고령자 주택개조 관련 제도 현황 분석

권오정(Kwon, Oh-Jung),김진영(Kim, Jin young),이용민(Lee, Yong min) 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.27 No.2

Implementing a home modification to enable elderly’s safe and independent living is the key plan to realize their aging in place. South Korea in which had entered an aged society is not yet vitalized in home modification for the elderly compared to that of welfare-developed countries, and South Korea provides support that is limited to the low-income elderly. Therefore, this purpose of this study was to analyze the laws related to the home modification, the present condition of home modification support, the standards and guidelines in home modification, the support in house modification cost, and supporting organization and working force in the home modification. Through the analyzing process, this study examined the current situation and problems of institutional support in the home modification for elderly and the proposed plan for institutional improvement. The suggestions based on the results are as in the following. 1) Home modification support law(act or regulation) is required to be improved 2) Home modification support system correspondent to aging process should be provided regardless of their income levels. 3) Delicate plan standard and guideline are necessary for a process of implementing the home modification for the elderly. 4) Information on life behavior is in need for the implementation of elderly-customized home modification. 5) Cost for the home modification should be considered to cover by the Act on Long-Term Care Insurance for the Aged. 6) Housing Welfare Center and Housing Welfare Professional should be actively utilized for the home modification support institution and work force.

고령자 복합 만성질환에 따른 주택 개조 선호도에 관한 연구

최화경,박성준 한국문화공간건축학회 2017 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.58

Korea is entering an aging society with an average life expectancy and low birth rate, and the government and society are proposing the policy and business to improve active aging of elderly. Especially, due to the desire of an aging in place, the government is enforcing various policies related to modification of residence for the elderly. However, physical housing modification items can not slow down the physical, mental and social aging of the elderly. Thus, the purpose of this study is to discuss the direction of customized house modification for the elderly by analyzing the preference of the house modification in accordance with the elderly who is suffering from multiple chronic disease. The study methods are as follows. Firstly, based on the analysis of previous studies related to the elderly, multiple chronic disease and house modification, a research tool about house modification of the elderly was developed, and conducted a survey targeting an elderly or pre-elderly with chronic disease. Secondly, the house modification preference and the chronic disease of survey subjects and the preference of house modification of chronic disease were analyzed. Finally, the house modification preference by multiple chronic disease was drawn, and proposed the planning items and details regarding the field of house modification. The results of this study are as follows: In the case of the elderly suffering from multiple chronic diseases: hypertension + chronic back pain + arthropathy, the housing modification should be considered in order of the intelligent residential service, space planning, assistive device, and materials and color scheme. The result of study is expected to be utilized as the fundamental data of house modification guideline on aging society in the future.

독거노인을 위한 맞춤형 주택개조 거주 후 사용자 평가 연구

성초희(Sung, Chohee),이연숙(Lee, Yeunsook) 한국실내디자인학회 2017 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

Aging in place(A.I.P) is suggested as an ideal concept to maintain life quality of the elderly. In order to provide an appropriate environment for elderly, home modification could be a solution. However, the effect of home modification is not yet reliably approved because home modification is not studied enough as an single factor intervention. The purpose of the study is to seek the effect of home modification by analyzing the result of post occupancy evaluation(P.O.E) that the case study has been done to implement the customized home modification for elderly. The research target is single male elderly aged 74, and the modification is completed in November 2016. In order to carry out P.O.E, the 1st interview is carried out on 19th of December in 2016, and 2nd interview is carried out on 22nd of Febrary in 2017. Through series of P.O.E, three modification effects are realized. Firstly, P.O.E on customized home modification shows that overall score on modification elements are high. Secondly, the resident prefers the visually effective elements for modification in the first P.O.E. However, experiencing physical effect of modification changes the perspective on modification. Lastly, questioning the life quality through modification changes has realized that modification can support physical and mental health allowing the resident to improve his independency, control and confidence.

