정부지원이 기업의 조직혁신에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이성은 ( Sung Eun Lee ) 한국생산성학회 2015 生産性論集 Vol.29 No.3

The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of government support on the corporations’ organizational innovation. Among many fields of innovation, a lot of previous researches have focused on the product and process innovation, primarily known as technological innovations which have direct impacts on organization’s performance, while the field of organizational innovation research has been left aside. OECD, however, has developed a new guideline to measure non-technological innovations, specifically organizational and marketing innovation, emphasizing on their importance. In this study, the researcher first defines the concept of government support and organizational innovation and the relationship between the two concepts. Based on the previous researches, the hypothesis is set: Government support on corporations will have a positive impact on actual innovation of the corporations. The logit analysis method was used in the study, and the results are as below. Throughout the study, it has been found that the government support does have a positive impact on corporations’ organizational innovation. To be more specific, the analysis shows that the corporations which benefited from the government support turned out to have higher possibility to implement organizational innovation than that of the corporations which did not received government support. Moreover, even after specifically subdividing the types of government support, the analysis still shows that all types of government support positively affect organizational innovation. Furthermore, it is found that the more government supports corporations benefit, the higher the chance of implementing more organizational innovation types. This research is meaningful in that it is the first research to study the impact of government support on organizational innovation using Korean Innovation Survey(KIS), which followed the OECD guideline.

