기상조건과 배설지 특성에 따른 수달(Lutra lutra) 분변의 표백현상에 관한 연구

노은영,한성용,유정칠 한국습지학회 2015 한국습지학회지 Vol.17 No.1

배설 후 시간 경과에 의해 나타나는 수달(Lutra lutra) 분변의 표백현상은 신선한 분변(Fresh spraints)과 오래된 분변(Old spraints)을 알려주는 척도로 이용되고 있다. 기존의 연구들은 분변 표백현상에 대해 외적 특징만을 언급해왔을뿐, 분변 간 발생하는 표백률의 차이를 설명할 수 없었다. 본 연구는 공극률, 연경도 같은 배설지 특성에 의해 발생하는미기상(Micrometeorology) 차이가 분변 간 표백률에 차이를 유발할 것이라 가정했다. 배설지 조건은 점토, 모래, 바위,콘크리트의 네 가지 유형으로, 일사량의 영향을 보기 위해 다시 양지와 음지로 나누었다. 배설지 미기상은 지표면의기온과 습도 측정을 통해 도출했고, 계절적 변화를 고려하기 위해 전 계절에 걸친 측정이 이루어졌다. 배설지 기상요소의 상관관계 분석을 통해 양지에서 배설지 유형에 따라 미기상에 차이가 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 배설지 미기상차이가 분변 표백현상에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 양지의 바위와 콘크리트 배설지에서 높은 분변 표백률이 나타났으며, 특히 여름에는 양지의 점토 배설지에서 분변 표백률이 가장 높게 나타나는 특징을 보였다(63.4 ± 7.6%). 전 계절에걸쳐 표백률이 가장 낮은 배설지는 모래인 것으로 나타났다. 각 배설지의 분변 표백률은 계절과 햇빛의 유무에 따라차이가 발생했고, 배설지 특성에 의한 열전도도 차이가 배설지 기온 차이를 유발함으로써, 분변 표백률에 차이가 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 분변을 간접흔적(Indirect sign)으로 이용하는 수달 생태조사에 있어서, 분변 표백현상에 대한 기존의 외적 평가는 계절, 배설지 특성 및 햇빛의 유무를 함께 고려해야 한다는 것을 보여준다. The bleaching phenomenon of otter spraints is indicates that the age of spraints (fresh or old spraints). As previousstudies on the old otter faeces (spraint) have focused only on the external changes of spraints, it has been difficult toexplain the difference of the decomposition rates among old spraints. We hypothesized that the micrometeorologydifference caused by various characteristics of sprainting sites such as porosity and consistency of soil could affect theextent of the decomposition rate, the solar bleaching phenomenon of spraints used as a measure of the patterns of oldspraints. Sprainting sites were classified into four types (Clay, Sand, Rock and Concrete spot) and each type wasdivided into two groups according to the sunlight condition (Sunny site and Shady site) to measure the effect of solarradiation. Micrometeorology of the sites were evaluated by measuring temperatures and humidities of the sites duringthe whole season. The variations in micrometeorology of the sunny sites according to the sprainting site types wereexamined with correlation analyses between the factors of micrometeorology. The analyses on the bleachingphenomenon of the spraints by micrometeorology showed that the highest rate of bleaching was found at the ‘Rockspot’ and ‘Concrete spot’ of the sunny site and especially in summer, the highest rate of bleaching (63.4 ± 7.6%) wasfound at the ‘Clay spot’ of the sunny sites. The lowest rate of bleaching was found at the ‘Sand spot’ of the sunnysites. The above findings show that the difference in bleaching rates among sprainting sites was due to the seasonal orsunny condition. In addition, we found that the differences in thermal conductivity among sprainting sitecharacteristics have resulted in different sprainting site temperature which have affected the rate of bleaching ofspraints. In conclusion, this study suggests that studies of otters on their population size and home ranges usingspraints as an indirect sign, should consider the effects of sprainting site characteristics and weather conditions.

산림 미기상 해석을 위한 최적모델 개발

이석준 ( Sukjun Lee ),최용한 ( Yonghan Choi ),정재희 ( Jeahee Jung ),원명수 ( Myoungsoo Won ),임규호 ( Gyu Ho Lim ) 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.2

지구 온난화와 연관된 기후 변화는 악기상 현상의 발생 빈도 및 강도를 증가시킨다. 따라서 산불, 산사태 등 산림 재해의 예방 및 대응을 위한 정밀한 산림미기상 예측 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 2013년 3월 봉화와 강릉에서 발생한 산불을 WRF와, 3D-var로 모의 하였다. WRF에서 나온 Output 자료를 이용하여 MUKLIMO 모형을 기반으로 산림 미기상 해석 및 모의를 위한 예측 시스템의 구축과 최적화를 이루었다. 이를 위해 3차원 변분 자료 동화 방법을 사용하여 기상청 AWS 관측 자료를 동화하였고, WRF의 예보에 MUKLIMO 모형을 결합하여 100m의 고해상도 바람장을 산출하였다. 자료동화를 수행하지 않은 CNTL 실험에 비해 자료 동화를 수행한 KMA 혹은 KMA_KFRI실험의 모의 결과가 관측과 가까워짐을 확인하였다. MUKLIMO에서 산출된 바람장 자료를 이용하여 보다 정확한 산림 미기상 예측 시스템을 구축할 수 있었다. The extreme weather conditions become frequent and severe with global warming. To prevent and cope forest disaster like a forest fire, we need an accurate micrometeorological prediction system for mountainous regions. This study addressed the forest fires occurred at Bonghwa and Gangneung in March, 2013. We constructed and optimized the prediction system that were required to interpret and simulate the forest micrometeorology. At first, we examined WRF physical sensitivity. Subsequently, KMA AWS observation data were assimilated using three-dimensional variation data assimilation method. The effectiveness of the assimilation was examined by using AWS observations enhanced with the Forest Research Institute observations. Finally, The 100 meters spatial resolution wind data were obtained by using the MUKLIMO for the given wind vector from WRF.

