A Survey on Understanding of Qi Deficiency in Koreans

이상재,이향숙,Lee, Sang-Jae,Lee, Hyang-Sook Society for Meridian and Acupoint 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.22 No.1

Objectives : To identify whether and how Korean people understand 'qi deficiency' and related symptoms. Methods : We developed a questionnaire based on the experts' comments and modification asking understanding of 'qi deficiency' and symptoms or situations related with it. Total 128 workers at community healthcare centres across the country completed the questionnaire. They were asked if they know the meaning of the word 'qi deficiency' and to give at least three symptoms or situations that they conceive are related with 'qi deficiency'. The responses were collected and descriptive and frequency analyses were performed. Results : Approximately 79.7% of responders answered that they understand the meaning of the word 'qi deficiency' and of them, 71.6% reported that they experience 'qi deficiency' sometimes or more. Regarding somatic or condition-related responses in qi deficiency, lack of power or energy (26.6%), tiredness or fatigue (22.2%), dizziness (7.2%) or sweating (6.3%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. They related symptoms such as loss of appetite (4.3%) or easily catching colds (2.4%) with qi deficiency. Factors described in traditional pattern recognition of qi deficiency were not exactly matched with the responses from this survey. Conclusions : Korean people have rather a broad concept of qi deficiency covering a range of symptoms and this should be taken into account in developing a deficiency assessment tool.

한국인의 기허 인식 조사

이상재 ( Sang Jae Lee ),이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Objectives: To identify whether and how Korean people understand `qi deficiency` and related symptoms. Methods: We developed a questionnaire based on the experts` comments and modification asking understanding of `qi deficiency` and symptoms or situations related with it. Total 128 workers at community healthcare centres across the country completed the questionnaire. They were asked if they know the meaning of the word `qi deficiency` and to give at least three symptoms or situations that they conceive are related with `qi deficiency`. The responses were collected and descriptive and frequency analyses were performed. Results: Approximately 79.7% of responders answered that they understand the meaning of the word `qi deficiency` and of them, 71.6% reported that they experience `qi deficiency` sometimes or more. Regarding somatic or condition-related responses in qi deficiency, lack of power or energy (26.6%), tiredness or fatigue (22.2%), dizziness (7.2%) or sweating (6.3%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. They related symptoms such as loss of appetite (4.3%) or easily catching colds (2.4%) with qi deficiency. Factors described in traditional pattern recognition of qi deficiency were not exactly matched with the responses from this survey. Conclusions: Korean people have rather a broad concept of qi deficiency covering a range of symptoms and this should be taken into account in developing a deficiency assessment tool.

多糖凝胶对脾气虚症状皮肤改善情况的相关性研究

차표,리려남,리가열,리려,맹홍,류광영 한국피부과학연구원 2020 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: It is verified that polysaccharide gel can improve the spleen qi deficiency, especially the skin phenomenon caused by spleen qi deficiency. Methods: A mouse model of spleen qi deficiency syndrome was established by eating disorder. Four kinds of polysaccharide gels were applied to the skin of the backs of mice, and their weights, spleen-thymus index, skin sections, and skin indexes were used for evaluation. Results: The spleen qi deficiency mice had lower water content, lower gloss, and increased oil secretion, which were significantly different from those of the control group (p<0.01). The polysaccharide gel acts on mice with spleen qi deficiency, compared with the model group, the skin moisture content is increased, the gloss is increased, and the oil secretion is reduced, and it is significant. Conclusion: The polysaccharide gel can improve the symptoms of spleen qi deficiency, especially the dry and dull skin caused by spleen qi deficiency, and provide a basis for the subsequent application of polysaccharides in cosmetics to improve the skin symptoms of spleen qi deficiency. 目的: 验证多糖凝胶对脾气虚,尤其是脾气虚所导致的皮肤现象有改善作用。方法: 用饮食失节的方法建立脾气虚证的小鼠模型,用制备四种多糖凝胶涂抹在小鼠背部皮肤,用体重、脾胸腺指数、皮肤切片、皮肤指标等进行评价。结果: 脾气虚证小鼠含水量较低,光泽度较低,油脂分泌增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(p <0.01)。多糖凝胶作用于脾气虚的小鼠,与模型组相比,皮肤水分增加,光泽增加,油脂分泌减少,具有显着意义。结论: 多糖凝胶具有改善脾气虚症状,尤其是脾气虚所导致的皮肤干燥无光泽的现象,为后续多糖在化妆品改善脾气虚的皮肤症状上的应用提供依据。

