사이버 가정학습에서 튜터 역할에 대한 중요도와 실행도 인식 정도의 차이 분석

신재한 교육종합연구원 2009 교육종합연구 Vol.7 No.1

The purposes of this study were to categorize tutor roles in cyber home learning into teacher roles and system manager roles, examine differences in the awareness of the two roles' importance and performance, and explore practical measures to narrow the gap between them as much as possible. Paired sample t-test was conducted to analyze differences in the awareness of tutor roles' importance and performance, and the 'importance-performance analysis(IPA)' matrix was applied to search for specific strategies to reinforce tutor roles in cyber home learning. Those research efforts led to the following conclusions: first, there were huge differences in the awareness of tutor roles' importance and performance between teacher roles and system manager roles, which raises a need to develop a learning management system for teachers themselves to check the performance of their tutor roles daily in order to narrow such a gap; and secondly, the IPA matrix results of teacher roles and system manager roles suggest that future models and strategies to run cyber home learning should be developed in a way that the items whose importance level is low can be connected to those which should be maintained in the current level instead of separating them.

여성의 다중역할에 따른 건강 차이

조수진,장숙랑,조성일,Cho, Su-Jin,Jang, Soong-Nang,Cho, Sung-Il 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives : Most studies about multiple roles and women's health suggested that combining with paid job, being married and having children was more likely to improve health status than in case of single or traditional roles. We investigated whether there was better health outcome in multiple roles among Korean women coinciding with previous studies of other nations. Methods : Data were from the 2005 Korea National Health & Nutritional Examination Survey, a subsample of women aged 25-59 years (N=2,943). Health status was assessed for self-rated poor health, perceived stress and depression, respectively based on one questionnaire item. The age-standardized prevalence of all health outcomes were calculated by role categories and socioeconomic status. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of self rated health, perceived stress, and depression with multiple roles adjusted for age, education, household income, number of children and age of children. Results : Having multiple roles with working role was not associated with better health and psychological wellbeing. Compared to those with traditional roles, employed women more frequently experienced perceived stress, with marital and/or parental roles. Non-working single mothers suffered depression more often than women with traditional roles or other role occupancy. Socioeconomic status indicators were potent independent correlates of self-rated health and perceived stress. Conclusions : Employment of women with other roles did not confer additional health benefit to traditional family responsibility. Juggling of work and family responsibility appeared more stressful than traditional unemployed parental and marital role in Korean women.

재미교포 기혼여성의 가족역할 분담과 결혼의 질: 취업주부와 전업주부의 비교

조병은 ( Byung Eun Cho ),신화용 ( Hwa Yong Shin ) 한국가족관계학회 2006 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This research assessed the relationship between perceptions on the division of 7 family roles and the marital quality of Korean-American wives. The data were collected from 143 working wives and 76 non-working wives with at least one child, living in 4 major cities in the US. The relationship between the division of 7 family roles (child care, housework, economic roles, kin-keeping, emotional support, leisure activities, and self-development) and marital quality was compared by such factors as the employment status of the wives, controling income, educational level, age, and gender role attitudes. The results indicated that regardless of employment status, child care and housework were primarily performed by the wives. The roles of emotional support, economic roles, kin-keeping, and leisure activities were found to be jointly performed with the husbands. For the working wives, division of family roles was found to be significantly related to their marital quality; those who performed more family roles displayed lower marital satisfaction and lower marital stability than those who carried out either less or a similar amount of family roles. For the non-working wives, the division of family roles was not so related to marital satisfaction. However, lower marital stability was reported by wives who performed more economic and emotional supporting roles than those did either less or equally with their husbands. Therefore, the results supported the social exchange perspective, suggesting an association between wives` marital quality and fair division or carrying out less family roles.

상 역할 설정의 필요성

홍윤기 ( Hong Yun-ki ) 국제어문학회 2005 국제어문 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the need to create aspectual roles. The `Measuring-out argument` which have functions to delimit situation, measure out the event. This corresponds to `aspectual roles`: [MEASURE], [PATH], [TERMINUS]. We discuss the aspectual roles, linking constraints, and the relationship between aspectual and thematic roles. [MEASURE], [PATH], [TERMINUS] are aspectual roles, and they are linked to syntactic argument according to the linking principle. [MEASURE] is linked to direct internal argument. [TERMINUS] is linked to direct internal argument, or to the adjunct which is added for bounded reading. In some cases [PATH] is explicitly represented, however, it is not if/when one argument is linked to [TERMINUS]. There are differences in thematic roles and aspectual roles, especially in the aspectual information. For instance, the linking of `Theme` and [MEASURE] are different according to certain circumstances. As we establish the aspectual roles, we can explain the aspectual function of argument, and we can relate the argument to semantic realities (aspectual roles). Aspectual roles make up two aspectual role grids: one being [[MEASURE]], the other being [[PATH], [TERMINUS]].

