A Fast Immune Recognition Model based on Immune Response

Yuan Tao,Min Hu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.11

This paper proposes a fast immune recognition model based on immune response. Inspired by biological immune system, AIS for anomaly detection has been adopted widely because of its analogy with body resistance in the immune system provided against agents which causes diseases. This paper mainly studies correspondence between immune response and anomaly detection. Compared with traditional AIS, the change of antigen type is judged by statistical techniques, which ignores the differences of the different systems. Antibody recognition is initiated by the proposed model only when the type of antigen has changed, which improves the efficiency of the algorithm. Complexity analysis shows the proposed algorithm is a linear algorithm. The usefulness of the proposed model is demonstrated through experiments. The experiments illustrate the availability and feasibility of the model.

Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Era of Precision Medicine: What Radiologists Should Know

Marta Braschi-Amirfarzan,Sree Harsha Tirumani,Frank Stephen Jr. Hodi,Mizuki Nishino 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.1

Over the past five years immune-checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape of advanced solid and hematologic malignancies. The currently approved immune-checkpoint inhibitors include antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1 and PD-L2). Response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors is evaluated on imaging using the immune-related response criteria. Activation of immune system results in a unique toxicity profile termed immune-related adverse events. This article will review the molecular mechanism, clinical applications, imaging of immune-related response patterns and adverse events associated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

Analysis of Immune Responses Against Nucleocapsid Protein of the Hantaan Virus Elicited by Virus Infection or DNA Vaccination

Gyu-Jin Woo,Eun-Young Chun,Keun Hee Kim,Wankee Kim 한국미생물학회 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.6

Even though neutralizing antibodies against the Hantaan virus (HTNV) has been proven to be critical against viral infections, the cellular immune responses to HTNV are also assumed to be important for viral clearance. In this report, we have examined the cellular and humoral immune responses against the HTNV nucleocapsid protein (NP) elicited by virus infection or DNA vaccination. To examine the cellular immune response against HTNV NP, we used H-2Kb restricted T-cell epitopes of NP. The NPspecific CD8+ T cell response was analyzed using a 51Cr-release assay, intracellular cytokine staining assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay and tetramer binding assay in C57BL/6 mice infected with HTNV. Using these methods, we found that HTNV infection elicited a strong NP-specific CD8+ T cell response at eight days after infection. We also found that several different methods to check the NPspecific CD8+ T cell response showed a very high correlation among analysis. In the case of DNA vaccination by plasmid encoding nucleocapsid gene, the NP-specific antibody response was elicited 2 ~ 4 weeks after immunization and maximized at 6~8 weeks. NP-specific CD8+ T cell response reached its peak 3 weeks after immunization. In a challenge test with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NP (rVV-HTNV-N), the rVV-HTNV-N titers in DNA vaccinated mice were decreased about 100-fold compared to the negative control mice.

소화성 위장질환에 사용하는 Cimetidine , Ranitidine , Proglumide 및 Clebopride 의 면역반응조절

김대곤(Dae Ghon Kim),허영상(Yeong Sang Heo),안관용(Kwan Yong Ahn),이용기(Yong Gi Lee),안득수(Deuk Su Ahn) 대한내과학회 1987 대한내과학회지 Vol.33 No.1

N/A It has been reported that among many drugs used for the treatment of peptic gastrointestinal disorder, a few drugs exerts a variety of modulating effects on immune responsiveness. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of four of the drugs on immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Four drugs used in this experiment are cimetidine, a imidazole derivative of histamine type 2 (H₂) receptor antagonist; ranitidine, a furan derivative of H₂, antagonist; proglumide, a gastrin antagonist; and clebopride, a dopamine antagonist. Mice were pretreated with daily oral administration of varying concentration of each drugs for 30 days and were immunized with 10(8) SRBC. Each mouse was challenged 4 days after the sensitization, Immune response were evaluated by measuring footpad swelling reaction at 3 hr (Arthus reaction) and 24hr (delayed type hypersensitivity, DTH) after challenge, rosette forming reaction, hemagglutinin (HA) and hemolysine (HE) titers to SRBC. The pretreatment of mice with cimetidine inhibited Arthus and rosette forming reactions, but enhanced DTH to SRBC. The pretreatment of mice with proglumide suppressed both DTH and rosette forming reaction. The pretreatment of mice with clebopride enhanced DTH, but decreased rosette forming reaction. In contrast to cellular immune response, there was not any significant difference between the drug treated and untreated control groups in HA and HE reactions. These results suggest that cimetidine, ranitidine and clebopride enhance cellular immune response, but proglumide suppress the above response and all of the drugs do not significantly change the humoral immune response.