코스닥 상장기업의 특허에 관한 연구

김병기,남윤명 대한경영학회 2019 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

Innovation is a key driver of corporate growth and economic development. However, there is a possibility that innovation may not be properly valued in the capital market because of the difficulty in measuring innovation and the uncertainty involved in the result of innovation. It is also important to note that there is a difference in uncertainty in each stage of the innovation process. In this study, unlike previous studies, we distinguish innovation activity from innovation outcome and measure innovation efficiency as outcome against activity. Then, we analyze whether innovation activity, innovation outcome, and innovation efficiency are reflected properly in stock prices. The results of the event study on the announcements of patent acquisitions by 439 KOSDAQ companies from 2009 to 2017 are as follows. First, the stock market responded positively to patent grant announcements. Second, non-manufacturing firms show higher announcement effects than manufacturing firms and the lower the growth and profitability, the higher the announcement effects. Third, according to the cross-sectional analysis of excess returns, patents affect excess returns significantly whereas R&D does not. Fourth, the financial situation in terms of cash holdings and cash flows deteriorates after the acquisition of the patent. Although event studies are useful in analyzing short-term market responses, there are limitations in analyzing long-term market assessments. Thus, the impact of patents on corporate value and profitability is analyzed employing cross-sectional regressions. The results show that both R&D (innovation activity) and patents (innovation outcome) have significant positive effects on corporate value, while both have significant negative impact on profitability. This can be interpreted as a positive assessment of innovation in a forward-looking stock market, even if accounting profits worsen. Contrary to anticipation, innovation efficiency has a negative effect on firm value. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more sophisticated innovation indicators in the future. Innovation can be a burden to firms due to high uncertainty, but if it leads to successful commercialization, it will not only increase firm value but also contribute greatly to national economic growth. However, so far, both managers and investors have lacked indicators which can properly evaluate innovation, such as efficiency, originality, economic value of innovation, and so on. Therefore, this study suggests the development of more diverse and sophisticated indicators of innovation in order to effectively perform innovation activities and evaluation. The role of capital markets is an important factor which must be considered together with new innovation indicators in building a virtuous cycle of innovation. In general, outside investors experience a greater difficulty in processing information regarding innovation compared to other activities of the firm. If capital markets are unable to reduce the information processing gap for innovation, it is highly likely that the innovative firm will not be properly evaluated. At present, the potential growth rate of our country has been substantially decreased due to low birthrate, aging population, and decline in working age population. Therefore, the importance of innovation growth is increasing. Because firms can not enhance their value unless innovation leads to successful commercialization or tangible outcome, this study emphasizes the importance of innovation outcome as well as innovation activity. When appropriate indicators of innovation activity and innovation outcome are developed, both managers and investors can utilize them to assess firms properly, which in turn will contribute to economic growth as well as individual firms by allocating limited resources to more productive firms. From this perspective, this study is expected to help firms and capital markets play a major role in innovation growth. 혁신은 기업성장과 경제발전의 핵심 원동력이다. 다른 투자와 비교해 혁신투자는 고위험-고수익이라는특징을 갖고 있다. 혁신은 측정하기 어렵고 그 성과가 불확실하기 때문에 혁신활동은 자본시장에서 적절히평가되지 않을 가능성이 높다. 그런데 혁신은 단계별로 불확실성에 차이가 있다는 점에 주목할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 혁신활동과 혁신성과를 구별하는 동시에 활동 대비 성과라는 혁신효율성을 포함하였다. 혁신활동은 R&D로 그리고 혁신성과는 특허로 측정하였으며, 혁신효율성은 R&D 대비 혁신효율성과 매출효율성으로각각 측정하였다. 그런 다음 주식시장에서 혁신활동, 혁신성과, 혁신효율성이 기업가치에 어떻게 반영되고있는가를 분석하였다. 2009년부터 2017년까지 기간에 439개 코스닥 기업의 특허취득을 대상으로 사건연구를 행한 결과는 다음과같다. 첫째, 주식시장은 특허취득 공시에 대해 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 둘째, 표본을 분류해 공시효과를 살펴보면 비제조업체가 제조업체에 비해 더 높은 초과수익률을 보였으며, 성장성과 수익성이 낮을수록 더 높은 공시효과를 보였다. 셋째, 초과수익률의 횡단면 분석결과에 따르면 특허수가 많을수록 초과수익률이 높았지만 R&D투자지출은 유의하지 않았다. 넷째, 특허취득 이후에 자금상황은 악화된 것으로 나타났다. 사건연구는 단기간의 시장반응을 분석하는데 유용하지만 장기간의 시장평가를 분석하기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 따라 특허가 기업가치 및 수익성에 미치는 영향을 횡단면 분석하였다. 분석결과를 보면 혁신활동인 R&D 와 혁신성과인 특허 모두 기업가치에 유의한 정(+) 영향을 미치고 있었지만 수익성에는 유의한 부(-)의 영향을미치고 있어 대조된다. 이는 회계적 수익은 악화시킬지라도 미래지향적인 주식시장에서 혁신을 긍정적으로평가한다고 해석할 수 있다. 다만 예상과 달리 혁신효율성은 기업가치에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 혁신은 불확실성이 높아 기업에게 부담으로 작용하기도 하지만 성공적인 사업화로 연결될 시 기업가치제고를 넘어 국가 경제성장에도 큰 기여를 하게 된다. 하지만 현재까지는 혁신의 효율성 및 독창성, 혁신의경제적 가치 등 혁신을 제대로 평가할 수 있는 지표가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 혁신 활동 및평가를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있도록 보다 다양하고 정교한 혁신지표의 개발을 추후 연구과제로 제시하고있다.

기술혁신이론의 진화: 슘페터에서 전환이론까지

정선양,정지윤 기술경영경제학회 2023 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.31 No.3