스타니슬랍스키 연극론에 있어서 배우와 역할의 관계 : 『역할에 대한 배우의 작업』을 중심으로

이진아 ( Chin A Lee ) 한국드라마학회 2014 드라마연구 Vol.0 No.42

This study reviewed ‘System’ suggested by Stanislavsky and “Creating a Role” written by him, in order to look into Stanislavsky’s thought on the relationship among actors, roles in a play and roles to be played on a stage. “Creating a Role” was not completed by Stanislavsky but by editors after his death. There are differences in times when each chapter was written and also in the author’s attitude and opinion toward the creation of a role. In the early years he emphasized that actors should dam up and control their feelings, and maintained that they should define the essence of emotion and should grope for actions to bring out it. In later years, however, he proposed ‘the method of physical actions’ based on imagination and improvisatory acting, suggesting that it should come before what actors analyzes a play and their roles. Even so, they are little different in the attitude toward plays and ways to create a role based on the actor’s physical activity and experience and to feel the play. Stanislavsky maintained that performing arts should be centered on creative actors, and his thought led to a study on the system. He wished actors to have experience of existing as their roles on the stage. Of course, he did not hope to get rid of the boundary between actors’ own selves and their roles on the stage. He particularly stressed that actors should be immersed in their roles but at the same time should be aware of themselves as actors. Actors are not characters on the stage. Actors comprehend their roles and lead their lives on the stage, and at the same time, they are subjects who control their roles consciously. Stanislavsky believed that without actual experiences, actors could not make the characters come to life on the stage. Such experiences are what he wanted to gain with the method of physical actions. In this regard, an actor should be an actor as well as a controller; specifically, an actor should completely go into the character and act the character so as to communicate them to the audience. Herein lies the artistic completeness of which Stanislavsky dreamed. 본 연구는 콘스탄틴 세르게예비치 스타니슬랍스키의 ‘시스템’과 그의 저술『역할에 대한 배우의 작업』을 중심으로 하여 희곡과 역할에 대한 배우의 작업,배우와 무대 위 역할의 관계를 고찰한다. 『역할에 대한 배우의 작업』은 스타니슬랍스키가 완성한 원고가 아니라 그의 사후 편집진들에 의해서 정리된 것이다. 때문에 각 장의 집필 시기도 다르지만 배우의 역할 창조에 대한 스타니슬랍스키의 생각 또한 시기에 따라 조금씩 상이하다. 초기 작업에서 스타니슬랍스키는 무엇보다도 배우는 감정을 장악하고 조절해야 한다는 것을 강조하면서, 배우는 역할의 감정이 지닌 본질을 규정한이후에야 그 감정을 불러일으킬 행동을 찾아야 한다고 말했다. 그러던 것이 후기로 오면서 상상력을 통한 즉흥 연기를 활용하는 ‘신체행동방법론’을 희곡과 역할의 분석보다 선행하여 시도해 보도록 제안한다. 그런데 『역할에 대한 배우의 작업』을 구성하는 서로 다른 시기에 집필된 원고를 살펴보자면, 배우의 희곡을 대하는 태도, 배우 자신의 신체와 체험을 역할 창조에 활용하는 세부 방법들, 배우가 희곡을 느끼고 분석하는 법 등에 대한 원칙은 크게 다르지 않다는 것을 알 수 있다. 다시 말하면, 역할에 대한 배우 작업의 세 시기(인식의 시기, 체험의 시기, 구현의 시기)의 선후 순서, 각 작업에서 세부 과제들의 강조점에 변화가 있는 것이다. 스타니슬랍스키는 무대 예술은 창조적 배우가 중심이 되는 예술이어야 한다고 주장했고, 그것이 시스템에 대한 탐구로 이어졌다. 때문에 그는 배우가 무대에서 ‘역할로서 존재함’을 느끼기를 원했다. 그러나 그렇다고 하여 그가 무대 위에서 존재하는 배우와 역할 사이의 거리를 완전히 지울 수 있다고 여긴것은 아니었다. 오히려 그는 배우가 무대 위에서 역할의 삶을 살고 연기하는 동시에, ‘역할을 연기하는 배우’로서의 자신을 자각하는 것이 무엇보다 필요하다고 강조했다. 무대 위에서 배우는 역할이 되는 것이 아니다. 배우는 역할을 이해하고 무대에서 그의 삶을 살며 동시에 의식적으로 역할을 제어하는 자이다. 스타니슬랍스키는 배우 그 자신이 체험하고 느끼지 못한 역할을 무대 위에서 구현할 수는 없다고 생각했다. 후기 작업에서 강조되고 있는 신체행동방법을 통해 그가 얻고자 한 것이 바로 그 체험이었다. 그리고 그 결과를 관객에게 효과적으로 전달하기 위하여 무대 위 배우는 ‘역할’인 동시에 ‘역할을 연기하는’ ‘배우.통제자’라는 이중의 존재여야 했다. 스타니슬랍스키가 꿈꾼, 예술가로서의 배우, 예술로서의 배우술, 배우 예술의 완전성 역시 여기에 있었다고 하겠다.

