differenent from that of the control group at 1, 2 and 3-day of cultivation, but it was significantly increased in 1 and 5ng/ml of TGF-β at 3-day of cultivation, and in l0ng/ml of TGF- β at 2 and 3-day of cultivation. 3. In case of admixture of lng/ml of TGF-β and the various concentrations of vitamin D₃, the viability of PDL cells was significantly increased in the admixture of 100ng/ml of vitamin D₃ at 3-day of cultivation 4. In case of admixture of 5ng/ml of TGF-β and the various concentrations of vitamin D₃, the viability of PDL cells began to be increased from 2-day of cultivation in the admixture of 10 50 and 100ng/ml of vitamin D₃, but it was not maintained at 3-day in the admixture of 10ng/ml of vitamin D₃ 5. In case of admixture of 10ng/ml of TGF-β and the various concentrations of vitamin D₃, the viability of PDL cells was significantly increased in the admixture of 50ng/ml of vitamin D₃ at 2 and 3-day of cultivation, and in the admixture of 100ng/ml at 1, 2 and 3-day.

비타민 D 결핍식이 쥐에서의 태양광성 조사에 의한 malondialdehyde 생성측정과 alkaline phosphatase 변화에 관한 연구

안령미,김정현,장동덕 대한보건협회 1998 대한보건연구 Vol.24 No.1

비타민 D는 칼슘과 인의 세포외액농도를 정상범위로 유지하는 비타민이다. 또한 골의 파괴와 형성과도 관계가 있다. 비타민 D는 두 가지 공급원에 의해서 공급되어 지는데, 첫 번째는 식이에 의한 섭취, 두 번째는 피부에서의 합성이다. 본 연구에서는 일반식이와 비타민 D 결핍식이 쥐에 태양광선을 조사하였을 경우 혈청 25(OH)D_3, 칼슘, 인, alkaline phosphatase(ALP)의 변화를 연구하고자 하였다. 또한 실험동물에 태양광선의 조사가 과산화지질의 지표로 사용되는 malondialdehyde 농도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 어린 암컷의 SD rats를 1)일반식이, 2) 일반식이+태양광선, 3) 비타민 D 결핍식이, 4) 비타민 D 결핍식이+태양광선의 4군으로 분류하였다. 비타민 D 결핍식이는 혈청 칼슘과 인의 농도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 하지만 혈청 25(OH)D_3 농도의 경우 일반식이군에 비하여 비타민 D 결핍식이 군에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, 비타민 D 결핍식이군에 태양광선을 조사하였을 때 증가하였다. ALP 활성의 경우 일반식이나 비타민 D 결핍식이군에 비해 태양광선을 조사한 군들에서 감소를 보였다. 또한 일반식이보다 비타민 D 결핍식이군에서 ALP의 활성이 낮았다. Malondialdehyde의 생성은 태양광선 비조사군에 비하여 조사군에서 감소하였다. 결론적으로 실험동물에 태양광선을 조사한 경우 칼슘, 인, 25(OH)D_3의 혈청농도에는 변화를 주지 않았지만 골질환의 인지지표인 ALP에 있어서는 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 즉 비타민 D 결핍식이를 공급한 쥐에 있어 태양광선을 조사하였을 경우에는 통계적으로 유의하게 ALP가 감소하였다. 이는 비타민 D의 결핍으로 인한 ALP의 상승을 태양광선의 조사에 의해 완화된다는 것을 나타낸다. Vitamin D is a unique vitamin and hormone which maintains extracellular fluid concentrations of calcium and phosphorus within the normal range. Additionally, it is related with bone destruction and bone formation. The vitamin D is supplied with two sources 1) ingested in the diet, 2) produced in the skin. We now have examined the effect of sunlight exposure on serum 25(OH)D_3, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in rat with normal or vitamin D deficiency diet. Also we have observed the malondialdehyde concentration as an index of lipid peroxidation when rats was irradiated with sunlight. Weanling female Sprague Dawely rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) normal diet, 2) normal diet with sunlight exposure, 3) vitamin D deficiency diet, 4) vitamin D deficiency diet with sunlight exposure. Vitamin D deficiency diet had no effect on concentration of serum calcium and phosphorus. But the concentrations of serum 25(OH)D_3 was decreased in rat with vitamin D deficiency diet compared to rats with normal diet. Serum 25(OH)D_3 concentration was increased by sunlight exposure in vitamin D deficiency diet group. In alkaline phosphatase activity, it was decreased in sunlight irradiated groups compared to normal and vitamin D deficiency diet groups. And the activity of alkaline phosphatase was lowered in vitamin D deficiency diet group than normal diet one. Sunlight decreased the synthesis of malondialdehyde in irradiated group compared to non-irradiated group. These results suggest that the sunlight irradiation had lowered the ALP concentration in serum. And it implied that the sunlight exposure may produce an beneficial effect on the bone.