Micrometeorology and the Jet Engine

( Lee Young June ) 한국과학사학회 2019 한국과학사학회지 Vol.41 No.2

This paper is an attempt at examining the structure of the jet engine from a micrometeorological perspective, in order to further develop the emerging methodology of “machine critique.” As an outsider of science and engineering, a social scientist can probe into the deeper layers of complex machines, which will lead to fresh perspectives. This paper will merge the two seemingly unrelated subjects, micrometeorology and jet engines, which will provide new insights for scientists and engineers to further their horizons. Ultimately, this paper interprets the jet aircraft as a micrometeorological phenomenon. This will allow us to perceive the air-breathing engine as the interface between humans and their surrounding environment.

소나무림 생장에 영향을 미치는 미기상 특성에 관한 연구

전형국,김종갑,김민영,이상곤,이광수,정수영 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2021 농업생명과학연구 Vol.55 No.4

본 연구는 백두대간 소나무림의 생장 변화를 관찰하기 위해 연륜생장과 미기상 요소와의 관계를 분석하였다. 백두대간 소나무림 분포지역과 기후변화의 영향이 나타나는 난대림지역에 대조구로 설정하여 미기상 측정을 위해 기온, 지온을 측정할 수 있는 데이터 로거(HOBO Micro station, Oneset)를 설치하여 측정하였고, 5개 지역에서 25본 연륜을 채취하여 미기상인자와 상관분석을 실시하였다. 거제 지역에서 기온과 연륜간의 상관관계 가 부의 상관관계를 나타내어 기온이 상대적으로 높은 지역에서 연륜생장의 감소경향을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 기후변화에 따른 소나무림 연륜생장 변화 예측에 필요한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study, in order to observe the change of the growth of Baekdudaegan Pinus densiflora forest, analyzed the relation between growth of the annual rings and micrometeorology conditions. A data logger (HOBO Micro station) capable of measuring temperature and soil temperature for micrometeorology conditions set in the Baekdudaegan Pinus densiflora forest was set up and twenty five annual rings were collected in five areas and correlation analysis was performed with micrometeorology conditions. The correlation between temperature and annual rings shows a negative correlation in the Namwon and it is possible to know the decreasing trend of annual ring growth in areas where the temperature is relatively high. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information necessary for predicting changes in radial growth of Pinus densiflora and caused by climate change.

영농형 태양광 시설 하부 논에서의 농업환경 관측 및 시설 외부 환경과의 비교

강민석 ( Minseok Kang ),손승원 ( Seungwon Sohn ),박주한 ( Juhan Park ),김종호 ( Jongho Kim ),최성원 ( Sung-won Choi ),조성식 ( Sungsik Cho ) 한국농림기상학회 2021 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.23 No.3

솔라 쉐어링이라고도 불리는 영농형 태양광은 작물의 광포화점 이상의 태양광을 솔라 패널을 이용한 발전에 활용하는 개념으로, 잉여 태양광 차단에 따른 지면에 입사하는 태양복사 에너지의 감소로 인한 증발산량 감소와 함께 지면 냉각 효과로 메탄 배출량도 줄이는 효과를 가져올 수 있어 기후 스마트 농업을 구현할 수 있는 기술로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 파주 영농형 태양광 시설 하부 및 외부 논에 상/하향 장/단파 복사, 기온, 습도, 지온, 수온, 풍향, 풍속 등을 관측하는 자동기상관측장비를 설치하여 시설 하부와 외부의 농업환경을 관측하고 비교함으로써, 영농형 태양광이 농가에 태양광 발전을 통한 부가적인 수입을 안기면서 재배 시 발생하는 물 소비와 메탄 배출을 줄이는 기후 스마트 농업 실현에 적합한지 그 가능성을 확인해 보았다. 관측 기간 동안 영농형 태양광 시설 하부의 평균 일사량은 노지 일사량의 약 70% 정도였으며, 영농형 태양광 시설 하부 논과 노지 논에서 기온의 차이는 거의 없었지만 지온과 수온은 명확한 차이가 확인되었다. 실제로 이러한 환경의 차이가 물 소비량 및 온실가스 배출량 감소로 이어지는지 플럭스 실측을 통한 확인이 요구된다. Agrivoltaic systems, also called solar sharing, stated from an idea that utilizes sunlight above the light saturation point of crops for power generation using solar panels. It is expected that agrivoltaic systems can realize climate smart agriculture by reducing evapotranspiration and methane emission due to the reduction of incident solar radiation and the consequent surface cooling effect and bring additional income to farms through solar power generation. In this study, to evaluate that agrivoltaic systems are suitable for realization of climate smart agriculture, we conducted agro-environmental observations (i.e., downward/upward shortwave/longwave radiations, air temperature, relative humidity, water temperature, soil temperature, and wind speed) in a rice paddy under an agrivoltaic system and compared with the environment outside the system using automated meteorological observing systems (AMOS). During the observation period, the spatially averaged incoming solar radiation under the agrivoltaic system was about 70% of that in the open paddy field, and clear differences in the soil and water temperatures between the paddy field under the agrivoltaic system and the open paddy field were confirmed, although the air temperatures were similar. It is required in the near future to confirm whether such environmental differences lead to a reduction in water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by flux measurements.