본 논문은 지난 세기 초부터 시작된 기술혁신이론의 진화를 분석한다. 기술혁신이론은 지난 세기 초 Joseph Schumpeter에 의해 시작되었으나 그의 이론은 주류경제학에 밀려 큰 각광을 받지 못하였다. 1960년대에 들어서 일부 신고전학파 경제학자들이 기술혁신이 경제발전에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 1970년대 초 사회경제의 발전에 있어서 기술혁신과 기업가 정신을 강조한 슘페터의 이론이 새로운 조명을 받았고, 이 시기 그의 이론을 추종하는 학자들을 ‘신슘페터주의자라’고 부른다. 이들은 1980년대에 들어 기술혁신의 창출, 활용, 확산에 있어서 한 국가 혁신자원의 총동원체제인 ‘국가혁신체제’의 개념을 창출하였고 이 개념은 빠르게 확산되어 실제로 전 세계적으로 혁신체제에 관한 많은 실증적 연구가 진행되었다. 2000년대 들어 유럽의 학자들을 중심으로 혁신체제의 지속가능한 체제로의 전환에 주안점을 두는 ‘전환이론’이 활발하게 진행되어 오고 있다. 그러나 우리나라는 이에 관한 연구가 부족하다는 점에서 이 새로운 기술혁신연구의 활성화가 매우 필요하다. This paper aims at discussing the evolution of innovation theory from the beginning of the last century to present. Innovation theory has begun by Joseph Schumpeter in the beginning of the last century and his theory had not attained much attention compared to the mainstream economic theory. In the 1960s, some neo-classical economists analyzed the effect of technological change on economic growth and emphasized the role of demand in innovation process. However, in the beginning of the 1970s, Schumpeter’s innovation theory, which emphasized the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in economic and social development, attained enormous attention by many liberal economists. They were called neo-Schumpeterians as they followed the theories and ideas of Schumpeter. In the middle of the 1980s, neo-Schumpeterians identified the concept of national innovation system(NIS), which is the total mobilization system of innovation resources for generating, appropriating and diffusing technological innovations. Soon this theory diffused very quickly at regional and sectoral level. As a result, there have been very active empirical studies on innovation systems in the world. Since the beginning of the 2000s the transition study have been actively carried out mainly in European countries. This study emphasizes the transition of existing innovation systems into more sustainable ones. In Korea we need to activate transition study, because there have been only few studies in this new theory.

ICT산업에서 기술혁신과 생산성

신범철 ( Beom Cheol Cin ),이영석 ( Young Seok Lee ) 한국생산성학회 2018 生産性論集 Vol.32 No.2

The advent of the 4^th industrial revolution through technological innovations such as block chain, cloud computing, big data, internet of things, and artificial intelligence makes expectations and concerns as well. On the one hand, the fourth industrial revolution can cause increasing returns to scale of firms, productivity enhancement and thus economic growth. If technological innovation is complementary to labor, it can result in productivity improvement and create high value-added new products. On the other hand, there are increasing concerns that technological innovation could displace jobs by machines and eventually cause the disappearance of jobs. Technological innovations in the ICT industry may play an essential role in the 4^th industrial revolution. Nonetheless, there are not many studies on productivity effects of the innovation activities in the ICT firms. This paper empirically examines the effects of new product innovation and production procedure innovation on productivity in the ICT firms using the 2011 Korean Service Innovation Survey data. In estimating the effects of innovation on labor productivity in the ICT industries, it controls for simultaneity and inconsistency of the innovation variables. Main empirical results are as follows. First, the exogeneity hypothesis of both new service innovation and production process innovation is rejected respectively, meaning that estimation by the simple OLS estimation can produce biased results. Thus, an expansion of innovation activities leads to an increase in labor productivity in the ICT firms and the other way around. Second, all R&D expenditure variables in the ICT firms except SMEs are also found to be statistically significant, implying that R&D investment is main sources of ICT firms’competitiveness and an important factor of firm growth. Third, the labor productivity of the ICT firms is found to be have positive association with process innovation. This means that labor productivity and production efficiency can be improves mainly due to process innovation. However, service innovation has negative association with labor productivity in the ICT service industry. This result is consistent with Hong et al.(2003) and Jung(2011) in that productivity performance in service sector is not that good. Finally, for all non-ICT firms, either large or small, process innovation has the positive effects on labor productivity, implying that process innovation should play an essential role in improvement of productivity efficiency in the service industry.

