유산양 체세포를 이용한 돼지 난자의 이종간 핵이식 후 배발달에 관한 연구

장석민,나루세겐지,신영민,박창식,진동일 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental ability of interspecies cloned embryos after nuclear transfer of goat fetal fibroblast cells into porcien cocytes. Recipient porcine anc goat oocytes were obtained from slaughterhouse and matured III vitro according to established protocols Enucleation was accomplished by aspirating the first polar body and cytoplasm and a single doner cell was individually microinjected into vitelline space of the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed oocytes were electrically fused WIth O.3M mannitol fusion medium. After electro-fusion, interspecies reconstituted embryos were cultured in PZM-3 for 7 days. In porcine interspecies nuclear transfer With goat fetal fibroblast cells, the cleavage rate of reconstituted ernbryos were 58.9% which was no significant different from that in porcine nuclear transfer embryos (67.4%). However, the developmental rate into blastocyst stage was 5.4% in interspecies nuclear transfer which was significantly lower than that in porcine intraspecies nuclear transfer (13.6%). When the developmental ability of porcine interspecies nuclear transfer with goat cells was compared with goal intraspecies nuclear transfer. the cleavage rate of embryos were 59.2% and the developmental rate into morular and blastocyst stage was 13.6% in intespecies nuclear transfer which were significantly lower than those in intraspecies nuclear transfer embryos. This result indicated that porcine interspecies nuclear transfer with goat fetal fibrobiast cells showed the developmental potential in vitro with lower cleavage and developmental rate compared with intraspecies nuclear transfer.

유산양 체세포를 이용한 돼지 난자의 이종간 핵이식후 배발달에 관한 연구

장석민,나루세겐지,신영민,박창식,진동일 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2006 농업과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental ability of interspecies cloned embryos after nuclear transfer of goat fetal fibroblast cells into porcien oocytes. Recipient porcine and goat oocytes were obtained from slaughterhouse and matured in vitro according to established protocols. Enucleation was accomplished by aspirating the first polar body and cytoplasm and a single donor cell was individually microinjected into vitelline space of the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed oocytes were electrically fused with 0.3M mannitol fusion medium. After electro-fusion, interspecies reconstituted embryos were cultured in PZM-3 for 7 days. In porcine interspecies nuclear transfer with goat fetal fibroblast cells, the cleavage rate of reconstituted embryos were 58.9% which was no significant different from that in porcine nuclear transfer embryos (67.4%). However, the developmental rate into blastocyst stage was 5.4% in interspecies nuclear transfer which was significantly lower than that in porcine intraspecies nuclear transfer (13.6%). When the developmental ability of porcine interspecies nuclear transfer with goat cells was compared with goat intraspecies nuclear transfer, the cleavage rate of embryos were 59.2% and the developmental rate into morular and blastocyst stage was 13.6% in interspecies nuclear transfer which were significantly lower than those in intraspecies nuclear transfer embryos. This result indicated that porcine interspecies nuclear transfer with goat fetal fibroblast cells showed the developmental potential in vitro with lower cleavage and developmental rate compared with intraspecies nuclear transfer.

An Evaluation of Transfer of Training Effects on Nuclear Power Plant MCR Operators

Jung Ho Kim,Seong Nam Byun 대한인간공학회 2013 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study sets factors from previous research known to impact transfer effects as the independent variables, and examines their relationship with the dependent variables, near transfer effects and far transfer effects. Background: Transfer of Training refers to the application of what learners acquire knowledge and skills in training programs to their job. The ultimate goal of training is to apply what employees learn in training sessions to their workplace. In this sense, transfer of training has been a vital concern for training effectiveness. For training to be effective, trainees(learners) should be able to use what they learn in training program back on the job. Method: For this research purpose, this study conducted a survey on 170 nuclear operators in nuclear education and training center. Of these, survey result from the 167 recruits were sampled. Theoretical model of this study is based on Holton & Baldwin"s(2003) distance model of transfer effects. This study sets transfer effects(near transfer, far transfer) as the main dependent variables. Meanwhile, the independent variables are trainee characteristics, training characteristics, organizational transfer climate. Each independent variable has subordinate variables. Subordinate variables of trainee characteristics are self-efficacy, motivation to learn, motivation to transfer and ability to transfer. Subordinate variables of training characteristics are training contents, ability of trainers, training design, training climate. The last Subordinate variables of organizational transfer climate are support of supervisors, support of peer, support of organization. Conclusion: As a analysis result, trainee characteristics appeared to be in effect only significant influence near far transfer of training, the effect of the far transfer of training, there is no significant. In addition, the training characteristics appeared to be having a significant influence on near and far transfer effects. Organizational transfer climate appeared to be having a significant influence on near and far transfer effects. Finally, near transfer effect appeared to be having a significant influence on far transfer effects. Application: Results of this analysis in the study to training organization and training characteristics of the transition environment effects on nuclear power institutions and operators training organization having a significant impact that says. The transfer of knowledge and technology, as well as that can be applied to a new situation in terms of education and training are important characteristics.

