Technical and economic potential of highly efficient boiler technologies in the Korean industrial sector

Park, Nyun-Bae,Park, Sang Yong,Kim, Jong-Jin,Choi, Dong Gu,Yun, Bo Yeong,Hong, Jong Chul Elsevier 2017 ENERGY Vol.121 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Energy saving potential and carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) reduction potential of boiler technologies in the Korean industrial sector up to 2035 were analyzed using The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) model based on bottom-up optimization. Final energy consumption by industrial indirect heating boilers in 2013 accounts for 7% of Korea's industrial energy consumption and 8% of the manufacturing sector's consumption. Energy consumption of industrial indirect heating boilers is expected to increase about 25% in the baseline scenario between 2013 and 2035. Technical potential against the baseline scenario by deploying only the most efficient technologies in new installation demand is 7.9% for energy saving and 20.7% for CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction by 2035. The most efficient technologies by boiler technology types were gas-fired super boilers. Economic potential against the baseline scenario through market competition between existing and high efficient technologies is 5.6% for energy saving and 6.1% for CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction by 2035. CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction potential is higher than energy-saving potential because fuel substitution toward gas was added to the energy-saving effect due to efficiency improvement. Research and development, information disclosure, regulation, and incentives for high-efficiency boiler technologies are necessary to realize technical potential as well as economic potential in industrial indirect heating.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We analyze technical and economic potential of highly efficient boilers in Korea. </LI> <LI> Energy saving potential is 7.9% technically and 5.6% economically by 2035. </LI> <LI> CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction potential is 20.7% technically and 6.1% economically by 2035. </LI> <LI> Gas-fired super boiler will be the dominant technology in the mid- to long-term. </LI> </UL> </P>

노후보일러 유해인자 발굴 및 사고예방에 관한 연구

사민형,우인성 한국가스학회 2019 한국가스학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Large-scale industrial boilers operating at high temperature and high pressure, have a large amount of water, and a large amount of energy is released at the time of explosion. Currently, most industrial boilers use gas fuel such as LNG and LPG, etc. and fuel exists in the same space as equipment, so there is a high possibility of secondary damage such as fire or explosion in the event of a boiler accident. Both special care and management are required to operate the very dangerous equipment that causes casualty 2.51 per accident. For boilers of a certain size or more, the Korea Energy Agency conducts inspections in accordance with the Energy Usage Rationalization Act, KS, and public notice of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Resources. In this research, based on the results of the inspection, the hazard factorss are configured, and a questionnaire is conducted to the inspector, the equipment manager, the maintenance person, and the person in charge of the manufacturer. We analyzed the results by using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). As a result of analysis, generally recognized hazard factorss are not good management, measurement failure, specification failure, water leak, leak analysis, but connection, welding, scale, and corrosion, etc. are relatively less important. It is judged that the adverse factors that are recognized to be highly important among all groups and careers are already well managed, but less important and adverse factors should be well managed to ensure that the safe usage of the boiler. 큰 규모의 산업용 보일러는 고온, 고압을 이용하는 설비이며, 보유수량이 많아 폭발시 엄청난 에너지가 방출된다. 현재 산업용 보일러는 대부분이 LNG, LPG 등의 가스연료를 사용하고 있고, 연료가 설비와 같은 공간에 존재하기 때문에 보일러 사고 발생시 화재, 폭발 등 2차 피해 가능성이 높다. 뿐만 아니라 단위 사고당 2.51명의 사상자를발생시키는 대단히 위험한 설비로 운영에 특별한 주의와 관리가 필요하다. 일정 규모 이상의 보일러는 에너지이용합리화법, KS, 산업통상자원부 고시 등에 따라 한국에너지공단에서 검사를 실시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 검사 결과 불합격 사항을 바탕으로 위험인자를 구성하고, 검사원, 기기 관리자, 유지보수 담당자, 제조업체 담당자에게 설문을 실시하여 보일러 안전관리에 중요하게 판단하는 기준을 AHP(계층분석방법)을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과공통적으로 인식하고 있는 위험인자는 관리소홀, 계측기 고장, 규격미달, 누수, 누설로 분석되었고, 접속, 용접, 스케일, 부식 등은 상대적 중요성이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 집단과 경력에서 중요성이 높다고 인식하고 있는위험인자는 이미 관리가 잘 되고 있다고 판단되나, 중요성이 낮게 분석된 위험인자는 관리누수가 발생되지 않도록하여 보일러를 안전하게 사용할 수 있도록 해야 한다.