남자(男子) 치흔설(齒痕舌) 변증에 관한 임상적 고찰

이수정,백상인,이병권,이아람,김광록,윤현민,김원일,Lee, Soo-Jung,Baek, Sang-In,Lee, Byung-Gwon,Lee, Ah-Ram,Kim, Koang-Lok,Yoon, Hyun-Min,Kim, Won-Il 대한약침학회 2010 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.13 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the propensity and find out the Syndrome Differentiation of teeth-mark tongue by taking survey and body examinations with 178 male patients. 164 patients out of 178 were checked up on Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Accelerated Photoplethysmograpy (APG), Body Composition. This study was also planned to find out the distinctive characteristics of teeth-mark tongue diagnosis and compare differences between Qi-Deficiency and Accumulation of Dampness and Phlegm patients group. Methods : The questionnaire was carried out targeting 178 male with teeth-mark tongue respondents among who had Oriental Health Examination and patients from the 3rd oriental-internal medicine department in Dongeui Hospital from $1^{st}$, March 2005 to $30^{th}$, April 2010. Only 164 patients were checked on HRV, APG and Body composition examinations. Results : It showed that 86 patients had Qi-Deficiency and 78 had Dampness and Phlegm but 14 couldn't be categorized. The major symptoms of Qi-Deficiency compared to Dampness and Phlegm were 'Frequent running nose', 'Soft stool', 'Chronic fatigue', and 'Eyestrain'. On the contrary, Dampness and Phlegm's dominant symptoms were 'Chest discomfort', 'Feeling bloated', 'Back pain', 'Feeling sluggish', and 'Itchy skin'. However, all symptoms were not matched with the Syndrome Differentiation of Qi-Deficiency or Dampness and Phlegm. It also showed that teeth-mark tongue patients' frequent symptoms were 'Stuffy nose', 'Feeling bloated', 'Oliguria', 'Shoulder pain', 'Chronic fatigue' 'Eyestrain' and these symptoms were matched with the Syndrome Differentiation of Qi-Deficiency and Dampness and Phlegm. In the results from this study, there were no significant differences between Qi-Deficiency and Dampness and Phlegm. Conclusions : It is hard to conclude that teeth-mark tongue could be only one to diagnose Qi-Deficiency or Dampness and Phlegm with 3 examinations.

노인 구강건조증에 대한 음허 진단의 유용성 및 주관적 구강건조감의 영향요인

김주연(Juyeon Kim),김진성(Jinsung Kim),박재우(Jaewoo Park),류봉하(Bongha Ryu) 대한한의학회 2013 대한한의학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Qi-deficiency in the Patients with Allergic Disorders

Yei, Young Chul,Jin, Chul,Choi, Won Woo,Hwang, Jae Woong,Jang, Hyeung Jin,Kim, Bum Joon,Lim, Kook Jin,Kwon, Seungwon,Cho, Seung Yeon,Park, Seong Uk,Park, Jung Mi,Ko, Chang Nam,Moon, Sang Kwan,Cho, Ki The Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine 2015 대한중풍.순환신경학회지 Vol.16 No.1

■ Introduction Allergy refers a hypersensitive immune response to the various environmental factors and Qi is considered as vit al energy to defend oneself from environments in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the relationship between allergy and Qi-deficiency ■ Methods We enrolled the subjects with allergic disorders and the healthy controls without allergic disorders. We got the information on the general characteristics, and the score of Qi-deficiency from all of the subjects, and measured their total Immunoglobulin E(IgE) level. ■ Results There were one hundred forty three subjects with allergic disorders and 211 of the control. The educational level, total IgE, and the scores of the Qi-deficiency were higher in the allergy group than in the control. ■ Conclusion Allergic subjects tend to have more severe Qi-deficiency. This could suggest the clinical effectiveness of some herbal medicines for Qi-deficiency on allergic disorders.

Objectification of the Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Pattern by Using a Facial Color Analysis

Park, Hye Bin,Yu, Junsang,Lee, Hyun Sook KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2017 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: This study aimed to assess a Qi Blood Yin Yang evaluation method systematically and objectively and to identify the correlation between the Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern (QBYYDP) and facial color. Methods: Thirty-seven participants (17 males, 20 females) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four (10 males, 14 females) had ages from 40 to over 60, and 13 (7 males and 6 females) were in their twenties. After sufficient rest, facial images were taken with a camera. Based on the results from a questionnaire survey, we divided the participants into five groups: the normal and the Qi-, Blood-, Yin-, and Yang-deficient groups, after which the relationships between the L, 'a', and 'b' values in the Lab color system and the characteristics of the participants in each of the deficient groups were elucidated using a facial color analysis program. Results: The color analysis for Qi-deficient (QD) participants revealed that the L value was fairly decreased in comparison with the normal participants, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same. A comparison between the normal and the Yang-deficient (YaD) groups revealed that the L values were somewhat lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were not statistically different. For the Yin-deficient (YiD) group, the L value was slightly lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same and the R values were slightly increased. For the Blood-deficient (BD) group, the L values were slightly increased compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were decreased slightly. Conclusion: This study obtained objective, reliable data for judging the QBYYDP by using facial images and a color analysis program. However, further study with at least 10 or more subjects in each of the deficient groups is necessary to confirm our findings.