제품애착이 소비자 제품변형행동에 미치는 영향 -혁신성과 사회적 성향의 조절적 역할

조웅현 ( Woonghyeon Jo ),한상만 ( Sangman Han ),박승배 ( Seung-bae Park ) 한국소비자학회 2013 소비자학연구 Vol.24 No.1

오늘날 소비자들은 자신의 목적과 의도에 맞게 스스로 제품을 변형하여 사용하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 소비자의 제품변형행동을 제품보호, 내형변형, 외형변형으로 유형화하고 있다. 그리고 제품변형행동이 어떤 요인에 의해 영향을 받으며 어떤 요인에 의해서 조절될 수 있는지를 구조방정식 모형을 통해서 설명하고 있다. 구체적으로 제품애착이 제품변형행동에 영향을 주며, 이러한 관계에 있어서 사회적 성향(사회적 연결성)과 혁신성(혁신적 소비성향)이 조절적 역할을 하는 것으로 파악하고 있다. 휴대전화를 대상으로 한 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 첫째, 제품애착은 소비자의 제품보호행동과 내형변형행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 성향과 혁신성이 높은 소비자일수록 보다 높은 수준의 제품변형행동을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 특정 제품의 기능을 확장시켜주는 보완재적 제품시장의 성장이 가속화되고 있는 시장상황에서 소비자의 제품애착과 제품변형행동과의 관계를 실증하고 있으며, 나아가 사회적 성향과 혁신성의 조절적 효과를 파악함으로서 디지털 시대의 소비자 행동을 이해하는데 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 특히 본 연구는 소비자들이 느끼고 공유하는 애착을 단순히 감성적인 차원에서 정의하지 않고, 그것이 소비자의 행 동변화에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 연구함으로써, ‘애착 후 행동(post-attachment behaviors)’이라는 새로운 이슈를 시사한다. Consumers modify their own products as their objects or intention, nowadays. The modification behaviors have been studied that these are led by consumer innovativeness or exploratory acquisition. lead users, consumers who have stronger technical capability that others on their interesting market, have higher innovativeness generally(Hippel 1996). Also they become opinion leaders on usage pattern by modifying products’ features to use them for another purposes newly proposed. Product attachment is another determinant of the modification behaviors. Because consumers with attachment modify their own products. Consumers in several studies, bicycle personalizing consumers(Mugge, Schifferstein and Schoormans 2004) or avatar grooming consumers(Mitchell 1999), are the examples. These consumers make their own products to be more durable and not to be substitutional and bored, by repairing it or adding features, when they are attached(Mugge, Schifferstein and Schoormans 2010). Moreover, consumers project their identity onto their attached products and its modification process to express themselves as a member of a social group. So, we studied product modification behaviors and its determinants. Concretely, we categorized modification behaviors into three(protection, outer-modification(for appearance) and innermodification( for features)), and tested demonstrated the influence of the product attachment. Also we investigated the moderating effect of consumer innovativeness and social orientation(or social connectedness) on product modification. 3 structural equation models tested the hypothesis, listed in the <Table> using survey data set on 275 consumers’ cellular phone modification behavior. As a result of, studies conclude: First, product attachment have positive influence on product modification behaviors. In study 1, protection and inner-modification have significantly influenced by product attachment and H1-1 and H1-3 are supported. But the effect on outer-modification is not significant, because full-touch phones, recently launched, have fewer surfaces to be decorated while protective case becomes fancier and colorful. In others words, outer-modification cannot be happened independently, as time goes by, on the cellular phone. Second, social orientation moderates the effect of products attachment on product modification behavior, in study 2. As highly socially-oriented consumers protect the product and modify the features more. So the H2-1 and H2-3 are supported while H2-2, hypothesis of outer-modification, rejected which is not significant in study 1. Hypothesis Estimates Result Low High Study 1 H1-1 Consumer’s product attachment will be positively influenced on protection. .425*** Supported H1-2 Consumer’s product attachment will be positively influenced on outer-modification. .021 Rejected H1-3 Consumer’s product attachment will be positively influenced on inner-modification. .411*** Supported Study 2 H2-1 As the higher social orientation, product attachment will influence on protection more. .352*** .489*** Supported H2-2 As the higher social orientation, product attachment will influence on outer-modification more. .044 .024 Rejected H2-3 As the higher social orientation, product attachment will influence on inner-modification more. .343*** .460*** Supported Study 3 H3-1 As the higher consumer innovativeness, product attachment will influence on protection more. .201** .599*** Supported H3-2 As the higher consumer innovativeness, product attachment will influence on outer-modification more. -.100 -.072 Rejected H3-3 As the higher consumer innovativeness, product attachment will influence on inner-modification more. .193* .584*** Supported * : p < .1, ** p < .05, *** p < .01 <Table> Estimates(standardized coefficient) and the result of the hypothesis tests Third, in study 3, customer innovativeness have significantly positive influence on three product modification behaviors. H3-1, 2 and 3 are supported. And less socially-oriented consumers protect the product and modify the appearance more, so H4-1 and 2 are supported. It means that lead users, who want to differentiate themselves and express their ‘leading edge status’, have less social connectedness and eager to modify their own products. In spite of some limitation, this study categorizes product modification behaviors and explains its determinants and two moderators: product attachment, consumer innovativeness and social orientation. And this study proposes the needs of the permissive design for modification and brand community for socially connected consumers, which have managerially implicative.

