수종의 불소함유 수복재의 불소 유리 및 재충전

이동연,김종수,한미란,신지선 대한소아치과학회 2020 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.47 No.2

The aim of the study is to compare the fluoride release and recharge properties of glass ionomer cements and ‘alkasite’. Specimens of two glass ionomer cements (Fuji Ⅸ GP and Riva Self Cure), ‘alkasite’ restorative material (Cention N) and composite resin (FiltekTM Z350XT) were prepared. The fluoride release of each specimen was measured for 28 days. Thereafter, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was applied to experimental groups. No treatment was performed on control groups. The fluoride release was measured for additional 7 days to evaluate the fluoride recharge properties of each materials. The fluoride release was highest in Riva Self Cure, followed by Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N (p < 0.05). Fluoride release of Cention N was measured to be approximately 49% of Fuji Ⅸ GP’s. After the application of 1.23% APF gel, increases in fluoride release were observed in Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP and Cention N (p < 0.05). Fluoride recharge was observed in Cention N as well as in glass ionomer cements. Further studies are required to evaluate the anti-cariogenic properties of Cention N at clinical conditions. 이 연구는 두 종류의 글라스 아이오노머와 ‘alkasite’ 계열 수복재의 불소 유리 및 재충전 양상을 비교, 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 글라스 아이오노머 Fuji Ⅸ GP와 Riva Self Cure, ‘alkasite’ 수복재인 Cention N, 복합레진 FiltekTM Z350XT의 시편을 직경 10.0 mm, 높이 2.0 mm의 원반 형태로 제작하였다. 총 28일간 불소 유리량을 측정한 이후, 각 재료별로 시편을 두 군으로 분류하였다. 실험군에는1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) gel을 1분간 도포하고, 이후 7일간의 불소 유리량 측정을 통해 대조군과 비교하여 각 재료의 불소 재충전 여부를 평가하였다. 불소 유리량은 Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N의 순으로 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). Cention N의 불소 유리량은 Fuji Ⅸ GP의 약49% 수준으로 측정되었다. 또한, Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N에서 1.23% APF gel의 도포 후 불소 유리량의 증가가 관찰되어(p < 0.05), 글라스 아이오노머뿐 아니라 Cention N에서도 불소의 재충전 양상이 확인되었다.

글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 불소함유 레진의 불소유리에 관한 연구

김미경,이기수 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.3

불소를 유리하는 치과재료인 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 불소함유 레진을 대상으로 경화후의 시간경과에 따른 1일간 불소유리량을 측정하고, 이들의 경시적 변화추세를 비교 검토하기 위하여 광중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트로서 치과교정용 브라켓 접착제(Orthobond)와 충전용(Fuji GC LC), 자가중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트로서 충전용(Fuji GC II)과 아말감 합금이 첨가된 충전용(Miracle-Mix) 및 광중합형 불소함유 충전용 레진(Heliomolar)을 실험재료로 하여 중합 1일, 3일, 7일, 14일, 42일, 70일 경과후 각각 불소유리량을 측정하고, 변화추세를 비교 검토하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 불소함유 레진의 1일간 불소유리량은 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트에 비해 현저히 적었다. 2. 중합 70일 경과후 1일간 불소유리량은 Miracle-Mix는 평균 3.4㎍/㎠, Fuji GC II가 평균 2.7㎍/㎠,Orthobond가 평균 2.3㎍/㎠, Fuji GG LC이 평균 1.4㎍/㎠였고, 불소함유 레진인 Heliomolar은 평균 0.1㎍/㎠이었다. 3. 1일간 불소유리량은 자가중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 광중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트사이에 차이를 발견할 수 없었고, 제조회사의 제품에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 아말감 합금이 첨가된 Micracle-Mix은 아말감 합금이 첨가되지 않은 다른 시멘트에 비해 현저히 많은 양의 불소를 유리하였다. 4. 모든 실험재료의 1일간 불소유리량은 중합3일이전까지 현저한 감소를 보였고, 중합 3일경과이후 중합 14일 이전까지 완만한 감소를, 중합 14일이후부터 중합 70일경과까지 매우 완만한 감소추세를 보였다. In order to resolve enamel demineralization around orthodontic bracket, fluoride-releasing materials, glass ionomer cements and fluoride-containing resin, were introduced in orthodontic department. There were many studies about their fluoride release, but their results were controversial. The purpose of this study was to clarify the pattern and amounts of fluoride release from glass ionomer cements and a fluoride-containing resin during 70 days in vitro. Disc shaped specimens were prepared and immersed in polyethylene tube containing 2ml distilled deionized water. The daily amounts of the fluoride released from each specimens were after experiment 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 42 days and 70 days. They were measured by fluoride-specific electrode combined pH/Ion meter. The following results were as follow. 1. Fluorides released from fluoride-containing resin during 1 day were significantly less than those from glass ionomes cements. 2. On experiment 70 days, mean daily amount of fluoride released from Miracle-Mix were 3.4㎍/㎠, those from Fuji GC II were 2.7㎍/㎠, those from Orthobond were 2.3㎍/㎠. those from Fuji GC LC were 1.4㎍/㎠ and those from fluoride-containing resin, Heliomolar, were 0.1㎍/㎠. 3. There were no significant differences in daily amounts of fluoride released from between self-curing glass ionomer cements and light-curing glass ionomer cements. Amounts of released fluoride varied among commercially available products. 4. In all experimental materials. Amount of released fluoride decreased rapidly until experimental 3 days and then decreased slowly until 14 days and more slowly until 70 days.