상급종합병원 외과계 전담간호사(Physician Assistant)의 직무 역할: 내용분석

임현숙,정향인,최경주 간호행정학회 2023 간호행정학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to identify the detailed job roles of physician assistants working in surgical departments of tertiary hospitals in Korea. Methods: Data were collected via individual in-depth interviews and analyzed using a content analysis method. Participants were 19 physician assistants (PAs), each of whom had been working for more than one year in tertiary hospitals. Results: Overall, 348 codes were extracted and clustered into 75 subcategories (job roles). Thereafter, 75 subcategories were classified into three categories (nursing roles, medical residents’ roles, and physicians’ roles). Among 75 PA job roles, 1 (1.3%) was a nursing role, 7 (9.3%) were nursing or medical residents’ roles, and 67 (89.4%) were physicians’ roles. Physicians’ roles were mostly surgery-associated functions performed in a variety of settings in numerous different ways. Conclusion: Establishing educational systems, qualification standards, and payment systems for the PAs and legalizing their professional status are necessary. 연구의 목적: 상급종합병원 외과에서 근무하는 전담간호사의 구체적인 직무 역할을 파악하는 것이다. 연구방법: 개인 심층면담를 통해 데이터를 수집하고 내용 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 참가자들은 G시의 상급종합병원에서 1년 이상 근무한 전담간호사 19명이었다. 연구결과: 총 348개의 코드가 추출되어 75개의 하위 범주(직무)로 도출되었다. 75개의 하위 범주는 3가지 범주(간호업무, 전공의업무, 진료업무)로 재 분류되었다. 전담간호사의 75개 직무 중 간호업무는 1개(1.3%), 간호업무/전공의업무는 7개(9.3%), 진료업무/전공의업무는 67개(89.4%)였다. 진료업무/전공의업무는 대부분 다양한 환경에서 다양한 방식으로 수행되는 외과 관련 역할이었다. 결론: 전담간호사에 대한 신분을 보장하고, 교육, 자격, 보상을 위한 기준을 마련하여 전문간호사의 전문적 지위를 합법화할 필요가 있다.

