연령 증가에 따른 성인 여성의 근력과 체격, 단백질 영양 및 운동습관과의 관계

이옥희 ( Lee Og Hui ) 한국운동영양학회 2003 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.7 No.2

Reduction of muscle mass with ageing, which is known as sarcopenia, results in a reduced muscular strength. Muscle strength decline causes a rapid decline of physical function and reduction of energy expenditure with ageing. However, little reports investigated the change of muscular strength in Korean adult females by life cycles and its association with multi-facts. In this study, the muscle strength were measured in young adult, middle-aged and elderly, respectively, and its association with protein nutritional state, exercise habits, and anthropometric condition. As muscular strength indicators, the hand grip strength and back muscle strength were used. The proportion of low muscle strength group, whose hand grip strength were under 15 kg, was the highest in the elderly and the lowest in the middle-age. Therefore, the mean hand grasping power and back muscular strength were decreased in the elderly. The hand grip strength showed positive associations with height, fat-free mass, but negative correlations with %body fat, waist circumference, WHR. Back muscular strength showed positive correlations with heightm, fat-free mass, and TSF, but negative correlation with %bofy fat, WHR. The hand grip and back muscular strength showed also positive correlations with serum albumin level and protein intake, respectively. No correlation could be found between muscular strength and exercise habits. The hand grasping power can be explained to about 30.4% by age, fat-free mass, and exercise time The fat-free mass and protein intake explained the variances of the back muscular strength by 18.9%. This study indicated that age, protein nutritional state, fat-free mass, and exercise can affect the muscular strength in healthy sedentary adult females.

편측(片側) 근력운동이 수영기록향상에 미치는 영향

서종연(Seo Jong-Yeon),이광식(Lee Kwang-Sik),신호수(Shin Ho-Su) 한국체육과학회 2005 한국체육과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine how unilateral muscular training affects the record improvement. Subjects were 14 female swimmers in middle school, they had 3 year career at least. The experimental group was composed of 7 swimmers who have trained unilateral muscular training in 8 weeks, and the control group was composed of 7 swimmers who have trained ordinary muscular training in 8 weeks. By investigating the change of muscular strength, the difference between right and left ratio of muscular strength, it was examined whether unilateral muscular training exercised a good effect on the record improvement. The results were as followed; First, after training in 8 weeks, the improvement of muscular strength was founded in both groups. For control group, the significant improvement was founded in right and left trunk, trunk extensor, push and pull muscular strength. For experimental group, the significant improvement was founded in right and left trunk, trunk flexor, push, and right and left leg, muscular strength. Second, after training in 8 weeks, the overall difference of ratio between right and left muscular strength was not significant. But the difference of ratio between right arid left muscular strength in trunk and leg was decreased. Third, after training in 8 weeks, both groups were improved in reducing record of 200m individual medley. The conclusion of the study was that if the difference of ratio between right and left muscular strength was decreased through muscular training, the record of swimming was improved.

여대생의 심폐기능과 근력 및 골밀도의 관련성

양윤권(Yang, Yoon-Kwon) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examines correlation between Cardiorespiratory function(VO₂max, VEmax, REF, AT), Muscular Strength(Grip strength, Back strength, Knee strength) and Bone Mineral Density(Arm, Leg Trunk, Ribs, Pelvis, Spine, Thigh, Total BMD) of female college students. The subjects of this study were 43 normal healthy female and all subjects were involved in each test. The Cardiorespiratory function were VO₂max, VEmax, RER and AT. The Muscular Strength were Grip strength, Back strength and Knee strength. The Body Mineral Density was measured by DEXA (PRODIGY, U.S.A). The result was as follows. VO₂max and AT in Cardiorespiratory function of female college students were positively correlation with BMD(Leg, Pelvis, Thigh), but RER was negatively correlation. Grip strength, Back strength and Knee strength in Muscular strength factor of female college students were positively correlation with BMD(Arm, Leg, Trunk, Ribs, Thigh, Total BMD). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that Cardiorespiratory function and Muscular strength have significant relationship with total BMDㆍpartial BMD.