한국 중소기업의 혁신생태계와 혁신에 관한 연구

박규호,장지상,정준호 강원대학교 사회과학연구원 2018 사회과학연구 Vol.57 No.1

혁신생태계의 개념적인 차별성에 기초하여 본 연구는 한국의 혁신생태계에 대한 이해도를 제고하고 나아가 바람직한 정책적 접근을 도모하기 위해 한국의 혁신생태계가 중소기업의 혁신성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 혁신생태계에 관한 개념적 논의를 기반으로 첫째, 혁신생태계를 혁신생태계의 특성과 소속 경제주체의 해당 혁신생태계의 활용으로 구분하여 접근하고자 하였다. 둘째, 소속 경제주체가 인식하는 신뢰유형을 바탕으로 혁신생태계의 유형구분을 시도하였다. 이들 요소를 활용하여 혁신성과와 제품혁신에 따른 매출비중에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 세부혁신별로나 제품혁신의 수준에 따른 매출비중에서는 효과가 차별적인 것이지만, 혁신생태계는 전반적으로 혁신성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 결과적으로, 중소기업의 혁신촉진을 위해서는 중소기업 스스로나 정책적으로 모두 혁신생태계에 주목할 필요성이 있다는 시사점을 도출하였다. This paper aims to estimate the effect of Korean innovation ecosystem on the innovation performance of Korean SMEs. Based on the conceptual discussions on innovation ecosystem, we try to approach innovation ecosystem focusing on two factors, the characteristics of innovation ecosystem, mainly depending on trust, and the firm’s utilization of innovation ecosystem through cooperative activities with various partners, and furthermore we try a classification of ecosystem type based on trust type. As a result, we come to find that the innovation ecosystem matters for the innovation of SMEs, and there should be necessity of attention to innovation ecosystem for facilitating SMEs’ innovation.

정보원천이 기업의 친환경혁신에 미치는 영향 연구

허림경,황윤섭,한혜진 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2018 社會科學硏究 Vol.44 No.3

Eco-innovation requires a external network to acquire a greater amount of knowledge than general innovation (Horbach et al., 2013), and it is also important to have a close and long-lasting relationship with institutions that have relevant technologies for innovation success (Huggins et al ., 2010). This study empirically analyzes the relationship between eco-innovation determinants and eco-innovation performance and verifies the moderating effect of diversity(Breadth) and importance(Depth) of information sources. The determinants of eco-innovation are defined as government regulation, market motivations, and firm capacity. The dependent variables are process innovation and product innovation. The information source diversity is measured by the number of external information sources. In addition, the importance of information source is the depth of the relationship with the external knowledge source. As a result of the analysis, government regulation showed a positive correlation with process innovation and showed no significant effect on product innovation. Market motivations and firm capacity showed positive (+) correlation in both process innovation and product innovation. Among the three factors, corporate capacitye is the most important factor in process innovation, and market motivations are the highest in product innovation. As a result of the 3step regression analysis, the diversity of information sources did not show significant value in eco-innovation, which means that information diversity has no control over the effects of government regulation, market motivations, and corporate capacity on eco-innovation. The importance of information source mitigates the impact of regulations and market drivers on green process innovation. The diversity of information sources did not show significant value for eco-innovation, and the importance of information source confirmed that regulation and market drivers have a moderating effect on process eco-innovation. 친환경혁신은 일반혁신 보다 다양하고 많은 양의 지식확보를 위한 네트워크가 필요하고 (Horbach et al., 2013), 혁신의 성공을 위해 관련기술을 보유한 기관과 긴밀하고 지속적인 관계가 중요하다(Huggins et al., 2010). 본 연구에서는 친환경혁신 결정요인과 친환경혁신 성과간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하고, 정보원천의 다양성과 중요성의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 친환경혁신 결정요인은 정부규제, 시장요인, 기업역량으로, 종속변수는 친환경 프로세스혁신과 제품혁신으로 정의하였다. 정보원천 다양성은 외부 정보원천의 개수로 측정 하였다. 또한 정보원천 중요도는 외부 지식원천과의 관계의 깊이를 나타낸다. 분석 결과 정부규제는 프로세스 혁신에 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타내고 제품혁신에는 유의미한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 시장동인과 기업역량은 프로세스 혁신과 제품혁신 모두에서 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 세 요인 중 프로세스 혁신에서는 기업역량이, 제품혁신에서는 시장동인이 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 3단계 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하여 조절효과를 검증한 결과 정보원천의 다양성은 친환경혁신에서 유의한 값을 나타내지 않았고, 정보원천의 중요성은 규제와 시장동인이 친환경 프로세스혁신에 주는 영향에 완화적 조절효과가 있음을 확인했다.