Occurrence, evolution, and functions of DNA phosphorothioate epigenetics in bacteria

Tong, Tong,Chen, Si,Wang, Lianrong,Tang, You,Ryu, Jae Yong,Jiang, Susu,Wu, Xiaolin,Chen, Chao,Luo, Jie,Deng, Zixin,Li, Zhiqiang,Lee, Sang Yup,Chen, Shi National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.13

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Phosphorothioate (PT) modification of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone is an important microbial epigenetic modification governed by DndABCDE, which together with DndFGH, constitutes a restriction-modification system. We show that up to 45% of 1,349 identified bacterial <I>dnd</I> systems exhibit the form of solitary <I>dndABCDE</I> without the restriction counterparts of <I>dndFGH</I>. The combination of epigenomics, transcriptome analysis, and metabolomics suggests that in addition to providing a genetic barrier against invasive DNA, PT modification is a versatile player involved in the epigenetic control of gene expression and the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. This finding provides evolutionary and functional insights into this unusual epigenetic modification. Our results imply that PT systems might evolve similar to other epigenetic modification systems with multiple cellular functions.</P><P>The chemical diversity of physiological DNA modifications has expanded with the identification of phosphorothioate (PT) modification in which the nonbridging oxygen in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is replaced by sulfur. Together with DndFGH as cognate restriction enzymes, DNA PT modification, which is catalyzed by the DndABCDE proteins, functions as a bacterial restriction-modification (R-M) system that protects cells against invading foreign DNA. However, the occurrence of <I>dnd</I> systems across a large number of bacterial genomes and their functions other than R-M are poorly understood. Here, a genomic survey revealed the prevalence of bacterial <I>dnd</I> systems: 1,349 bacterial <I>dnd</I> systems were observed to occur sporadically across diverse phylogenetic groups, and nearly half of these occur in the form of a solitary <I>dndBCDE</I> gene cluster that lacks the <I>dndFGH</I> restriction counterparts. A phylogenetic analysis of 734 complete PT R-M pairs revealed the coevolution of M and R components, despite the observation that several PT R-M pairs appeared to be assembled from M and R parts acquired from distantly related organisms. Concurrent epigenomic analysis, transcriptome analysis, and metabolome characterization showed that a solitary PT modification contributed to the overall cellular redox state, the loss of which perturbed the cellular redox balance and induced <I>Pseudomonas fluorescens</I> to reconfigure its metabolism to fend off oxidative stress. An in vitro transcriptional assay revealed altered transcriptional efficiency in the presence of PT DNA modification, implicating its function in epigenetic regulation. These data suggest the versatility of PT in addition to its involvement in R-M protection.</P>

