Identification of Plant Extracts that Inhibit Cellular Senescence in Human Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell

Yang, Hyo-Hyun,Jung, Bo-Chan,Kim, Jae-Ryong The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.5

To identify plant extracts capable of inhibiting cellular senescence, the effects of plant extracts on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence in human fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells were investigated. After adriamcyin treatment, the effects of plant extracts on cellular senescence were evaluated by measuring senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity of the cells. Among 799 plant extracts, those from Rhei Rhizoma, Cirsii Radix, and Plantagnis Semen repressed adriamycin-induced cellular senescence in fibroblasts. Extracts of Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus were effective in endothelial cells. Extracts of Euonymi Lignum Suberalatum, Salicis Radicis Cortex, Polygoni aviculari Herba, and Chaenomelis langenariae Radix reduced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells. These results suggested the effectiveness of plant extracts in reducing cellular senescence of human cells. These plant extracts could be used to develop dietary supplements or cosmetics for modulating tissue aging or aging-associated diseases.

Transcriptome-wide characterization of the WRKY family genes in Lonicera macranthoides and the role of LmWRKY16 in plant senescence

Cao Zhengyan,Wu Peiyin,Gao Hongmei,Xia Ning,Jiang Ying,Tang Ning,Liu Guohua,Chen Zexiong 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.2

Background: Lonicera macranthoides is an important woody plant with high medicinal values widely cultivated in southern China. WRKY, one of the largest transcription factor families, participates in plant development, senescence, and stress responses. However, a comprehensive study of the WRKY family in L. macranthoides hasn't been reported previously. Objective: To establish an extensive overview of the WRKY family in L. macranthoides and identify senescence-responsive members of LmWRKYs. Methods: RNA-Seq and phylogenetic analysis were employed to identify the LmWRKYs and their evolutionary relationships. Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) and transgenic technology was utilized to investigate the roles of LmWRKYs in response to developmental-, cold-, and ethylene-induced senescence. Results: A total of 61 LmWRKY genes with a highly conserved motif WRKYGQK were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of LmWRKYs together with their orthologs from Arabidopsis classified them into three groups, with the number of 15, 39, and 7, respectively. 17 LmWRKYs were identified to be differentially expressed between young and aging leaves by RNA-Seq. Further qRT-PCR analysis showed 15 and 5 LmWRKY genes were significantly induced responding to tissue senescence in leaves and stems, respectively. What's more, five LmWRKYs, including LmWRKY4, LmWRKY5, LmWRKY6, LmWRKY11, and LmWRKY16 were dramatically upregulated under cold and ethylene treatment in both leaves and stems, indicating their involvements commonly in developmental- and stress-induced senescence. In addition, function analysis revealed LmWRKY16, a homolog of AtWRKY75, can accelerate plant senescence, as evidenced by leaf yellowing during reproductive growth in LmWRKY16-overexpressing tobaccos. Conclusion: The results lay the foundation for molecular characterization of LmWRKYs in plant senescence.

Response to Plant Hormones of Senescence-related Genes for Cucumis sativus L. in Cotyledon Development

Hyeon Jeong Cha(차현정),Dae-Jae Kim(김대재) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.8

본 연구는 발달중인 오이 떡잎에 식물호르몬을 처리하여 나타나는 노쇠화 관련 유전자들(SAG)의 유전자 발현반응을 탐구하기 위하여 수행되었다. 따라서 선별된 오이의 노쇠화 관련 유전자들에 대하여 그들의 유전자 발현반응을 특정하기 위하여 역전사-중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)을 통하여 조사되었다. 파종 후 14일 된 오이의 떡잎을 절취한 후 100 μM IAA또는 zeatin 용액 위에 두고 빛이 있거나 없는 조건에서 4일 째 까지 처리하였다. 떡잎은 2일 간격으로 회수하여 총RNA추출과 RT-PCR의 시료로 사용하였다. RT-PCR 결과에 따르면 몇몇 오이의 SAG 전사체들은 처리기간 동안에 상당한 변화를 나타냈다. 에틸렌 반응 실험에서는 처리 1일 후 반응을 나타낸 PCK, SAG 158과 SAG 288을 제외한 대부분의 오이 SAGs는 즉각 반응을 보이지 않았으나 ICL과 SAG 281은 10일 처리 후 노란 떡잎에서 강한 반응을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과들은 몇몇 오이의 SAGs가 외부적 자극에 대하여 영양 결핍이나 노쇠화 반응을 나타냄을 의미한다. 떡잎의 발달 동안에 이와 같은 노쇠화 유도 반응은 기관의 노쇠화에서 SAGs의 대사적 역할과 기능을 이해 할 수 있는 정보를 제공한다. This study was carried out to discover the response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) senescence- associated genes (SAGs) to several plant hormones in detached and developing cotyledon. Accordingly, a collection of cucumber SAGs were examined to characterize their gene expression response through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Cotyledons were excised at day 14 after seed sowing from plantlets, then incubated in 100 μM each of IAA or zeatin solution for up to 4 days in light and darkness. They were collected at 2-day intervals and used for total RNA extraction and subjected to RT-PCR. Gene expression levels of several cucumber SAGs were significantly changed during the incubation period. More than five cucumber SAGs involving SAG 60 responded to the IAA and zeatin treatment. In the ethylene response study, cotyledons were exposed up to 10 days by ethylene gas. Most of the cucumber SAGs did not show immediate response to ethylene in green cotyledon. The exceptions were PCK, SAG 158, and SAG 288 genes, which responded after 1 day of exposure to green cotyledon, while ICL and SAG 281 revealed strong responses after 10 days of being exposed to yellowing cotyledon. These results suggest that several cucumber SAGs react actively in response to starvation or senescence against exogenously applied stimulus. This induced senescence response is able to understand the SAGs role in lipids and amino acids metabolism partly and function in organ senescence during development.