정치적 및 상징적 효율성이 관리혁신의 확산에 미치는 영향과 이들에 대한 조절요인에 대한 연구

이경묵(Kyungmook Lee),박미혜(Mihye Park) 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 2009 인사조직연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구에서는 제도이론의 관점을 활용하여 관리혁신의 속성인 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 관리혁신의 확산에 미치는 영향을 논의하였다. 첫째, 정치적 효율성을 논의하면서 관리혁신의 확산을 추진하는 주체가 행사하는 영향력이 크 고 확산을 강제하는 정도가 강할수록, 그리고 혁신이 조직 내부 권력연합의 권력기반을 강화해줄수록 빠르게 확산될 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. 둘째, 상징적 효율성을 논의하면서 사회적 지위가 높은 조직에서 고안하여 활용한 혁신, 권위있는 전문기관에서 추천하는 혁신, 사회진보와 정의구현에 도움을 주는 것으로 인정되는 혁신, 기존 제도들과의 적합성이 높은 혁신, 재발명된 혁신이 빠르게 확산될 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. 셋째, 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 확산속도에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 요인들을 탐색하였다. 관리혁신이 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 높다고 해서 항상 빠르게 확산되지는 않는다. 다수의 조직과 조직내부의 권력 연합에게 큰 희생을 요구하는 혁신의 경우에는, 채택여부를 고민하는 의사결정자들이 혁신을 채택함으로써 얻을 수 있는 정치적 정당성의 확보와 상징적 평판의 고양을 포기할 수도 있기 때문이다. 따라서 혁신채택에 필수적으로 수반되는 비용과 희생이 작을수록 정치적 및 상징적 효율성이 확산에 미치는 영향이 강해질 것이다. 이런 조절요인으로 본 연구에서는 채택 여부의 가시성, 혁신의 독자성, 상징적 채택의 용이성을 검토하였다. 또 다른 조절요인으로 혁신의 채택이 근본적인 조직변화를 요구하는지의 여부, 핵심부 인력의 변화를 요구하는지의 여부를 검토하였다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본 연구의 제도이론에 대한 잠재적 공헌, 연구의 한계, 그리고 미래 연구방향을 제시하였다. This paper proposes empirically testable hypotheses regarding the effects of the attributes of innovation on its diffusion. Based on the review of extant literature, this study suggests that “politically efficient,” and “symbolically efficient” innovations will have high diffusion rates. First, politically efficient innovation is defined to be one that satisfies interest of strong external stakeholders or interest of inside power coalition of an organization. We hypothesize that when the external stakeholder promoting the diffusion of an innovation shields a greater power on organizations and a strong will to coerce its adoption to those organizations, the innovation will diffuse faster. Also, we propose that an innovation strengthening the power basis of extant power coalition will diffuse faster than the innovation weakening it. Second, symbolically efficient innovation is defined to be one that enhances reputation and modern image of adopting organizations. We propose that an innovation designed and used by organizations with high social status, an innovation recommended by prestigious professional association, or an innovation contributing social progress and justice will diffuse faster. We also suggest that an innovation closely related to existing practices or an innovation that was reinvented from existing dominant practices will exhibit higher diffusion rates. Third, this study investigates additional innovation attributes that moderate the effect of political and symbolic efficiency of an innovation on its diffusion. When the adoption and implementation of an innovation incurs a great deal of cost, organizations can give up its adoption even though the innovation is politically and symbolically efficient and thus the effects of political and symbolic efficiencies on innovation diffusion will become weaker. Specifically, we discuss the moderating effect of visibility of innovation adoption, easiness of decoupling innovation adoption from its implementation, and independence of an innovation from extant practices. Moreover, we suggest that adoption of an innovation that demands radical organizational change, or affects core organizational members will be costly. Thus, we propose the moderating effects of those attributes in innovation diffusion process. As future research directions, we suggest that future research can explore generalized diffusion model that can explain diffusion of both organizational innovations and technological innovations. Empirical research that can test hypotheses proposed in this paper will be valuable. Meta-analysis on extant diffusion literature can be the first step to empirically test those hypotheses. Other option is to collect diffusion data of diverse organizational innovations that exhibit varying diffusion rates and analyze the data by using innovation itself as a unit of analysis.