Objectification of the Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Pattern by Using a Facial Color Analysis

박혜빈,유준상,이현숙 대한약침학회 2017 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: This study aimed to assess a Qi Blood Yin Yang evaluation method systematically and objectively and to identify the correlation between the Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern (QBYYDP) and facial color. Methods: Thirty-seven participants (17 males, 20 females) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four (10 males, 14 females) had ages from 40 to over 60, and 13 (7 males and 6 females) were in their twenties. After sufficient rest, facial images were taken with a camera. Based on the results from a questionnaire survey, we divided the participants into five groups: the normal and the Qi-, Blood-, Yin-, and Yang-deficient groups, after which the relationships between the L, ‘a’, and ‘b’ values in the Lab color system and the characteristics of the participants in each of the deficient groups were elucidated using a facial color analysis program. Results: The color analysis for Qi-deficient (QD) participants revealed that the L value was fairly decreased in comparison with the normal participants, but the ‘a’ and ‘b’ values were almost the same. A comparison between the normal and the Yang-deficient (YaD) groups revealed that the L values were somewhat lower compared to the normal group, but the ‘a’ and ‘b’ values were not statistically different. For the Yin-deficient (YiD) group, the L value was slightly lower compared to the normal group, but the ‘a’ and ‘b’ values were almost the same and the R values were slightly increased. For the Blood-deficient (BD) group, the L values were slightly increased compared to the normal group, but the ‘a’ and ‘b’ values were decreased slightly. Conclusion: This study obtained objective, reliable data for judging the QBYYDP by using facial images and a color analysis program. However, further study with at least 10 or more subjects in each of the deficient groups is necessary to confirm our findings.

血虛로 인한 肝氣鬱滯 및 神志不安의 發病機理 探究

김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),김현웅 ( Hyun-oong Kim ),최훈 ( Xun Cui ) 한약응용학회 2022 한약응용학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Blood is the basic substance that maintains and constitutes the life activities of the human body. It is a red liquid that lubricates and nourishes organs throughout the whole body. If blood is deficient, it affects the heart and liver system, and if blood metabolism is poor, it affects not only the organ function but also the Qi, Blood, Body fluids which are the three major substances in the body. We comprehended the following results for symptoms such as neuroticism, irritation, and anger. Blood Deficiency can reduce the function of The Free Flow of Qi together and cause a Liver-Qi Stagnation. Loss of Blood Vessel can cause Spirit Anxiety due to Blood Deficiency. Liver-Qi Stagnation can be caused by external stress in addition to Blood Deficiency. Spirit Anxiety can be caused by heat exhaustion in addition to blood heath. However, if the Liver-Qi Stagnation and Spirit Anxiety appear at the same time, the cause can be estimated as Blood Deficiency. Prescriptions known to be used in clinical trials for Liver-Qi Stagnation and Spirit Anxiety have features and advantages. In the process of examining the pathogenesis in detail, we came to know that the new prescription would be meaningful. It can greatly contribute to the treatment of mind and mental disease through dialectics.

한방 피부 진액 변증론 연구

김경신 ( Kyoung Shin Kim ),조가영 ( Ga Young Cho ),김덕희 ( Duck Hee Kim ),김병수 ( Byoung Soo Kim ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2011 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference about pathogenesis of skin type, the theory that explains each individual react to certain stress is generally accepted in traditional oriental medicine. The aim of this experiment is to find out relationship between the effect of facial condition and the vital conditions of traditional Oriental medicine. We recognized that pattern identification of fluid-humor could be divided into 4 different groups. The reason is that the fluid-humor could be interpreted as Qi & Blood, furthermore Qi & Blood were categorized into deficiency and excess groups. Korean female volunteers in good health participated in this experiment. Three doctors of Oriental medicine classified them into 4 groups based on qi-blood and deficiency-excess concept(qi-deficiency; qi-excess: qi-stagnation: blood-deficiency: blood-excess: static-blood). Volunteers were assessed with non-invasive skin measuring devices. And we analyzed the correlation of skin physiological parameters with vital conditions: moisture, sebum and elasticity. Measurement moisture and sebum of facial skin tended to deacease only in static blood group.