CpG embedded DNA microparticles for stimulating immune response

김다정,김혜진,이종범 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0

Targeted and strong immune stimulation to antigens have been applied to cure immune-related diseases using adjuvants. CpG have been known as nucleic acid-based adjuvant to evoke the adaptive immune response by activating immune cells. To use CpG as an effective adjuvant, CpG should be delivered to immune cells specifically and stably. Here, we have synthesized a novel type of CpG embedded microparticle (CpG-MP) as an immunostimulant. DNA strands bearing CpG were elongated and self-assembled into homogeneous micronsized CpG-MP via complementary rolling circle amplification. CpG-MP released CpGs in phagolysosome mimicking condition and kept its structure in serum condition. Macrophage could readily swallow CpG-MP through phagocytosis without additional carriers, followed by the expression of cytokines. Further in vivo test, CpG-MP-1.0 could arise OVA-specific immune response. Altogether, CpG-MP could be used as a stimulator for induction strong adaptive immune response.

Application of Apoptogenic Pretreatment to Enhance Anti-tumor Immunity of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-secreting CT26 Tumor Cells

Jun, Do-Youn,Jaffee, Elizabeth M,Kim, Young-Ho The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2005 Immune Network Vol.5 No.2

Background: As an attempt to develop a strategy to improve the protective immune response to GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (GM-CSF/CT26) tumor vaccine, we have investigated whether the apoptogenic treatment of GM-CSF/CT26 prior to vaccination enhances the induction of anti-tumor immune response in mouse model. Methods: A carcinogeninduced mouse colorectal tumor, CT26 was transfected with GM-CSF gene using a retroviral vector to generate GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (CT26/GM-CSF). The CT26/GM-CSF was treated with ${\gamma}$-irradiation or mitomycin C to induce apoptosis and vaccinated into BALB/c mice. After 7 days, the mice were injected with a lethal dose of challenge live CT26 cells to examine the protective effect of tumor vaccination in vivo. Results: Although both apoptotic and necrotic CT26/GM-CSF vaccines were able to enhance anti-tumor immune response, apoptotic CT26/GM-CSF induced by pretreatment with ${\gamma}$-irradiation (50,000 rads) was the most potent in generating the anti-tumor immunity, and thus 100% of mice vaccinated with the apoptotic cells remained tumor free for more than 60 days after tumor challenge. Conclusion: Apoptogenic pretreatment of GM-CSF-secreting CT26 tumor vaccine by ${\gamma}$-irradiation (50,000 rads) resulted in a significant enhancement in inducing the protective anti-tumor immunity. A rapid induction of apoptosis of CT26/GM-CSF tumor vaccine at the vaccine site might be critical for the enhancement in anti-tumor immune response to tumor vaccine.

Immune response induced by the TAT-conjugated influenza M2e in mice

박형록,이중복,박승용,송창선,이상원,최인수 한국예방수의학회 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) of influenza virus appears to be a promising vaccine candidate because its sequence is highly conserved among virus strains. However, M2e is too meager to induce a strong immune response by itself. Several approaches are being used to increase the antigenicity of M2e. In an effort to enhance the M2e-specific immune response, we generated a TAT-conjugated M2e recombinant protein. Seven-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into three groups and transcutaneously immunized with 100 μg TAT-8×M2e (TAT conjugated with eight copies of M2e) and 8×M2e (eight copies of M2e) proteins on days 1, 15 and 29. The control mice were injected with PBS on the same days. Antibody titers specific for M2e were measured using indirect ELISA. Mice immunized with the TAT-8×M2e and 8×M2e proteins developed almost the same levels of M2e-specific total IgG and IgG1 antibodies. However, a higher level of M2e-specific IgG2a was observed in mice immunized with TAT-8×M2e than in those immunized with 8×M2e. These results suggest that TAT has an adjuvant effect that induces a Th1-type immune response. Therefore, the TAT-M2e vaccine can be applied to animals as a new influenza vaccine for enhancement of Th1-type immune responses.