선단 예혼합 연소기의 성능 특성

권승진(Seung-jin Kwon),신명철(Myoung-chul Shin),김세원(Se-won Kim),이창엽(Chang-yeop Lee) 한국연소학회 2009 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.39

The objective of this research is to determine generally applicable design principles for the development of low NOx burner which is used for high efficiency industrial boiler. In case of the high efficiency industrial boiler, combustion chamber is smaller than that of general boiler. So furnace volume heat release rate is relatively high. The experimental study has been mainly motivated to obtain generally applicable design for the Rapid Mix Combustor. It is the design concept of the front premixed burner that fuel and air are mixed near the ignition point. And strong internal recirculation zone, which is caused by high swirling flow, is developed on the centerline of the flame. By the combustion product in the boiler furnace recirculated into the flame, peak flame temperature is suppressed, and flame temperature gradient is nearly uniform. According to this, thermal NOx and prompt NOx formation is simultaneously minimized.

중유 싱글 버너 수관식 보일러에서의 합성가스 혼합연소 특성 연구

최신영,양동진,방병열,양원 한국수소및신에너지학회 2010 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5

This study is aimed to investigate changes of combustion characteristics and heat efficiency when syngas from gasification process using low-rank fuel such as waste and/or biomass is applied partially to an industrial boiler. An experimental study on syngas co-combustion was performed in a 0.7 MW (1 ton steam/hr) water tube boiler using heavy oil as a main fuel. Three kinds of syngas were used as an alternative fuel: mixture gas of pure carbon monoxide and hydrogen, syngas of low calorific value generated from an air-blown gasification process, and syngas of high calorific value produced from an oxygen-blown gasification process. Effects of co-combustion ratio (0~20%) for each syngas on flue gas composition were investigated through syngas injection through the nozzles installed in the side wall of the boiler and measuring O2, CO2, CO and NOx concentrations in the flue gas. When syngas co-combustion was applied, injected syngas was observed to be burned completely and NOx concentration was decreased because nitrogen-containing-heavy oil was partially replaced by the syngas. However, heat efficiency of the boiler was observed to be decreased due to inert compounds in the syngas and the more significant decrease was found when syngas of lower calorific value was used. However, the decrease of the efficiency was under 10% of the heat replacement by syngas.

바이오중유 사용에 따른 배출가스 저감 특성 연구

이민호(Min-Ho Lee),박진성(Jin-sung Park),노경하(Kyeong-Ha Noh),김종렬(Jong-Ryeol Kim) 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.12

As the interest on the air pollution is gradually rises at home and abroad, fuel and engine, boiler researchers have been working on the exhaust and greenhouse gas emission reduction from engine and boiler through a lot of approaches, which consist of new device design, innovative after-treatment systems (Scrubber, SCR, DPF et al.), using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research has brought forward two main issues : exhaust emissions (regulated and non-regulated emissions, PM particle matter, SO<SUB>x</SUB>) and greenhouse gases of engine and boiler. Exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases of engine and boiler had many problem that cause of ambient pollution, health effects. In order to reduce these emissions, new regulations have been created and applied in each countries. In this study, the characteristics of exhaust gas emitted when bio-fuel oil is used in marine engines and industrial boilers was studied. Compared to heavy oil, bio-fuel oil has been shown to have excellent environmental improvement effects such as reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, fine dust and greenhouse gases in the exhaust gas. As a result of this, there is a need to review bio-fuel oil as a marine and industrial alternative fuel in order to cope with the regulation of sulfur content and reduction of greenhouse gases.

보일러용 저NOx 연소기 설계 기술

권민준(Minjun Kwon),김세원(Sewon Kim) 대한설비공학회 2022 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

This study is aimed to find design parameters of industrial boiler burners. The designed burner uses partial premixed technology, FGR(Flue Gas Recirculation) technology, and FIR(Flue gas Internal Recirculation) technology. In this study, experiments were performed on the effect of FGR and FIR technologies on NOx reduction and design parameters. Case of FIR combustors, air velocity condition is the dominant design parameter, indicating that the influencing factor is flame stability. The designed burner performance test is carried out with industrial fire tube boiler. The results are the NOx concentration is below 14ppm and CO concentration is below 10ppm at full load.