A Study on the Comparison of Import and Export Procedures of Items Subject to Nuclear Cooperation Agreement Between the United States, Canada and Australia

Seunghyo Yang 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

The Nuclear Safety Act defines items defined in nuclear cooperation agreements with each country as internationally regulated materials and requires that import and export procedures be implemented according to each agreement. In particular, the US, Canada, and Australia, which are major nuclear power suppliers, describe detailed procedures related to imports and exports in administrative agreements attached to the agreement. This paper compares and analyzes the import and export procedures of agreed items in the three major countries and proposes procedures and precautions that nuclear companies should follow for smooth import and export. The import/export procedure, according to the annexed administrative agreement, is divided mainly into Direct-transfer, Indirect-transfer, and Re-transfer. Direct transfer refers to direct import and export between countries that have signed an agreement. The four-step process of prior notice, written confirmation, shipment notice, and receipt confirmation is commonly required for direct transfer. However, in the case of Canada, if the previously related information is the same, the shipping notification and receipt confirmation procedure may be omitted. Australia only defines items included in the notification without a separate form in the administrative agreement. Indirect transfer means transferring items originating from the other two countries that signed the agreement through a third country. All three countries stipulate that item transferred by indirect transfer are also subject to the agreement, and Canada stipulates separate advance notifications and shipping notifications for indirect transfer. Australia manages indirect transfers by including information from third countries in the exchange-related information between the two countries. The US does not have a specific procedure for indirect transfer, but it is presumed that it was omitted because it was difficult to confirm the time of shipment when the US exports through a third country. Re-transfer is a procedure to obtain consent from the original exporting country in advance when exporting items held in Korea to a third country. There are two types of consent based on re-transfer, the long-term consent method, and the individual case-by-case method. Long-term consent is a method of long-term consent for re-transfer to an agreed-upon country by agreeing in advance on a list of countries where re-transfer is possible. In the long term, the procedure will be reflected in domestic laws in detail and managed through an IT-based management system so that operators can smoothly implement such complex import and export procedures.

A Study on Urgent Technology Transfer System for the License on Technology Export of Nuclear Plant and Current Issues

Su-Hyeon Kim,Han-Sol Ko 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

The License on Technology Export of Nuclear Plant is a system that permits the export of strategic technologies for large-scale NPP projects collectively during the project period. So, an issuance of the export license could be omitted for each transfer of technology, but Post Strategic Items Confirmation must be performed before the transfer as a follow-up obligation. Sometimes, transfers of technology have been urgently required during the project. As Post Strategic Items Confirmation process takes up to 15 working days, it may be difficult to respond to urgent situations timely, which may cause setbacks on the project. Therefore, Urgent Technology Transfer System, which allows to transfer technology without prior Post Strategic Items Confirmation, was established to reduce a burden on licensee and improve the efficiency of regulation. This system applies only to the License on Technology Export of Nuclear Plant. In other words, the technology transferred through Urgent Technology Transfer System (hereinafter referred as Urgent Transfer Technology) does not pose any problem with regard to export control because it is already licensed. In addition, the Urgent Transfer Technology should be considered as a strategic technology until Post Strategic Items Confirmation, which means that the Urgent Transfer Technology is more strictly controlled than the generally transferred technology. Also, the Urgent Technology Transfer System does not apply to intangible technology transfers such as technical support through personnel dispatch. The system could be only used in specific conditions which are stipulated for each licensed project in advance in order to prevent indiscriminate abuse of the system by licensee. Licensees are required to report quarterly the stipulated condition corresponding to each Urgent Technology Transfer case, and it would be checked through post-site inspection whether the actual reason for the transfer meets the consulted condition. Moreover, the deadline of application on Post Strategic Items Confirmation after the Urgent Technology Transfer is stipulated for licensee so as not to omit the classification procedure. This Urgent Technology Transfer System does not apply to dual-use items. If the Urgent Transfer Technology is classified as a non-Trigger List Item through the Post Strategic Items Confirmation, it is outside the scope of the NSSC’s export license. In this case, the technology may be subject to an export license of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE). However, if the technology is classified to be a dual-use item after Urgent Technology Transfer, it may result in unauthorized transfer because it has already been transferred. Licensee must apply to classification of MOTIE before Urgent Technology Transfer if the technology being transferred may be related with Dual-use Items. It is easy for licensee to overlook due to the low awareness about this system. Therefore, outreach activities are necessary to raise licensee’s awareness by explaining the Urgent Technology Transfer System and current issues in detail. Consultation with MOTIE may be needed for the improvement on issues.