Innovation and Competition: The True Innovativeness of Innovation and Distance to Frontier

노정녀,서보영 한국경제연구학회 2014 Korea and the World Economy Vol.15 No.2

In the literature on innovation and competition, consideration of the ‘innovativeness’ of innovation has been neglected. This paper investigates the relationship between innovation and competition conditional on the innovativeness of innovation and the distance to frontier. We measure the innovativeness of innovation by analyzing whether it is a new-to-the-market innovation or a new-to-the-firm innovation. Further, we develop a new measure of firms’ technological level using firms’ main objective of innovation. Using a dataset from surveys of Korean manufacturing firms from 2002 to 2004, this paper finds that the relationship between competition and innovation is conditional on both the quality of innovation and distance to frontier. The results are: (1) frontiers are more likely to innovate than technological laggard firms, (2) competition has an inverted-U shape relation with new to the market innovation, while there is no such relation with new to the firm only innovation, (3) the inverted-U shape relation between competition and innovation is driven by frontiers, not followers or laggards, and (4) new to the market innovation and R&D expenditure show a similar pattern of an inverted-U shape relation with competition, while new to the firm only innovation and patents exhibit a similar pattern of no relation with competition.

Henderson & Clark의 혁신 유형 프레임워크에 대한 질적 연구

김미리,김길선 한국산업경영학회 2017 한국산업경영학회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

Innovation has been the critical issues for firms in a rapidly chaining market environment and many firms try to make the innovation. However, the probability of the successful innovation is very faint. The reason why firms has only been focused on developing new technology, not linking to innovation strategy. Even the typology of innovation is best well-known in innovation literature, many related works has been studied a single case study with one type of innovation. This study is to verify the reliable typology of innovation proposed by Henderson and Clark (1990) using content analysis. The result is that the PRL value is satisfied with the minimum criteria in the analysis. Thus, the four types of innovation proposed by Henderson & Clark is reliable to use for classifying the innovation. The results provided the innovation strategic side that it will be used as an analysis framework to find out various innovative waves in marketplace and to establish new goals for developing the types of innovation away from a single point of innovation type view. In addition, characteristics of innovation types help to decide the effective market entry and product positioning in a marketplace at product commercialization stage.

Innovation Types and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing Firms

Keun Jae Lee,Sang Mok Kang 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2007 Global economic review Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to investigate productivity growth according to three types of innovation: product innovation, product improvement, and process innovation, using firm-level data from the Korea Innovation Survey 2002 about Korean manufacturing companies. This study is conducted in two steps. The first step measures firm-level Malmquist productivity index by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The second step estimates econometric regression models by weighted least square utilizing the productivity index as a dependent variable and each of the innovation types and other characteristics of firms as independent variables. The empirical results partly support the idea that the types of innovation matter in productivity growth. Specifically, process innovation may result in higher productivity performance than product innovation in the short run. This result stems from the difference in efficiency growth when productivity growth is decomposed into two components: efficiency growth and technical growth. That is, product innovation by definition involves product development and radical innovation and so, it can deteriorate efficiency growth relative to other types of innovation due to the process of product development and the adjustments that are needed to new innovations whereas process innovation is implemented to reduce defects, lead time, costs and other factors, and as such is very efficiency orientated. Consequently it helps improve efficiency growth.