전래동화에 나타난 행동수정 기법의 유형 분석: 제 7차 교육과정 초등 교과서를 중심으로

이우진,손은남,박현린 한국언어치료학회 2015 言語治療硏究 Vol.24 No.4

Purpose: Children who read fairy tales often equate themselves with the main character. Therefore fairy tales can be considered effective media for children who are quick to imitate and change various life models. Traditional fairy tales have been proven effective in education but, analysis on their use is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze traditional fairy tales by using behavior modification techniques and provide preliminary data that can be used as educational methods to improve disability awareness in the future. Methods: Sixty-nine traditional fairy tales were selected from ‘speaking, listening, writing, and reading’ textbooks of the seventh curriculum revision and teaching guide books for traditional fairy tales. The study measured frequency analysis of behavior modification subjects, behavior modification techniques in the textbook, and behavior modification techniques by grade level based on the classified table of main techniques of behavior modification. Results: As we investigated the difference in behavior modification between the main character and supporting characters, a high percentage of reduction in undesirable behavior was observed. When we looked into the main techniques of behavior modification in the textbooks and behavior modification by grade level, undesirable behavior decreased as well. Conclusions: The main technique of behavior modification used in fairy tales was to decrease undesirable behaviors. Taking advantage of the educational effectiveness of fairy tales and including behavior modification techniques appropriately that can instill positive disability awareness are recommended as educational material. 목적: 어린이들은 전래동화를 읽으면서 그 속에 주인공의 입장이 되어 자신의 입장과 동일시하는 경험을 하게 된다. 그러므로 전래동화는 곧 인생을 살아가는 여러 가지 모형을 변화와 모방이 빠른 어린이들에게 제시해 주는 효과적인 매체라 할 수 있을 것이다. 전래동화의 교육적 효과는 오랫동안의 연구 결과에서 입증되어 있으나 전래동화에 대한 분석적 연구는 아직 미흡한 상태이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 행동수정 기법을 통해 전래동화를 분석하여 추후 장애인식 개선을 도모하기 위한 교육방법으로서 활용하기 위한 기초 자료를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 제 7차 교육과정 교과서『말하기・듣기』,『쓰기』,『읽기』교과서 및 교사용지도서 그리고 교과서 속 전래동화 쏙쏙 뽑아 읽기에 수록된 총 69개의 전래동화를 대상으로 하였다. 분석방법은 행동수정 주요기법의 분류표를 중심으로 행동수정 대상자, 교과서에 수록된 행동수정 기법, 학년별 행동수정 기법의 유형을 빈도 분석하였다. 결과: 행동수정 대상자별 행동수정 기법의 차이를 주인공과 그 주변인물에 대하여 살펴 본 결과 바람직하지 않은 행동의 감소가 높게 나타났다. 교과서에 수록된 행동수정 주요 기법의 유형과 학년별 행동수정 주요 기법의 유형을 살펴본 결과에서도 바람직하지 않은 행동의 감소가 높게 나타났다. 결론: 전래 동화에서 사용된 행동수정 기법은 바람직하지 않은 행동 감소를 주로 사용하고 있었다. 전래동화의 교육적 효과의 장점을 이용하여 긍정적인 장애인식을 심어 줄 수 있는 행동수정 기법을 내용에 적절히 포함시켜 교육적 자료로 활용되어야 할 것이다.

The role of RNA epigenetic modification-related genes in the immune response of cattle to mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus

Xing Yue,Tang Yongjie,Chen QuanZhen,Chen Siqian,Li Wenlong,Mi Siyuan,Yu Ying 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.7