2단 다공성 매체버너에서 열교환기를 모사한 수관 유무에 따른 연소 특성 비교

이희도,김재현,이기만 한국가스학회 2019 한국가스학회지 Vol.23 No.5

In this study, the experimental studies were conducted to analyzing characteristics of combustion and flame stabilizing according to with and without water tube in boiler. The burner has consisted of SiC foam where has the location of submerged flame between a ceramic board acting as flash-back arrestor. Porous burner is also insulated to minimize heat loss in the radial direction. In the condition of fixed equivalence ratio, the flame mode was divided into three stability zones by the flow rate. The main factor for blow-off and flash-back depends on mixture flow rate. Consequently, the case of burner with water-tube has higher NOx emissions than without case. This result explains that the presence of water-tube makes the heat loss resistant to ambient temperature with increasing of NOx. This tendency was proved by predicting the relationship between O2 emission and NO production rate, and by analysing temperature profiles. 본 연구에서는 수관식 보일러의 열교환기를 모사하기 위하여 수관의 존재 유무에 따른 화염의 안정화와 연소 특성을 당량비와 유속에 따라 비교하였다. 버너는 화염이 존재하는 SiC foam과 역화 방지를 위한 세라믹 보드, 균일한유동장을 형성하는 알루미나 볼로 구성되며, 반경 반향의 열 손실을 최소화하기 위하여 단열재로 밀폐되어 있다. 결과적으로 수관이 존재하는 경우 낮은 당량비 구간에서 역화 및 날림 현상의 경계가 넓어지는 것을 안정화 영역에서 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 수관이 존재하는 경우 NOx 배출량이 수관이 없는 경우보다 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 수관이 존재함으로써 열 손실을 억제하여 화염의 온도가 증가하는 것으로 판단하였으며, O2 배출량과 화염의 온도를 예측하여 입증하였다.

Analysis of Emission Characteristics and Emission Factors of Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Oxide Emitted from Wood Pellet Combustion in Industrial Wood Pellet Boilers Supplied According to the Subsidy Program of Korea Forest Service(산림청 지원사업에 따라 보급된 산업용 목재펠릿보일러에서 목재펠릿 연소 시 배출되는 일산화탄소와 질소산화물의 배출 특성 및 배출계수 분석)

( Sea Byul Kang ),( Kyu Sung Choi ),( Hyun Hee Lee ),( Gyu-seong Han ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.5

산림청은 보조금 지원사업을 통해 2011년부터 2015년까지 76대의 산업용 목재펠릿보일러를 보급하였다. 보일러의 연소 시 발생하는 일산화탄소(CO) 및 질소산화물(NO_x)는 각각 급성 중독 시 사망에까지 이르게 하는 물질이기 때문에 배출량을 줄이는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 이들 보일러 중 열풍기와 초기에 보급된 일부 보일러를 제외한 63대의 보일러에서 배출된 CO 및 NO_x 계측값을 분석하였다. 또한 측정된 배출가스 농도(배기가스 O₂ 농도 12% 기준)로부터 배출계수를 산출하였다. 산업용 목재펠릿보일러에서 배출된 CO의 평균값은 49 ppm이었으며, 해를 거듭함에 따라 CO의 농도가 줄어들고 있음이 확인되었다. 이때 CO의 배출계수는 0.73 g/kg였다. 산업용 목재펠릿보일러에서 배출된 NO_x의 평균값은 67 ppm였으며, NO_x의 배출계수는 1.63 g/kg이었다. CO와는 달리 설치년도에 따라 감소하는 경향은 나타나지 않았다. CO 및 NO_x 계측값은 모두 환경부의 허용기준을 만족하였다. 이러한 NO_x 배출계수를 저NO_x 인증된 연소기에서 생성되는 NO_x 배출계수와 비교하였다. 산업용 목재펠릿보일러의 NO_x 배출계수는 저NO_x 인증된 LNG 연소기의 NO_x 배출계수에 비해 약 1.9배, 석탄 연소에 비해 약 0.92배였다. Korea Forest Service has supplied 76 industrial wood pellet boilers from 2011 to 2015 through subsidy programs. Since carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) generated during boiler combustion are substances that lead to death in the case of acute poisoning, it is very important to reduce emissions. Therefore, the CO and NO_x emission values of 63 boilers excluding the hot air blower and some boilers initially supplied were analyzed. The emission factor was also calculated from the measured exhaust gas concentration (based on exhaust gas O₂ concentration of 12%). The average value of CO emitted from industrial wood pellet boilers was 49 ppm and it was confirmed that the CO concentration was decreasing as the years passed. The emission factor of CO was 0.73 g/kg. The average value of NO_x emitted from industrial wood pellet boilers was 67 ppm and the emission factor of NO_x was 1.63 g/kg. Unlike CO, there was no tendency to decrease according to the installation year. Both CO and NO_x measurements met the limits of the Ministry of Environment. These NO_x emission factors were compared with the NO_x emission factors produced by certified low NO_x burners. The NO_x emission factor of industrial wood pellet boilers was about 1.9 times that of certified low NO_x LNG combustors and about 0.92 times that of coal combustion.