Biosynthesis, physiology, and functions of hydroxycinnamic acid amides in plants

Donah Mary Macoy,김외연,이상열,김민갑 한국식물생명공학회 2015 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.9 No.5

The study of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) which are a group of secondary metabolites has been an interesting one and has become one of the important researches at present. Accumulation of several plant amides was detected in various plants, which play important role in plant growth and development. This paper aims to review the biosynthesis, physiology, and functions of HCAA accumulation in plants during plant growth and development as well as in response to senescence and drought stress. HCAAs are secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine pathway. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl) transferase (THT) and tyrosine decarboxylase (TyDC) are essential enzymes for HCAA biosynthesis. HCAAs contribute to many developmental processes as well as plant responses against biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, there is a need to specifically investigate the role of many HCAAs in view of plant molecular biology since it is still not fully conceptualized and explained at present.

Bioactive Materials : Identification of Plant Extracts that Inhibit Cellular Senescence in Human Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Hyo Hyun Yang,Bo Chan Jung,Jae Ryong Kim 한국응용생명화학회 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.5

To identify plant extracts capable of inhibiting cellular senescence, the effects of plant extracts on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence in human fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells were inves

발근 접삽묘의 정식시 사이토키닌 처리가 절화장미의 초기 생장과 수량에 미치는 영향

Yoo Gyeong Park,Byoung Ryong Jeong 한국화훼산업육성협회 2012 화훼연구 Vol.20 No.2

식물의 노화를 지연시킨다고 알려져 있는 사이토키 닌을 정식시 접삽묘에 처리하여 국내 육성 스프레이 절화장미 ‘New Man’과 ‘New Lady’의 이후 생장과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 본 연구를 수행하였 다. 발근한 장미 접삽묘에 무처리(대조구), kinetin 10 mg·L-1 또는 BA 50 mg·L-1를 엽면살포(신초처리 ) 또는 관주(뿌리처리) 처리한 후, 암면 슬래브에 즉시 (0일) 또는 처리 7일 후(7일)에 정식하여 이후의 생장 을 비교하였다. ‘New Man’의 정식 후 초기 신초장은 kinetin 또는 BA를 엽면살포 또는 관주 처리하여 0 또는 7일 후 정식했을 때 무처리에 비해 약간 촉진되 었으나 ‘New Lady’의 경우 이러한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 사이토키닌을 엽면살포 또는 관주 처리 하여도 두 품종 모두의 최초 3회 수확시까지의 절화 수량은 영향을 받지 않았다. 무처리 0일 정식구는 무 처리 7일 정식구의 식물에 비해 최초 3회 수확시까지 의 절화 수량이 우수하였다. 이와 같이 발근한 접삽묘 의 정식시 사이토키닌을 지상부나 뿌리에 처리하여도 이후의 수량성에는 그 효과가 나타나지 않았으므로 ‘New Man’과 ‘New Lady’의 접삽묘에는 사이토키닌을 처리할 필요가 없다는 결론이다. 또한 발근한 접삽묘의 뿌리가 노화하는 것을 방지하기 위해 가능한 빨리 발근 된 식물을 정식하는 것이 좋다고 판단된다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cytokinins, known to have an effect on the delay of senescence in the plant, applied either to the shoot or the roots at transplanting on growth and early yield of stenting-propagated spray cut rose (Rosa hybrida Hort.) ‘New Man’ and ‘New Lady’ bred in Korea. Rooted plants, either not treated (control) or treated by foliar-spray (shoot treatment) or drench (root treatment) with 10 mg·L-1 kinetin or 50 mg·L-1 BA, were transplanted to rockwool slabs at 0 or 7 days after the treatment. Shoot length at the early stage of cultivation of ‘New Man’ but not ‘New Lady’ which was transplanted either at 0 or 7 days after treatment was slightly promoted in both foliar-spray and drench treatments of kinetin or BA. However, total cut flower yield in the first three harvests of both cultivars were not affected by either foliar-spray or drench treatment of either kinetin or BA. In the control treatment, total cut flower yield in the first three harvests of the plants transplanted at 0 day was greater than those transplanted at 7 days. These results suggested that stenting-propagated ‘New Man’ and ‘New Lady’ do not need any exogenous application of cytokinins. It is rather recommended that propagated plants are transplanted as soon as possible to avoid any senescence of the root.