기독학생들의 세계시민의식과 교회교육의 방향

김난예 한국기독교교육학회 2011 기독교교육논총 Vol.27 No.-

This paper strives to seek the ways for christian students how to conduct their responsibilities as disciples of Jesus Christ and world citizen members. Until now, church education has mostly focused on Christ's disciples roles over citizen roles. Actually, disciples roles and citizen roles are interconnected and supplement each other. So when we try to interconnect both of them closely, christian and church education can be healthy. Finally, we should perform church education that world citizen role beyond disciples role may be conduct. In that sense, this paper examines for christian students what world citizen awareness is and what it is to conduct world citizen roles and responsibilities as disciples and suggests directions for the fostering and educating of the attitude as world citizen and its roles. As the results of this, directions for church education are as follows. First, For those who deeply identifies oneself as disciples, it is required to perform education fostering attitude and ability of respecting diversity and differences. In addition, it is necessary to focus on practical education which turns the volition to solve the problem into the acting faith. Second, There are differences of World Citizenship according to children's religion. Participation­volition in regard to problem­solution shows significant differences only for christian and atheism Third, Higher schools' level is, the higher world citizen awareness, discussions on when to start education of World citizen awareness is necessary. It is desirable to perform world citizen education through broad experiences to the elementary school students, and to expand the width of secondary experiences to the high school students. Fourth, regional culture and environment seem to influence world citizen awareness when we see the fact that there is a difference in world citizen awareness in accordance with city type, such as between Seoul and metro cities and between metro cities and small cities. Therefore, church education should carefully care students of smaller cities considering culture and environmental factors lest they be excluded from cultural benefit. Fifth, differences of world citizen awareness among students regarding grades seem to relate with experiences based upon knowledge. Therefore, church education should necessarily provide academic knowledge for world citizenship and opportunity for broad secondary experience as well as bible knowledge according to development progress of students. 본 연구는 교회교육에서 학생들이 예수 그리스도의 제자임과 동시에 세계시민의 한 사람으로서 그 책임을 어떻게 수행해 나갈 것인가에 대한 방향을 찾고자 하였다. 지금까지 교회교육은 지구촌 사회에서 세계시민의 한 사람으로서의 시민직 보다는 그리스도의 제자직을 강조한 면이 없지 않다. 건강한 교회교육은 제자직과 시민직이 상호연결되어 서로 보완하고 의미를 확충해 나갈 때 이루어질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 교회교육은 제자직을 넘어 시민직을 수행해야 한다. 세계시민의식은 인간의 보편적 가치, 다양성에 대한 가치존중, 세계문제에 대한 관심과 흥미, 세계문제에 대한 참여의지, 세계지향성으로 설정하였고 그 결과를 분석하여 내린 교회교육의 방향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생자신이 그리스도의 제자로 깊이 인식할수록 다양성을 존중하는 태도와 능력을 함양하는 교육이 절실히 요구되며, 문제해결에 대한 의지를 행동하는 믿음으로 나타내는 실천교육에 보다 많은 관심을 기울여야 한다. 둘째, 종교에 따라 세계시민의식에 차이가 있기에 기독교 부모와 교사들은 이에 대한 책임이 크다. 특히 문제 해결에 대한 참여의지는 기독교와 무교만이 유의미한 차이를 보이는데 이는 기독교가 세계시민의식 개발에 영향 을 주었다고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 학생들의 학교급이 높아질수록 세계시민의식이 높아지는 것으로 보아 초등학교에서는 폭넓은 경험을, 고등학교에서는 간접경험의 폭을 넓히는 것이 바람직하다. 넷째, 거주 지역에 따른 세계시민의식 차이는 지역문화와 환경의 영향이기에 교회교육은 문화와 환경의 문제 를 염두에 두고 학생들이 소외되지 않도록 교육하며 양육해야 한다. 다섯째, 성적에 따른 세계시민의식에 차이가 있는 것으로 보아 교회교육은 학생들의 발달과정에 따라 성경지 식 확보와 폭넓은 간접경험의 기회를 제공해야 할 필요성이 있다.

The Roles of Critical Care Advanced Practice Nurse

Sung, Young-Hee,Yi, Young-Hee,Kwon, In-Gak,Cho, Yang-Ae Korean Society of Nursing Science 2006 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.36 No.8

Purpose. To determine and compare the perception among nurses and doctors of the roles and tasks of critical care advanced practice nurses (APNs) in order to establish standardized and formally agreed role criteria for such critical care APNs. Method. This study measured and analyzed the necessity of each of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs, as perceived by nurses and doctors, through a survey of 121 participants: 71 nurses in 7 intensive care units (ICUs) at a general hospital in Seoul, and 50 doctors who used ICUs. Data collection utilized a questionnaire of 128 questions in the following fields: direct practice (79), leadership and change agent (17), consultation and collaboration (15), education and counseling (11), and research (6). Results. Both the nurses' and the doctors' groups confirmed the necessity of critical care APNs, with doctors who frequently used ICUs indicating a particularly strong need. As for the priority of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, research, consultation and collaboration, and leadership and change agent. The doctors also considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, research, and leadership and change agent. There was a statistically significant difference between how the two groups regarded all the roles, except for the consultation and collaboration roles. As for the necessity of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered research to be the most necessary, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The doctors, on the other hand, considered education and counseling to be the most necessary, followed by research, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The responses of the two groups to all the roles, except for education and counseling roles, were significantly different. Conclusion. Nurses and doctors have different perceptions of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs. Thus, it is necessary for the combined nursing and medical fields to reach an official agreement on a set of criteria to standardize for the roles and tasks of critical care APNs.