현장연구 : 코어운동을 병행한 스프린트와 점프 트레이닝이 중학교 야구선수의 근력, 근파워 및 배트 스윙 속도에 미치는 영향

조성현 ( Sung Hyun Cho ),김광준 ( Kwang Jun Kim ),송홍선 ( Hong Sun Song ),문제헌 ( Je Heon Moon ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 중학생 야구선수(실험집단 10명, 통제집단 10명)를 대상으로 코어운동을 병행한 스프린트 및 점프 트레이닝이 근력과 근파워 및 배트 스윙 속도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 트레이닝에 따른 근력, 근파워의 변화가 배트 스윙 속도의 변화와 상관관계가 있는지를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 실험집단은 코어운동을 병행한 스프린트 및 점프 트레이닝을 8주, 주 2-5회, 회당 약 40-60분 간 실시하였으며, 통제집단은 동일한 기간에 기존 전통적인 트레이닝(저항운동 및 인터벌 트레이닝)을 실시하였다. 두 집단 모두 트레이닝 전과 후 등속성 근력으로 각근력과 요부관절 근력을 측정하였고, 근파워는 윈게이트 테스트와 서전트 점프 및 제자리멀리뛰기를 측정하였으며, 배트 스윙 속도를 측정하였다. 트레이닝 후 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 우측 슬관절의 체중 당 최대 신전 근력( p=.042), 요부관절의 체중 당 최대 신전 근력( p=.049), 서전트 점프( p=.046) 그리고 배트 스윙 속도( p=.019)가 유의하게 개선되었다. 트레이닝 후 체중 당 요부 굴근( r=.713, p=.021)과 신근의 변화( r=.669, p=.034), 체중 당 최대파워의 변화( r=.678, p=.031) 그리고 서전트 점프의 변화( r=.651, p=.042)는 배트 스윙 속도의 변화와 유의한 정 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 코어운동을 병행한 스프린트 및 점프 트레이닝은 중학생 야구선수의 근력과 근파워를 향상시키며, 트레이닝에 따른 근력과 근파워의 향상은 배트 스윙 속도의 향상과 관련성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 추후 본 연구의 결과를 확인할 수 있는 후속 연구가 필요하겠다. We investigated the effects of sprint and jump training with core exercise on muscular strength, muscular power, and bat swing velocity in middle-school baseball players. Twenty middle-school baseball players participated in the study. The experimental group ( n=10) received a sprint and jump training with core exercise 2-5 times a week for 8 weeks and the control group ( n=10) received a traditional training with resistance and interval training 5 times a week for 8 weeks. We measured isokinetic muscular strength of knee and lumber as indexes of muscular strength. Muscular power was assessed by Wingate test, sergeant jump, and standing long jump. The bat swing velocity was also measured. After intervention period, peak torque % body weight of right knee extensor ( p=.042) and peak torque % body weight of lumbar extensor ( p=.049), sergeant jump ( p=.046), and bat swing velocity ( p=.019) were significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group. Also, there were a significantly positive association between change in peak torque % body weight of lumbar flexor ( r=.713, p=.021) and extensor ( r=.669, p=.034), peak power % body weight ( r=.678, p=.031), and a sergeant jump ( r=.651, p=.042) and change in bat swing velocity. These findings suggest that a sprint and jump training with core exercise may improve muscular strength, muscular power, and bat swing velocity. In addition, increased muscular strength and muscular power may improve bat swing velocity in middle-school baseball players. But additional research is needed to confirm this finding with a larger sample.

중·고등학교 야구선수의 타율과 체력요인과의 관계에 관한 연구

오덕자(Duk Ja Oh),박병주(Byung Ju Park) 한국체육교육학회 2003 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.7 No.4

This study researches on the relationship between batting average and physical strength factors. The subjects are 3 middle and 3 high schools` baseball in Busan who have had more than at 20 bats in the nationwide competitions April, 2001 through April, 2002. 27 middle and 27 high school players were chosen. The relationship between their batting average and physical strength factors, and the physical strength difference between higher and lower groups were compared and analysed, the results are as follows; 1. The higher groups` physical strengths are high than the lower ones in muscular strength, power, flexibility, agility, muscular endurance, equilibrium. 2. All the players` batting average is positively related to back strength, trunk extension, sargent jump, standing board jump, grip strength(right), grip strength(left), trunk flexion(p<.01) in order, while agility(side step), cardiovascular endurance(Harvard step), and equilibrium(Strait walking) have no meaningful relation. 3. In the middle school groups, the batting average is positively related to back strength, grip strength(left), sargent jump, grip strength(right), trunk flexion, trunk extension, standing board jump(P<.05, p<.01) in order, while agility(side step), cardiovascular endurance(Harvard step), and equilibrium(Strait walking) do not have meaningful relations statistically. 4. In the high school groups, the batting average is positively related to back strength, sargent jump, grip strength(right), grip strength9left), standing board jump, trunk flexion, and trunk extension(p<.05, p<.01) in order, while agility(side step), cardiovascular endurance(Harvard step), and equilibrium(Strait walking) do not have meaningful relations statistically.