Growth and Early Yield of Stenting-Propagated Domestic Roses Are Not Affected by Cytokinins Applied at Transplanting

박유경,정병룡 한국화훼학회 2012 화훼연구 Vol.20 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cytokinins, known to have an effect on the delay of senescence in the plant, applied either to the shoot or the roots at transplanting on growth and early yield of stenting-propagated spray cut rose (Rosa hybrida Hort.) ‘New Man’ and ‘New Lady’ bred in Korea. Rooted plants, either not treated (control) or treated by foliar-spray (shoot treatment) or drench (root treatment)with 10 mg·L^-1 kinetin or 50 mg·L^-1 BA, were transplanted to rockwool slabs at 0 or 7 days after the treatment. Shoot length at the early stage of cultivation of ‘New Man’ but not ‘New Lady’ which was transplanted either at 0 or 7 days after treatment was slightly promoted in both foliar-spray and drench treatments of kinetin or BA. However, total cut flower yield in the first three harvests of both cultivars were not affected by either foliar-spray or drench treatment of either kinetin or BA. In the control treatment, total cut flower yield in the first three harvests of the plants transplanted at 0 day was greater than those transplanted at 7 days. These results suggested that stenting-propagated ‘New Man’ and ‘New Lady’ do not need any exogenous application of cytokinins. It is rather recommended that propagated plants are transplanted as soon as possible to avoid any senescence of the root.

Effect of Pulse Treatment with Sucrose, Exogenous Benzyl Adenine and Gibberellic Acid on Vase Life of Cut Rose ‘Red One’

Mahdiyeh Gholami,Majid Rahemi,Somayeh Rastegar 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.5

Effects of postharvest application of two plant growth regulators viz., benzyladenine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA_3)with sucrose in the pulse solution on the vase life of roses ‘Red One’ were investigated. Results show a maximum gain in fresh weight (18.01%) in the cut roses in the treatment with a 20 mg・L^(-1) GA_3 + 100 g・L^(-1) sucrose pulse solution. In contrast to the change in fresh weight, treatments of 10 or 20 mg・L^(-1) BA and the control recorded the maximum water uptake. A pulse solution of 10 or 20 mg・L^(-1) GA_3 + 100 g・L^(-1) sucrose or 10 mg・L^(-1) BA+ 10 mg・L^(-1) GA_3 + 100 g・L^(-1) sucrose significantly increased vase life of cut roses than the control. Treatments of 100 g・L^(-1) sucrose, control, 10 mg・L^(-1) GA, 10 or 20 mg・L^(-1) BA + 100 g・L^(-1) sucrose recorded higher petal tissue electrolyte leakage and decrease in vase life. Pulsing with a solution of sucrose at lower concentrations along with GA_3 (10 mg・L^(-1)) was promising in increasing vase life of cut roses ‘Red One’.

The Effects of Two Preservatives on Peroxidase Activity and Total Protein Content in Strelitzia reginae during Cold Storage

Marcos R da S Vieira,Luiz G M Pessoa,Walter S E Junior,Ygor H Leal,Luzia F da Silva,Rafael C Silva,Eduardo S dos Santos,Thialla L Amorim,Damina C de Medeiros 한국원예학회 2016 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.57 No.2

This study aimed to assess changes in peroxidase activity and total protein content of cut flowers of Strelitzia reginae that were treated with the chemical preservatives 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) or chlorine during cold storage. The bases of the cut flowers were immersed in 1.5 L of tap water with 48 h pulsing treatments (a control with no chemical preservatives (0 mg·L-1, 100 mg·L-1 chlorine, 250 mg·L-1 8-HQC or 500 mg·L-1 8-HQC) during cold storage at 10.5°C and 90% relative humidity. The solutions were then replaced with tap water and the cut flowers remained in cold storage for 12 days. For biochemical characterization of peroxidase activity and total protein content, tissue samples (sepals, petals, stems, and bracts) were collected and analyzed at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days after treatment. There was an increase in peroxidase activity in petals, stems, and bracts and a decrease in total protein content, regardless of the treatment used. In this experiment, therefore, differences in peroxidase activity and total protein content due to treatments with 8-HQC or chlorine were not identified.