Objective: RNA epigenetic modifications play an important role in regulating immune response of mammals. Bovine mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a threat to the health of dairy cattle. There are numerous RNA modifications, and how these modification-associated enzymes systematically coordinate their immunomodulatory effects during bovine mastitis is not well reported. Therefore, the role of common RNA modificationrelated genes (RMRGs) in bovine S. aureus mastitis was investigated in this study. Methods: In total, 80 RMRGs were selected for this study. Four public RNA-seq data sets about bovine S. aureus mastitis were collected and one additional RNA-seq data set was generated by this study. Firstly, quantitative trait locus (QTL) database, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) database and differential expression analyses were employed to characterize the potential functions of selected enzyme genes in bovine S. aureus mastitis. Correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to further investigate the relationships of RMRGs from different types at the mRNA expression level. Interference experiments targeting the m6 A demethylase FTO and utilizing public MeRIP-seq dataset from bovine Mac-T cells were used to investigate the potential interaction mechanisms among various RNA modifications. Results: Bovine QTL and TWAS database in cattle revealed associations between RMRGs and immune-related complex traits. S. aureus challenged and control groups were effectively distinguished by principal component analysis based on the expression of selected RMRGs. WGCNA and correlation analysis identified modules grouping different RMRGs, with highly correlated mRNA expression. The m6 A modification gene FTO showed significant effects on the expression of m6 A and other RMRGs (such as NSUN2, CPSF2, and METTLE), indicating complex co-expression relationships among different RNA modifications in the regulation of bovine S. aureus mastitis. Conclusion: RNA epigenetic modification genes play important immunoregulatory roles in bovine S. aureus mastitis, and there are extensive interactions of mRNA expression among different RMRGs. It is necessary to investigate the interactions between RNA modification genes regulating complex traits in the future. Objective: RNA epigenetic modifications play an important role in regulating immune response of mammals. Bovine mastitis induced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) is a threat to the health of dairy cattle. There are numerous RNA modifications, and how these modification-associated enzymes systematically coordinate their immunomodulatory effects during bovine mastitis is not well reported. Therefore, the role of common RNA modificationrelated genes (RMRGs) in bovine <i>S. aureus</i> mastitis was investigated in this study.Methods: In total, 80 RMRGs were selected for this study. Four public RNA-seq data sets about bovine <i>S. aureus</i> mastitis were collected and one additional RNA-seq data set was generated by this study. Firstly, quantitative trait locus (QTL) database, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) database and differential expression analyses were employed to characterize the potential functions of selected enzyme genes in bovine <i>S. aureus</i> mastitis. Correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to further investigate the relationships of RMRGs from different types at the mRNA expression level. Interference experiments targeting the m⁶A demethylase <i>FTO</i> and utilizing public MeRIP-seq dataset from bovine Mac-T cells were used to investigate the potential interaction mechanisms among various RNA modifications.Results: Bovine QTL and TWAS database in cattle revealed associations between RMRGs and immune-related complex traits. <i>S. aureus</i> challenged and control groups were effectively distinguished by principal component analysis based on the expression of selected RMRGs. WGCNA and correlation analysis identified modules grouping different RMRGs, with highly correlated mRNA expression. The m⁶A modification gene <i>FTO</i> showed significant effects on the expression of m⁶A and other RMRGs (such as <i>NSUN2, CPSF2</i>, and <i>METTLE</i>), indicating complex co-expression relationships among different RNA modifications in the regulation of bovine <i>S. aureus</i> mastitis.Conclusion: RNA epigenetic modification genes play important immunoregulatory roles in bovine <i>S. aureus</i> mastitis, and there are extensive interactions of mRNA expression among different RMRGs. It is necessary to investigate the interactions between RNA modification genes regulating complex traits in the future.

노인가구를 위한 주택개조 실행과정 연구 - 공공지원사업 대상노인의 가족을 중심으로 -

권오정(Kwon, Oh-Jung),김은지(Kim, Eun-Ji),이용민(Lee, Yong-Min),김서연(Kim, Seo-Yeon) 한국주거학회 2022 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.33 No.2

Korea is facing a super-aged society, so an active response is urgently needed. Home modification for Elderly Households is a key point to reduce the burden of care for elderly families. In this study, the process of home modification of elderly households was explored using a survey and in-depth interview method targeting the families of the elderly with experience in public support projects. The first content of this survey is awareness of home modification, second, information collection process for home modification, third, planning of home modification and finally, evaluation of home modification. As a result of the survey, the awareness of home modification was high, and the method of collecting information was also highly preferred for community centers. In addition, the most frequent home modification was the bathroom, and the safe handles were installed. Finally, it was investigated that the overall effect felt by elderly families after home modification was high, and there were few difficulties in the process of implementing home modification. This study is meaningful in exploring the process of home modification of elderly households, but the limitation is that only reviewed the Jeonju-si area.