노르딕 워킹이 퇴행성 무릎 관절염 노인여성의 근력과 유연성, 균형 및 통증에 미치는 영향

오유성,장우성,김지선 한국응용과학기술학회 2019 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구는 퇴행성 무릎 관절염을 가진 노인여성을 대상으로 12주간의 노르딕 워킹을 통해 신체 기능과 관절염 통증 정도의 개선에 어떠한 효과를 미치는지 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 퇴행성관절염으로 진단받은 노인여성 16명(나이: 73.00±3.70year, 신장: 154.30±4.07cm)을 대상으로 무선배정 된 노르딕 워킹 운동그룹(n=9)과 통제그룹(n=7)으로 나누었다. 운동 그룹은 노르딕 스틱을 이용하여 12주간 주 3회, 1회 30분 노르딕 워킹 운동을 실시하였고, 운동 강도는 HRR의 40-60%로 설정하였다. 통제그룹은 동일한 기간 동안 일상생활을 유지하도록 하였다. 종속변인으로 신체조성(체중, 체지방률, 근골격량)과 근력 과 유연성(상·하지 근력, 상·하지 유연성), 균형능력(정적균 형, 동적균형) 및 통증정도를 측정하였다. 이러한 지표들의 측정은 운동프로그램을 진행하기 전과 후로 나누어 2번 측정하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS-PC version 25.0을 이용하여 실험집단과 통계집단간의 생리학적 특성 비교를 위해 독립표본 t-test를 사용하였으며, 노르딕 워킹 운동그룹과 통제그룹의 그룹 간, 시기간의 변화를 알아보기 위해 2x2 반복측정 이원배치분산분석을 사용하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 12주간의 노르딕 워킹을 통해 신체조성 기능에서 체지방률은 운동 처치 후에 감소하는 결과가 나타났으며(p=.004), 집단 간과 시기 간의 상호작용에서도 감소하는 결과가 나타났다(p=.003). 골격근량은 운동처치 후에 증가하는 결과가 나타났으며(p=.018), 집단 간과 시기 간의 상호작용에서도 증가하는 결과가 나타났다(p=.005). 둘째, 근력과 유연성은 상지근력과 하지유연성에서 집단 간과 시기 간상호작용에서 증가하는 결과가 나타났으며(p=.009)(p=036), 하지근력에서는 운동집단과 통제집단 간 개선 효과가 나타났다(p=.006). 또한, 상지유연성은 운동처치 후에 증가하는 결과가 나타났다(p=.020). 셋째, 균형능력 요인은 정적균형에서 운동처치 후 개선 효과가 나타났으며(p=.016), 동적균형에서는 차이가 나타나 지 않았다(p>.05). 넷째, 통증정도는 운동처치 후 개선 효과가 나타났으며(p=.022), 운동집단과 통제집단 간에 개선 효과도 나타났다(p=.013). 결론적으로 12주간의 노르딕 워킹은 퇴행성 무릎 관절염을 가진 노인여성의 신체조성과 근력과 유연성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 노르딕 워킹은 퇴행성 무릎 관절염을 가진 노인여성 에게 신체조성과 안정성, 균형성을 높여 주였으며, 무릎 관절의 통증을 낮춰주어 재활 운동 기능 개선에 효과적인 운동방법이라고 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the 12-week Nordic walking can improve the physical function and arthritis pain of elderly women with osteoarthritis This study were divided into randomly assigned Nordic Walking Exercise Group (n=9) and Control Group (n=7) for 16 Elderly women diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (age: 73±3.79 year, height: 154.3±4.09 cm). The exercise group used Nordic sticks to carry out 30 minutes of Nordic walking exercise three times a week for 12 weeks, and the kinetic intensity was set at 40-60% of HRR. The control group maintained daily life for the same period. Body composition (weight, percentage body fat, skeletal muscle mass), muscular strength, Flexibility (muscular strength of upper and lower limbs, flexibility of upper and lower limbs), balance ability (static balance, dynamic balance) and pain level were measured as subordinate variables. These indicators were measured twice before and after the exercise program. The study shows that percentage body fat and skeletal muscle mass in the body composition function over 12 weeks of Nordic walking exercise have significant effects after the exercise than before (p=004)(p=.003), and it also shows significant interaction effects between the groups and timings(p=.018)(p=.005). In muscular strength, Flexibility factors, there were significant effects between the groups and timings in the upper limb muscular strength and the lower limb flexibility (p=.009)(p=.036), and a significant difference between the exercise group and the control group(p=.006) in the lower limb muscular strength. In addition, in the upper limb flexibility, there was a more significant difference after the exercise than before(p=.020). There were improvement effects after the exercise than before in the balance ability and the static balance(p=.016), but no difference in the dynamic balance(p>.05). In pain, there was a significant improvement after the exercise than before(p=.022), and a significant difference between the exercise group and the control group(p=.013). In conclusion, the 12-week Nordic walking exercise has positive effects on the body composition functions of the elderly women with Osteoarthritis, and has a positive effect on the improvement of upper limb muscular strength and lower limb flexibility in the health fitness factors. These effects are believed to have contributed effectively to the improvement of the level of pain by contributing to the improvement of physical and motor functions of the elderly women with Osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is considered that Nordic walking exercise, which enhances stability and balance of the patients with Osteoarthritis by using poles, is an effective exercise method for the improvement of the body and motor functions by lowering the pain of the joints and reducing the muscular strength and percentage body fat.