Advances in the design of high-rise structures by the wind tunnel procedure: Conceptual framework

Emil Simiu,여동훈 한국풍공학회 2015 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.21 No.5

This paper surveys and complements contributions by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to techniques ensuring that the wind tunnel procedure for the design of high-rise structures is based on sound methods and allows unambiguous inter-laboratory comparisons. Developments that enabled substantial advances in these techniques include: Instrumentation for simultaneously measuring pressures at multiple taps; time-domain analysis methods for estimating directional dynamic effects; creation of large simulated extreme directional wind speed data sets; non-parametric methods for estimating mean recurrence intervals (MRIs) of Demand-to-Capacity Indexes (DCIs); and member sizing based on peak DCIs with specified MRIs. To implement these advances changes are needed in the traditional division of tasks between wind and structural engineers. Wind engineers should provide large sets of directional wind speeds, pressure coefficient time series, and estimates of uncertainties in wind speeds and pressure coefficients. Structural engineers should perform the dynamic analyses, estimates of MRIs of wind effects, sensitivity studies, and iterative sizing of structural members. The procedure is transparent, eliminates guesswork inherent in frequency domain methods and due to the lack of pressure measurements, and enables structural engineers to be in full control of the structural design for wind.

Advances in the design of high-rise structures by the wind tunnel procedure: Conceptual framework

Simiu, Emil,Yeo, DongHun Techno-Press 2015 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.21 No.5

This paper surveys and complements contributions by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to techniques ensuring that the wind tunnel procedure for the design of high-rise structures is based on sound methods and allows unambiguous inter-laboratory comparisons. Developments that enabled substantial advances in these techniques include: Instrumentation for simultaneously measuring pressures at multiple taps; time-domain analysis methods for estimating directional dynamic effects; creation of large simulated extreme directional wind speed data sets; non-parametric methods for estimating mean recurrence intervals (MRIs) of Demand-to-Capacity Indexes (DCIs); and member sizing based on peak DCIs with specified MRIs. To implement these advances changes are needed in the traditional division of tasks between wind and structural engineers. Wind engineers should provide large sets of directional wind speeds, pressure coefficient time series, and estimates of uncertainties in wind speeds and pressure coefficients. Structural engineers should perform the dynamic analyses, estimates of MRIs of wind effects, sensitivity studies, and iterative sizing of structural members. The procedure is transparent, eliminates guesswork inherent in frequency domain methods and due to the lack of pressure measurements, and enables structural engineers to be in full control of the structural design for wind.

태안해안국립공원 학암포 해안사구 초지생태계의 미기상인자 계절변화

이나연 ( Na Yeon Lee ),최인영 ( In Youn Choi ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.1

미기상학 야외실험에서 얻어지는 자료 처리에 관하여

홍진규,김준 한국농림기상학회 2002 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Recently, the flux community in Korea established a new regional flux network, so-called KoFlux, which will provide an infrastructure for collecting, synthesizing, and analysing long-term measurements of energy and mass exchange between the atmosphere and the various vegetated surfaces. KoFlux requires the collection of long time series of raw data, and a large amount of data are expected to accumulate due to continuous flux observations at each KoFlux sites. Therefore, we need a systematic and efficient tool to manage these raw data. As a part of this effort, a computer program for processing raw data measured from micrometeorological field experiments was developed for the flux community in Korea. In this paper, we introduce this program for processing raw data to estimate fluxes and other turbulent statistics and explain the micrometeorological processes coded in this data-processing program. Also, we show some examples on how to run the program and handle the outputs for the unique purpose of research interest.

The Fundamental Requirements in the Application of Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Method for Measuring the Trace Gas Fluxes

Kim Ki-Hyun Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2005 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.21 No.E1

It is well perceived that micrometeorological approach is one of the most reliable method for the quantification of vertical fluxes of trace components in the atmosphere. In this study, the feasibility of relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method is discussed with respect to its reliability in the field application. Knowing that the use of micrometeorological approaches requires validation of analytical uncertainties involved, the problems and issues associated with its application are discussed to stimulate the proper employment of such technique in the field study.