통합 유치원에서의 교육과정 수정이 장애 유아의 자유선택활동 참여에 미치는 영향

김지영(Kim, Jee Young),이소현(Lee, So Hyun) 한국특수교육학회 2010 한국특수교육학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

본 연구는 통합 유치원에서의 교육과정 수정이 장애 유아의 활동 참여에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것을 목표로 하였다. 세 명의 장애 유아를 대상으로 참여자 간 중다 기초선설계를 적용하였으며, 오전 자유선택활동 시간에 1단계 장애 유아 참여 현행 수준 평가, 2단계 교육과정 수정 계획, 3단계 교육과정 수정 실행, 4단계 피드백 제시하는 순서로 중재를 실시하였다. 종료 시점은 또래 소규준을 기준으로 결정하였다. 관찰 상황을 모두 비디오로 녹화하여 E-QUAL Ⅲ의 참여, 참여 수준, 참여 유형의 조작적 정의 지침에 따라 자료를 수집하고 기록하였다. 연구 결과 장애 유아의 참여율이 증가하였고, 참여 수준은 더 높은 수준으로 변화하였으며, 참여 유형도 더 다양해진 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 교육과정 수정이 통합 환경 장애 유아의 개별적인 욕구를 반영한 효과적이며 실제적인 지원 방안으로 사용될 수 있음을 밝혔다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the curriculum modification for young children with disabilities in an inclusive setting would influence engagement in the free choice activities. This study investigated the intervention effects through a multiple baseline design across children. To applicate curriculum modification, The intervention package consisted of four steps to modify curriculum. In the first step, The researcher assessed the current participation level of the young children with disabilities after two teacher orientation sessions. In the second step, The researcher planned curriculum modification through physical environmental modification, social environmental modification, activity modification, and material modification. The third step involved the implementation of the planned curriculum modification, and the fourth step offered feedback. Those steps were carried out repetitively, and the ending point of intervention was decided based on a peer micronorm. Data were collected using interval recording systems and the percentages of occurrence were obtained. These results show that the curriculum modification was effective in improving the engagement, engagement level, engagement type of the children with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. This finding suggests that the ingredients in successful application of the systematic instructional procedures in inclusive settings may be related to how teachers organize instructional trials for the young children with special needs. The effectiveness of the applications of curriculum modification to ongoing routines in inclusive settings is also discussed.

An investigation on the influence of modification parameters on transmission characteristics of planetary gear system

Xiangyang Xu,Xupeng Fan,Peng Diao,Huaiju Liu 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.7

A new gear tooth modification model of planetary gear system was established by considering the characteristics of tooth longitudinal crowning modification and tooth profile modification. Using this model, the influences of modification parameters on the time-varying mesh stiffness, transmission error, contact spots and dynamic response of the planetary gear system were analyzed through numerical analysis. The results show that tooth profile modification can effectively restrain the mesh stiffness sudden variation in the single and double tooth alternation of both the internal and external mesh pairs, and significantly decrease the transmission error fluctuation. However, longitudinal crowning modification has no marked influence on mesh stiffness sudden variation or transmission error fluctuation. The tooth profile modification can significantly reduce the sudden variation of tooth surface load during gear mesh course. Longitudinal crowning modification can make the tooth surface load evenly distributed in tooth width direction. When the external meshing pairs are modified at the tooth profile individually, the magnitude values of main response resonance peaks of internal meshing pairs have a great reduction, but those values of external meshing pairs change slightly. In the case of tooth profile modification of the internal meshing pairs, the phenomenon is reversed. By contrast with tooth profile modification, longitudinal crowning modification has little influence on the resonance peaks of internal and external meshing pairs.