열사용기자재 검사대상기기(산업용 보일러) 검사결과를 활용한 안전 및 성능 취약점 분석

김형준,오충현 한국가스학회 2022 한국가스학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The Korean government is conducting heat-using equipment(industrial boiler) inspection in ac- cordance with the Energy Use Rationalization Act because of the heat-using equipment(industrial boiler)’s risks such as explosion and fire, and safe use and management. This paper aimed to setup the safe and perform- ance vulnerabilities from database based on the inspection results for heat-using equipment(industrial boiler). This study surveyed the inspection results of 1,249 heat-using equipment(industrial boiler) which were failed inspection of heat-using equipment(industrial boiler) from january 2016 to december 2020. And the analysis method is to inform safety and performance vulnerability categories of heat-using equipment(industrial boiler) by statistically analyzing the failure reasons of boiler type and inspection type which are high variance in fail- ure rate. The safety and performance vulnerability categories was abbreviated into 18 cases. And each cata- gory's main reason for failure was suggested by additional analyzing the opinions of inspectors. This paper would be the basic source and the comprehensive information dealing with the safety and performance vulner- ability of heat-using equipment(industrial boiler). 한국 정부는 열사용기자재(산업용 보일러)의 폭발, 화재에 대한 위험과 안전한 사용 및 관리를 고려하여 에너지이용합리화법에 따라 열사용 기자재(산업용 보일러) 검사를 수행하고 있다. 이 연구는 열사용기자재(산 업용 보일러)에 대한 검사 결과 데이터를 통해 안전 및 성능 취약점을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 2016년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지의 열사용기자재(산업용 보일러) 불합격 검사결과인 1,249건을 조사하였다. 연구방법은 불합격률 분산 수치가 높은 보일러 타입별 불합격 사유와 검사 방법별 불합격 사유를 통계적으로 분석하는 것이다. 안전 및 성능 취약점 카테고리는 18가지로 축약되었으며, 각 카데코리별 주요 불합격 원인 은 검사원들의 의견을 추가 분석하여 제안하였다. 이 연구가 열사용기자재(산업용 보일러)의 안전 및 성능 취약점을 다루는데 기초 자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

사업장폐기물 소각시설의 에너지 회수효율 향상방안 연구- 분리형 보일러를 중심으로 -

유하녕,고영재,권영현,전태완,이영기,강준구 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2018 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In the past, the role of incineration facilities was mainly to reduce waste and stabilize disposed material. However, asa key aspect of waste management policy, the concept of “waste Minimization and sustainable resource circulation society”has become an issue, and the effective use of waste has been emphasized. As a result, to promote the recycling of wastesfrom January 1, 2018, the Framework Act on Resource Circulation has been implemented. In this study, estimation factorsthat can affect the increase of energy recovery are selected by reviewing the estimation method of industrial wasteincineration facilities having a separate boiler; moreover, the effect of calculation factors on energy recovery wasquantitatively evaluated. According to this study, when the heat loss, condensate temperature, and power consumptiondecrease by 10%, the energy recovery of the target facilities increase by 0.4% (0.22 ~ 0.63%), 1.09% (0.57 ~ 1.32%), and1.16% (0.52 ~ 2.13%) on an average.