비타민 D 결핍식이 쥐에서의 태양광선 조사에 의한 malondialdehyde 생성측정과 alkaline phosphatase 변화에 관한 연구

안령미,김정현,장동덕 대한보건협회 1998 대한보건연구 Vol.24 No.1

비타민 D는 칼슘과 인의 세포외액농도를 정상범위로 유지하는 비타민이다. 또한 골의 피괴와 형성과도 관계가 있다. 비타민 D는 두 가지 공급원에 의해서 공급되어 지는데, 첫 번째는 식이에 의한 섭취, 두 번째는 피부에서의 합성이다. 본 연구에서는 일반식이와 비타민 D 결핍식이 쥐에 태양광선을 조사하였을 경우 혈청 25(OH)D_3, 칼슘, 인, alkaline phosphatase(ALP)의 변화를 연구하고자 하였다. 또한 실험동물에 태양광선의 조사가 과산화지질의 지표로 사용되는 malondialdehyde 농도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 어린 암컷의 SD rats를 1)일반식이, 2) 일반식이+태양광선, 3) 비타민 D 결핍식이, 4) 비타민 D 결핍식이+태양광선의 4군으로 분류하였다. 비타민 D결핍식이는 혈청 칼슘과 인의 농도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 하지만 혈청 25(OH)D_3 농도의 경우 일반식이군에 비하여 비타민 D 결핍식이 군에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, 비타민 D 결핍식이군에 태양광선을 조사하였을 때 증가하였다. ALP 활성의 경우 일반식이나 비타민 D 결핍식이군에 비해 태양광선을 조사한 군들에서 감소를 보였다. 또한 일반식이보다 비타민 D 결핍식이군에서 ALP의 활성이 낮았다. Malondialdehyde의 생성은 탸양광선 비조사군에 비하여 조사군에서 감소하였다. 결론적으로 실험동물에 태양광선을 조사한 경우 칼슘, 인, 25(OH)D_3 의 혈청농도에는 변화를 주지 않았지만 골질환의 인지지표인 ALP에 있어서는 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 즉 비타민 D 결핍식이를 공급한 쥐에 있어 태양광선을·조사하였을 경우에는 통계적으로 유의하게 ALP가 감소하였다. 이는 비타민 D의 결핍으로 인한 ALP의 상승을 태양광선의 조사에 의해 완화된다는 것을 나타낸다. Vitamin D is a unique vitamin and hormone which maintains extracellular fluid concentrations of calcium and phosphorus within the normal range. Additionally, it is related with bone destruction and bone formation. The vitamin D is supplied with two sources 1) ingested in the diet, 2) produced in the skin. We now have examined the effect of sunlight exposure on serum 25(OH)D_3, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in rat with normal or vitamin D deficiency diet. Also we have observed the malondialdehyde concentration as an index of lipid peroxidation when rats was irradiated with sunlight. Weanling female Sprague Dawely rats were randomly divided into 4 groups : 1) normal diet, 2) normal diet with sunlight exposure, 3) vitamin D deficiency diet, 4) vitamin D deficiency diet with sunlight exposure. Vitamin D deficiency diet had no effect on concentration of serum calcium and phosphorus. But the concentrations of serum 25(OH)D_3 was decreased in rat with vitamin D deficiency diet compared to rats with normal diet. Serum 25(OH)D_3 concentration was increased by sunlight exposure in vitamin D deficiency diet group. In alkaline phosphatase activity, it was decreased in sunlight irradiated groups compared to normal and vitamin D deficiency diet groups. And the activity of alkaline phosphatase was lowered in vitamin D deficiency diet group than normal diet one. Sunlight decreased the synthesis of malondialdehyde in irradiated group compared to non-irradiated group. These results suggest that the sunlight irradiation had lowered the ALP concentration in serum. And it implied that the sunlight exposure may produce an beneficial effect on the bone.