프로 · 아마추어 대학골프선수 간 요추부 등속성 근력 및 근 순발력에 관한 비교 연구

신동조(Shin, Dong-Jo),권태원(Kwon, Tae-Woon) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the difference in peak torque and peak torque per body weight of isokinetic muscular strength and isokinetic muscular power. Subjects were categorized into two groups: professional golfers(N=5) who are member’s of Korean Professional Golf Association, amateur golfers(N=5) who are member’s of Korean College Golf Federation. Each groups’ isokinetic muscular strength and muscular power of the truck was measured by a angle velocity of 60°/sec and 180°/sec either five time each. They were examined and compared with following conclusion: Firstly, there was no significant difference among two groups on the trunk’s peak torque by a angle velocity of 60°/sec which represent muscular strength. Secondly, there was no significant difference among two groups on the trunk’s peak torque by a angle velocity of 180°/sec which represent muscular power. Thirdly, there was a significant difference(p<.05)among two groups on the trunk’s peak torque per body weight by a angle velocity of 60°/sec which represent muscular strength. Lastly, there was a significant difference(p<.01)among two groups on the trunk’s peak torque per body weight by a angle velocity of 60°/sec which represent muscular power.

8주간의 비교적 빠른 각속도에 따른 등속성 운동 프로그램이 등속성 근력 향상에 미치는 효과

오승렬 ( Seung Lyul Oh ),오상덕 ( Sang Duk Oh ) 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of the study was to apply isokinetic exercise programs of 180deg/sec, 240deg/sec and 300deg/sec during 8-weeks by each group and to investigate test results of muscular strength before and after exercise and to verify effects of isokinetic exercise programs of quick angular velocity. The subjects were 30 college students who attended ``H`` University. The subjects were divided into three groups having each 10 students depending upon angular velocity. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements was used to investigate difference of isokinetic exercise effects between groups, and paired samples t-test was used to investigate significance of changes of knee joint muscular strength before and after isokinetic exercise of each group. The findings were as follow; Firstly, changes of muscular strength of knee joints had significant difference at both extensor and flexor before and after exercise that was variables of the group(p<.001). The muscular strength improvements of 180deg/sec, 240deg/sec and 300deg/sec group had no significant difference at both extensor and flexor. Interaction between subjects groups and within subjects conditions had no significant difference; Secondly, the muscular strength of knee joint was improved after isokinetic exercise of knee joint of each group: 180deg/sec group had significant increase of left-hand flexor (p<.05). 240deg/sec group had significant increase of right-hand extensor as well as left-hand extensor (p<.001, p<.01). 300deg/sec group had significant increase of both extensor and right-hand flexor (p<.05, p<.01, p<.01). In conclusion, isokinetic exercise program having quick velocity was partially effective to improve muscle strength, and 180deg/sec, 240deg/sec and 300deg/sec groups that had relatively high velocity had no significant difference. Therefore, not only low velocity isokinetic exercise but also high velocity isokinetic exercise should reorganize programs to make isokinetic exercise program for effective improvement of muscular strength.