<물고기의 축제>에 나타난 인물의 역할과 활용

박미리 ( Mi Ri Park ) 한국연극학회 2009 한국연극학 Vol.0 No.37

The purpose of this study is to explore the theory of dramatherapy for establishing relations between characters and dramatic plot and also to find a way of dramatherapeutic practices in use of the plays. For this, the study analyzed with Role model Theory of Robert J. Landy, characters of a drama, <The Funeral of a Fish>, written by Mi-Ri Yoo. Landy categorized 84 role types of characters in Western dramatic literature based on six domains named Somatic, Cognitive, Affective, Social, Spiritual and Aesthetic. By applying this categorization, the role types of two characters in <The Funeral of a Fish> can be described as follows. Sadako: Wife, Mother, Victim, Seducer, Adulterer, Parasite and Zombie Huyuo: Victim, Rebel, Dreamer, Hothead, Avenger, Tyrant, Worker, Killer and Suicide In the drama, the `Zombie` role of Sadako and Huyuo`s `Rebel Son and the Tyrant` role have effects on each other. These two roles, `Rebel` and `Zombie`, drove two characters, as time went by, to both extremes resulted in Huyuo`s suicide. Thus, Huyuo, who killed himself, could be an abnormal and antisocial character. Huyuo`s dramatic change from `Victim` to `Tyrant and Killer` was resulted from the fact that he didn`t have a `guide` and he did not know the benefits of balance from coexistence of roles. Landy`s role model theory not only provides new viewpoints for analyzing characters in a drama but also enables drama therapy to be a practical remedy based on a drama. For the dramatherapy, we distinguished social role from dramatic role in relation to the actor: the latter on the fictitious stage, the former in a real world. The very important thing is the fact that the actor plays many social roles by means of aesthetic distance. And this also applies to the process of dramatherapy; the client not only acknowledges his roles in the society by playing various roles on a stage, but also he can acquire the ability of maintaining balance between himself with his own eyes and himself with others` view. In order to develope dramatherapy, one of various fields derived from drama, we need to pay more attention to drama itself as well as to apply other tools, such as sociology and psychology, for relating drama, fictious stage and society, real world.

다중역할의 상호향상 효과

김효선(Hyo Sun Kim),김옥선(Ock Son Kim) 한국경영학회 2010 經營學硏究 Vol.39 No.2

As dual earner partners and single parents in workplace increases, issue of work and family lives and the effect of multiple roles are receiving attentions from both academic researchers and business firms. This study focused on the advantages and the positive aspects of multiple roles rather than the negative effects such as work-family conflict, stress, and impaired wellbeing. We proposed that participating in multiple roles leads the positive interdependencies between work and family roles. Greenhaus & Powell(2006) called the process as “the workfamily enrichment” and defined it as the extent to which experiences in one role improve the quality of life in the other roles. They specified the conditions under which work and family roles become allies rather than enemies. Following Greenhaus & Powell, this article examined positive spillover between family and work lives, which results in work-family enrichment. Greenhaus & Powell proposed five types of resources that can be generated in a role: skills and perspectives, material resources, flexibility, psychological and physical resources, and social-capital resources. Skills refer to a broad set of task-related cognitive and interpersonal skills, coping skills, multitasking skills, and knowledge and wisdom derived from role experience, and perspectives involve ways of perceiving or handling situation, such as respecting individual difference, valuing differences in cultural background, being understanding of other people’s problems, and learning the value of trust. Material resources include money and gifts obtained from work and family roles. Flexibility refers to discretion to determine the timing, pace, and location at which role requirements are met. Psychological and physical resources include positive self-evaluations, such as self-efficacy, self-esteem and physical health. Role experiences also provide resources through the acquisition of social capital. The goodwill engendered by the fabric of social relations can be mobilized to facilitate action. This research examines the positive spillover between work and family domains by measuring the resources acquired from performing the role in one domain and relating them to the Work to Family Spillover and Family to Work Spillover. We used the data of 1,138 employed and married women surveyed by Korean Women’s Development Institute for 1st KLoWF(Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family) in 2007. KLoWF covers huge data of 10,000 women’s economic status development and their relationship with family life, family formation process, and the change of family structure along their life-cycle. This data is extensively useful to research work-family life balance and workfamily life transition. As expected, we found the existence of positive spillover of resources between work and family domains. The hypothesis that psychological and physical resources derived from performing the role at workplace would positively related to the work to family positive spillover is fully supported and material resources partially affected work to family spillover. On the other hand, flexibility and psychological and physical resources acquired from family partially increased family to work positive spillover. We also hypothesized that resources derived from each domain contributed to the positive spillover in reverse direction. That is, resources from family domain could affect work to family positive spillover, not only family to work positive spillover, and vice versa. The results showed that psychological and physical resources in family domain significantly increased work to family positive spillover, and psychological and physical resources in workplace significantly affect to the family to work positive spillover. In conclusion, this research clarified the existence of positive spillover between work and family lives and the significant effects of the resources in one role to the performance and the quality of life in other role. Especial