대학 농구선수들의 시즌 전ㆍ후와 경기 중 면역스트레스 반응의 변화

김성진(SungJinKim),신윤아(YunAShin) 한국체육학회 2011 한국체육학회지 Vol.50 No.6

본 연구는 대학 농구선수들의 시즌 전·후와 경기 중 면역-스트레스 반응의 변화를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 본 연구는 대한농구협회에 소속되어 있는 남자 대학농구선수 7명(21.71±1.11세)을 대상으로 실시하였다. 시즌 전·후의 sIgA수준의 변화는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 경기 중 sIgA 수준은 경기 전에 비하여 경기 후 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.01). 시즌 전·후의 타액 코티졸 수준의 변화는 오후 8시에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<.01). 경기 전 타액 코티졸 수준은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 경기 중 타액 코티졸 수준은 경기 전에 비하여 하프타임(p<.001)과 후반종료 후(p<.001)에 유의하게 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 시즌 전·후의 타액 DHEA 수준의 변화는 오후 12시와 오후 8시에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<.05). 경기 전 타액 DHEA 수준은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 경기 중 타액 DHEA 수준은 경기 전에 비하여 하프타임(p<.01)과 경기 후(p<.01)에 유의하게 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과 면역-스트레스 반응은 시즌 전에 비하여 시즌 후 전체적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 경기 전 면역반응은 감소하고 스트레스 반응은 증가하였으며, 경기 중 면역-스트레스 반응 모두 증가한 것으로 나타났다. This study was to clarify the effects of basketball games and seasons on the immune-stress responses in college basketball players. Total 7 male college basketball players (21.71±1.11yrs) belong to the KBA (Korea Basketball Association) participated in this study. There was no significant difference regarding change in the concentration of saliva IgA before and after the basketball season. The change in the concentration of saliva IgA during the game, the level of concentration increased significantly during after the game, compared to the level just before the game(p<.01). Comparing the concentration of saliva cortisol before and after the basketball season, it was found that the level of concentration tended to decrease after the basketball season and a significant difference was shown at PM 20:00(p<.01). The level of cortisol declined on the day of the game has no significant difference. The change in the concentration of saliva cortisol during the game, the level of concentration increased significantly during halftime and after the game, compared to the level just before the game(p<.001). With regard to change in the concentration of saliva DHEA before and after the basketball season, it was found that the concentration tended to decline and there were significant differences at PM 12:00 and at PM 20:00(p<.05). Regarding change in the concentration of saliva DHEA during the game, the level of concentration increased significantly during halftime and after the game, compared to the level just before the game(p<.01). According to results of this study, the immune response and stress hormone change were lowered after the basketball season. Moreover, the immune response decreased and the stress response increased before the game, and the immune-stress response increased during game.

봉약침요법의 면역반응에 관한 임상적 연구

권기록,고형균,Kwon, Gi-Rok,Koh, Hyung-Kyun 대한침구의학회 2000 대한침구의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The immune response of Bee Venom Therapy is commonly appear in clinics. It is whole body delayed allergy type and generally like fatigue. Therefore, in order to analysis the clinical form, we have observed immune response of 100 patients who visited Sangji University Oriental Medical Hospital and treated Bee Venom Therapy over 10 times from November 1998 to October 1999. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The distribution of Sex was 60 females, 40 males, and the average of patients age was $50.6{\pm}1.5years$. 2. The distribution of disease was degenerative arthritis, HIVD of L-spine, RA, etc. 3. The total treated time is 2765 and is observed 361 immume responses. 4. The average of keeping time in immume response is $11.8{\pm}0.6(hr)$, and the cases of over 24hrs is occupied 24.0%. 5. In the correlation between treated times and immume response is generally in inverse proportion. 6. The general aspect of immume response is chilling, heating, powerless, headache, dizziness, etc. 7. $M{\ddot{u}}ller$ Grade II-III was observed only 1%.

The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulatory T Cells and in the Immune Response

하대유 대한면역학회 2011 Immune Network Vol.11 No.1

The discovery of microRNA (miRNA) is one of the major scientific breakthroughs in recent years and has revolutionized current cell biology and medical science. miRNAs are small (19∼25nt) noncoding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for degradation of translation repression. Genetic ablation of the miRNA machinery, as well as loss or degradation of certain individual miRNAs, severely compromises immune development and response, and can lead to immune disorders. Several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms are used to maintain immune homeostasis. Regulatory T (Treg)cells are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent publications have provided compelling evidence that miRNAs are highly expressed in Treg cells, that the expression of Foxp3 is controlled by miRNAs and that a range of miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immunity. A large number of studies have reported links between alterations of miRNA homeostasis and pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as psychiatric and neurological diseases. Although it is still unclear how miRNA controls Treg cell development and function, recent studies certainly indicate that this topic will be the subject of further research. The specific circulating miRNA species may also be useful for the diagnosis,classification, prognosis of diseases and prediction of the therapeutic response. An explosive literature has focussed on the role of miRNA. In this review, I briefly summarize the current studies about the role of miRNAs in Treg cells and in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. I also review the explosive current studies about clinical application of miRNA.