30ㆍ40대 좌업 생활자의 운동실천 유무에 따른 신체구성 및 기초체력에 관한 비교 연구

남상남(Sang-nam Nam),정찬경(Chan-kyoung Jung) 한국생활환경학회 2003 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study is to present the importance to exercise of workers by measuring the body composition and the basic body strength of the staffs of a school of a sedentary work, comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard and studying the relation with the degree of exercise practice. The subjects participated in this study were selected the 47 men and 43 women of thirties, and the 52 men and 42 women of forties among the sedentary workers. I. The body composition. 1) The rate of the body fat were appeared high on both the exercise and the non-exercise group. 2) In the men of forties, all two groups were showed high as the results. 3) The exercise group was lowly but the non-exercise group was high on the rate of the body fat in the women of thirties 4) The rate of the body fat was high on the non-exercise group in the women of forties but the exercise group was not, as the results of comparing the men of thirties with the national body strength appraisal standard, 2. The basic body strength. 1) The grip In the case of the men of thirties, the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard were lowly on both the exercise group and the non-exercise group. In the case of the women of thirties, the results of comparing with one were high all two groups. Both the exercise group and the non-exercise were appeared lowly, in the men of forties, and also all ones were higher than the national body strength appraisal standard in the women of forties. 2) The abdominal muscular strength In the case of the men of thirties, the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard were high on the exercise group but the non-exercise group was lowly. Both the exercise group and the non-exercise were showed lowly In the women of thirties, as the results. The exercise group was high on the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard, but the non-exercise group was lowly in the men of forties. In the women of forties, all two groups were high. 3) Push-up In the case of the men of thirties, both the exercise group and the non-exercise were showed high, as the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard. All of two groups were high in the women of thirties. In the case of the men of forties, the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard were showed high on both the exercise group and the non-exercise, and then, all ones were high in the women of forties, too. 4) Side step On the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard In the men of thirties, the exercise group was high but the non-exercise was lowly. Both the exercise group and the non-exercise were showed lowly In the women of thirties, as the results. All two groups were showed lowly In the men of forties. In the case of the women of thirties, the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard were high on the exercise group but the non-exercise group was lowly. 5) Closing the eyes and standing with one foot As the results of comparing the men of thirties with the national body strength appraisal standard, the exercise group was high but the non-exercise group was lowly. Both the exercise group and the non-exercise were showed lowly In the women of thirties. In the case of the men of forties, the exercise group was high but the non￢exercise group was lowly. All two groups were showed high In the women of forties. 6) Sit-up In the case of the men of thirties, the results of comparing with the national body strength appraisal standard were high on the exercise group but the non-exercise group was lowly. In the women of thirties, the results of comparing with one were also high on the exercise group but the non-exercise group was lowly. All two groups were showed high In the men of forties, as the results. In the women of forties, both the exercise group and the non-exercise were showed h

대학 테니스 선수의 체력 및 등속성 근기능 분석 연구

오문균 한국생활환경학회 2008 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.15 No.4

This study was to evaluate the physical fitness and isokinetic muscular strength of university tennis players comparing to different exercise players. 10 male tennis players, 10 male volleyball players and 10 male handballl players those were engaged in H and S university were participated. Physical fitness was composed of grip strength, back strength, sit-up, vertical jump, close eyes foot balance and sit and reach. Cybex 770 was used to measure knee extension/flextion strength. Angle velocity was peak torque, %BW peak torque at 60o/sec, average power, %BW average power at 180o/sec and total work done at 240o?sec and exercise was repeated by 5, 10 and 30 times respectively. In grip strength and sit and reach there was no difference in the groups. However, the values of back strength, sit-up and vertical jump of tennis players were significantly lowest in the groups (p<0.05). In isokinetic muscular strength, all the values of tennis players such as peak torque(Nm) of right knee extension/flextion, and left knee extension/flextion at 60o/sec were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). And all the values of tennis players such as %BW peak torque (%) of right and left knee extension/flextion at 60?sec were only significantly lower at right than the other groups (p<0.05). In isokinetic muscular strength, all the values of tennis players such as average power(Watt), average power (%) of right and left knee extension/flextion at 180?sec were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). In isokinetic muscular strength, all the values of tennis players such as total work done of right and left knee extension/flextion at 240?sec were only significantly lower at flextion than the other groups (p<0.05). It means that the levels of physical fitness and isokinetic muscular strength were dependent on exercise pattern of players. However, the tennis players need more training to improve their fitness level in order to get better performance. Since there was no previous result to compare our data for university tennis players, further research on tennis players will be needed in the future.