Polscope-Assisted Enucleation for Nuclear Transfer in Mice

Won Ji Young,Kang Jee Hyun,Shim Hosup 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2004 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.28 No.4

Efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer was investigated in mice. First, oocyte activation was induced by SrCl₂, and the rate of development was compared with embryos from normal fertilization. Although more than one half of SrCl₂-treated oocytes developed to blastocysts (146/262, 55.7%), the rate of blastocyst formation was significantly lower than normal fertilization controls (59/79, 74.6%). Second, enucleation of oocytes was performed using Polscope that enables non-invasive visualization of metaphase spindles. Such approach could not only avoid damage of oocytes during an exposure to UV light often employed in conventional enucleation procedures, but could also assure the removal of nuclei from all oocytes operated because of monitoring the location of spindles during an entire process of enucleation. Morphologically normal blastocysts were obtained from the transfer of cumulus cell nuclei into enucleated oocytes. However, the rate of development into the blastocyst stage was still low (4/93, 4.3%). This reflects that the nuclear transfer procedure used in this study was not sufficiently optimized, and other factors may also impact greatly the efficiency of nuclear transfer. Including an induction of oocyte activation and method of enucleation tested in this study, a lot more elements are remained to be optimized to improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer in mice.

Influences of somatic donor cell sex on in vitro and in vivo embryo development following somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs

유재규,김병우,박미룽,권덕남,최윤정,신택순,조병욱,서자겸,김진회,조성근 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.4

Objective: The present study investigates pre- and post-implantation developmental competence of nuclear-transferred porcine embryos derived from male and female fetal fibroblasts. Methods: Male and female fetal fibroblasts were transferred to in vitro-matured enucleated oocytes and in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of reconstructed embryos was investigated. And, a total of 6,789 female fibroblast nuclear-transferred embryos were surgically transferred into 41 surrogate gilts and 4,746 male fibroblast nuclear-transferred embryos were surgically transferred into 25 surrogate gilts. Results: The competence to develop into blastocysts was not significantly different between the sexes. The mean cell number of female and male cloned blastocysts obtained by in vivo culture (143.8±10.5 to 159.2±14.8) was higher than that of in vitro culture of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) groups (31.4±8.3 to 33.4±11.1). After embryo transfer, 5 pregnant gilts from each treatment delivered 15 female and 22 male piglets. The average birth weight of the cloned piglets, gestation length, and the postnatal survival rates were not significantly different (p<0.05) between sexes. Conclusion: The present study found that the sex difference of the nuclear donor does not affect the developmental rate of porcine SCNT embryos. Furthermore, postnatal survivability of the cloned piglets was not affected by the sex of the donor cell.