Enrichment of Vitamins $D_3$, K and Iron in Eggs of Laying Hens

Park, S.W.,Namkung, H.,Ahn, H.J.,Paik, I.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2

An experiment was conducted to produce eggs enriched with vitamins $D_3$, K and iron in eggs. Six hundred 97-wk-old ISA Brown force molted hens were allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of six dietary treatments: T1; control (C), T2; C+4,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+2.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T3; C+8,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+5.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T4; C+12,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+7.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T5; C+16,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+10.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T6; C+20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+12.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe. Fe was supplemented with Fe-methionine. Each treatment consisted of five replicates of ten cages with two birds per cage. Egg production and egg weight were highest in T2 and incidence of soft and broken egg was highest in T6. Haugh unit was not different among treatments although it tended to be increased as dietary vitamins $D_3$ and K increased. Eggshell strength was not different among treatment. Concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and K in egg yolk increased and plateaued approximately 20 days after feeding supplemented diets. The level of these vitamins peaked at 12,000 IU/kg vitamin $D_3$ and 7.5 mg/kg vitamin K supplementation and then decreased at the higher than these supplementation levels. The peak concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and vitamin K were 4.6 times and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. Supplementary Fe also increased Fe content in egg yolk. It is concluded that vitamin $D_3$ and K in eggs can be effectively enriched by proper supplementation time and level of these vitamins.

Administration of vitamin D3 by injection or drinking water alters serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations of nursery pigs

Young Dal Jang,Jingyun Ma,Ning Lu,Jina Lim,H. James Monegue,Robert L. Stuart,Merlin D. Lindemann 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate vitamin D3 administration to nursery pigs by injection or in drinking water on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) concentrations. Methods: At weaning, 51 pigs (27 and 24 pigs in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were allotted to vitamin D3 treatments. Treatments in experiment 1 were: i) control (CON), no vitamin administration beyond that in the diet, ii) intramuscular (IM) injection of 40,000 IU of vitamin D3 at weaning, and iii) water administration, 5,493 IU of vitamin D3/L drinking water for 14 d postweaning. Treatments in experiment 2 were: i) control (CON), no vitamin administration, and ii) water administration, 92 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 5,493 IU of vitamin D3/L drinking water for 28 d postweaning. The lightest 2 pigs within each pen were IM injected with an additional 1,000 IU of d-α-tocopherol, 100,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, and 100,000 IU of vitamin D3. Results: In both experiments, serum 25-OHD3 was changed after vitamin D3 administration (p<0.05). In experiment 1, injection and water groups had greater values than CON group through d 35 and 21 post-administration, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, serum values peaked at d 3 post-administration in the injection groups regardless of water treatments (p<0.05) whereas CON and water-only groups had peaks at d 14 and 28 post-administration, respectively (p<0.05). Even though the injection groups had greater serum 25-OHD3 concentrations than the non-injection groups through d 7 post-administration regardless of water treatments (p<0.05), the water-only group had greater values than the injection-only group from d 21 post-administration onward (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum 25-OHD3 concentrations in pigs increased either by vitamin D3 injection or drinking water administration. Although a single vitamin D3 injection enhanced serum 25-OHD3 concentrations greater than water administration in the initial period post-administration, a continuous supply of vitamin D3 via drinking water could maintain higher serum values than the single injection.

Vitamin D3 검출을 위한 경쟁적인 효소면역분석법

홍수연,이인숙 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.24 No.-

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vitamin D3 has been optimized and characterized. Vitamin D3 plays an important role for maintaining skeletal health, through controlling blood calcium levels and thus improving bone density. A deficiency of vitamin D3 (below 20 ng/mL) causes osteomalacia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. While vitamin D3 toxicity like hypercalcemia, is caused by ingestion of excessively high amounts of vitamin D3 (above 150 ng/mL). Thus Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) has set the maximum levels of vitamin D3 in nutritional supplements (10 µg in 1 tablet). Assay was performed with 1.0 µg/mL of BSA-vitamin D3 conjugate and 1/5,000 dilution of vitamin D3 antibody. A dose-response curve was constructed, and a limit of detection and a dynamic range for vitamin D3 were accomplished to 2.51×10^(-7) M and three orders (1.0×10^(-4) M to 1.0×10^(-7) M) of magnitude, respectively. And percent recoveries of vitamin D3 were quite satisfactory. This may provide usefulness of present assay to monitor vitamin D3.