핵 교리 진화의 공통 경로와 최근 북한의 핵 확전 개념

황일도 세종연구소 2021 국가전략 Vol.27 No.3

By way of the declaration of tactical nuclear development at the 8th Party Congress and the continuing short-range missile modernization program, the prediction that North Korea would use its nuclear weapons as a war-fighting capability in the theater of Korean Peninsula is becoming a palpable reality. This evolution of nuclear doctrine replicates the common pattern of the denial deterrence & first use doctrine adopted by several nuclear-armed states, which face potential enemies on land borders and whose conventional capabilities are inferior to the opponents. These precedent countries have sought the possibility to countervail conventional inferiority by lowering the threshold between conventional warfare and tactical nuclear exchange as much as possible, while avoiding strategic nuclear retaliation even after their first use of tactical nuclear weapons. As it seems salient that the North Korea’s nuclear escalation concept is also changing in a similar orientation, the ROK-US alliance's deterrence strategy needs to be focused on how to stymie the expectation of Pyongyang that the stages of tactical nuclear use and strategic nuclear use could be insulated, on the bedrock of sophisticated understanding of the country's escalation notion. 8차 당대회에서의 전술핵 개발 선언과 계속되는 단거리미사일 현대화 프로그램을 통해 북한이 핵무기를 한반도 전구 내에서의 실전전력(war-fighting capability)으로 활용하려 할 것이라는 예측이 현실화되고 있다. 기존의 대미 응징억제 교리에 더해진 이러한 핵 교리 진화는 ▵잠재적국과 국경을 마주하고 있고 ▵해당 잠재적국에 비해 재래식 전력이 열세였던 핵무장 국가들이 예외 없이 택했던 거부억제-핵선제사용 교리의 공통적 패턴을 재현하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이들 선행사례 국가들은 재래식 교전과 전술핵 교전 사이의 문턱(threshold)을 최대한 낮춤으로써 재래식 열세를 상쇄하는 한편, 전술핵 사용 이후에도 전략핵 응징보복을 피할 수 있는 가능성을 모색해 왔다. 북한의 핵 확전 개념 역시 유사한 방향으로 변화하고 있다고 판단되는 바, 한미연합측의 억제 전략은 북측 확전 개념에 대한 정교한 인식을 바탕으로 전술핵과 전략핵 교전 단계가 분리될 수 있을 것이라는 평양의 기대를 효과적으로 저지하는데 집중될 필요가 있다.

Sperm Cytosolic Factor Activation for Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

신태영 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.3

In this study I report that in vitro development rates of bovine nuclear transfer embryos activated either with boar sperm cytosolic factor (SCF) or with ionomycin followed by cycloheximide (CHX) and subsequent in vivo developmental rates after embryo transfer are related to blastocyst quality as evaluated by apoptosis analysis. SCF was extracted from porcine semen then purified for post-activation injection after nuclear transfer. The optimal timing for SCF injection was determined to be at least 22 h post-IVM for parthenogenetic activation of bovine oocytes. A total of 364 oocytes were successfully enucleated and 268 (73.6%) fused and were injected with SCF. The survival rate of fused and injected embryos was 109/113 (96.5%) after 2 h. The cleavage rates of nuclear transfer embryos after 3 d of culture in the ionomycin/CHX treated group were significantly higher than those of the SCF-activated group (93.3% vs. 81.7%, p<0.01, respectively). However, at 7 d and 9 d there was no significant difference between the total developmental rates to blastocyst for either treatment group. Total blastocyst cell numbers were also not significantly different between the two activation treatments (ionomycin/CHX: 149.5 ± 7.7 vs. SCF: 139.3 ± 4.4 cells). In contrast, the apoptotic levels in the SCF blastocysts were higher than those produced after the chemical treatment (28.2 ± 5.1% vs. 8.8 ± 0.6%, respectively). A total of 18 expanded or hatching blastocysts was transferred to nine synchronized recipients in each activation group; 5/9 (55.5%) and 2/9 (22.2%) were pregnant at 40 d in the ionomycin/ CHX treatment and SCF activated group, respectively. However, only one went to term in the ionomycin/CHX treatment while none of the pregnancies from the SCF group were maintained by 90 d. In conclusion, these results suggest that SCF derived from different species is a limited activator to be used for activation after bovine nuclear transfer in lieu of a chemical activation protocol.

Numerical investigation of film boiling heat transfer on the horizontal surface in an oscillating system with low frequencies

An, Young Seock,Kim, Byoung Jae Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.5

Film boiling is of great importance in nuclear safety as it directly influences the integrity of nuclear fuel in case of accidents involving loss of coolant. Recently, nuclear power plant safety under earthquake conditions has received much attention. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no existing studies reporting film boiling in an oscillating system. Most previous studies for film boiling were performed on stationary systems. In this study, numerical simulations were performed for saturated film boiling of water on a horizontal surface under low frequencies to investigate the effect of system oscillation on film boiling heat transfer. A coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method was used to track the interface between the vapor and liquid phases. With a fixed oscillation amplitude, overall, heat transfer decreases with oscillation frequency. However, there is a frequency region in which heat transfer remains nearly constant. This lock-on phenomenon occurs when the oscillation frequency is near the natural bubble release frequency. With a fixed oscillation frequency, heat transfer decreases with oscillation amplitude. With a fixed maximum amplitude of the additional gravity, heat transfer is affected little by the combination of oscillation amplitude and frequency.