국소적인 불소도포제재와 불소유리 치면열구전색재의 내산성 효과

박광균,이종갑,최병재,손동수,박기태,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

Sixty human premolar teeth were used for this in vitro study. After each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally, one half was used for the experimental group and the other half for the control. Three groups were made for each fluoride applying method and twenthy teeth were assigned to each group. Ten teeth were used for evaluating total fluoride amount and the other ten were used for firmly-bound fluoride. Fluorshield was used for fluoride-releasing sealant and 1.23% APF, 0.05% NaF were used for topical application fluorides. Each tooth was cleaned with a tooth brush using nonfluoride containing pumice before the experiment. In the sealant group, fluoroshield was applied to the enamel surface without etching procedure and stored in 37℃ saline for 30 days. After 30 days, sealant was removed with explorer without scratching the enamel surface and washed with distilled water and dried. In the APF group, each tooth was immersed in 1.23% APF for 30 min then washed and dried in the same manner. In the NaF group, each tooth was immersed in 0.05% NaF for 24 hours then washed and dried as described above. After each fluoride regimen was applied, ten teeth were randomly selected from each group and immersed in 1M KOH solution for 24 hours to remove loosely-bound fluoride possibly deposited by the three different fluorides applied. In each group, total fluoride amount deposited and the amount of enamel removed by acid biopsy were calculated. After loosely-bound fluoride was removed, firmly-bound fluoride deposited and the amount of enamel removed by acid biopsy were also calculated. Total fluoride amount deposition was significantly increased in the APF and NaF groups, but not in the sealant group. Amount of enamel removed by acid-biopsy was also significantly diminished in the APF and NaF groups, but not in the sealant group. After loosely-bound fluoride was removed from each groups, no statistical difference was found in the amount of firmly-bound fluoride in any groups. Also no effect of firmly-bound fluoride on enamel dissolution was shown in any group after loosely-bound fluoride was removed from each group. In conclusion, topical application method of APF or NaF is more effective than fluoride releasing sealant application to make CaF₂coating on enamel surface and CaF₂coating is the main source for anticariogenic effect of fluoride. However, longterm anticariogenic effect of fluoride-releasing sealant should be further evaluated.

시판 차 음료 속에 함유된 불소의 농도 측정 및 연령별 불소섭취량 추정

한동헌 ( Dong Hun Han ),이운정 ( Un Jung Lee ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),황수정 ( Su Jung Hwang ),김진범 ( Jin Bom Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2010 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fluoride concentrations of tea drinks which were commercially available in Korea in 2009 and to predict amount of daily fluoride intake from tea drink according to different age groups. Methods. The fluoride concentrations of 20 kinds of tea drinks were assessed by a fluoride ion selective electrode. The estimates of daily fluoride intake were assumed by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2005. Results. The fluoride concentrations of tea drinks were 0.03~1.72 ppm (mean 0.51 ppm). The calculated amount of daily fluoride intake which were supposed to drink all the sufficient water intake by tea drink of 1.72 ppm fluoride were over maximum intake of fluoride under 9 years olds and over sufficient intake of fluoride in all age groups. Those of 0.51 ppm fluoride were under maximum intake of fluoride in all age groups and over sufficient intake of fluoride under 5 months olds infants. Conclusions. Based on this study, most of the tea drink in Korea contained the appropriate concentration of fluoride. However, consuming some tea drink available in Korean market in large quantities may lead to exposion to a high amount of fluoride which may cause dental fluorosis in infants and young children. Although most of tea drinks are safer to consume, fluoride concentrations of some tea drinks are too low for caries prevention. In countries such as Korea where tea is traditionally consumed, the fluoride concentration and daily safety precautions should be indicated on tea products.

치과교정용 브라켓 접착제로서 불소함유 레진과 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 물성 평가

김경남,이진숙 大韓齒科器材學會 1994 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Decalcification of enamel is a significant clinical liability during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Fluoride-releasing resin adhesives are used to solve this problem but its bond strength and the amount of fluoride released have not been fully evaluated yet. And the interest in glass ionomer cement is growing as an adhesive releasing fluoride. But previous studies have indicated that lining glass ionomer cements have low bond strength. Thus, the shear tensile bond strength after 24 hours and after thermocycling and the amount of fluoride released for 40 days of experimental groups were evaluated and compared with those of the control group in this study. No-mix type resin adhesive(Mono-Lok 2) was used as a control, and resin cement with sealant releasing fluoride(Phase Ⅱ), fluoride-releasing light cured resin cement(Orthodontic Adhesive Bonding System), lining(Ketac-Cem), water-set filling(Chemfil Superior) and light-cured filling glass ionomer cement(Vitremer) were used as experimental groups. Results were as follows: 1. All adhesives in this study showed enough shear tensile bond strength to use clinically except Ketac-Cem. 2. After thermocycling, the shear tensile bond strength of Orthodontic Adhesive Bonding System and Chemfil Superior were significantly decreased, but that of Phase Ⅱ was increased. And those of Mono-Lok 2, Ketac-Cem and Vitremer were not significantly different from 24 hours(P<0.05). 3. As for adhesives releasing fluoride, the amount of fluoride released went down sharply for 10 days, and after 10 days it showed a little bit decrease. Phase Ⅱ didn't release fluoride after 10 days. 4. After 40 days, Chemfil Superior and Vitremer released significantly greater amount of fluoride than Orthodontic Adhesive Bonding System(P<0.01). According to the above results, it was considered that glass ionomer cements for filling materials were available to be used as orthodontic bracket adhesives. And they were more effective for releasing fluoride than fluoride-releasing resins.

Residual Analysis of Salivary Fluoride Concentration after Rinsing with Fluoride-containing Mouthwash Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Seoul-Hee Nam,Man-Seok Han 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.4

Fluoride compounds are major substances that inhibit the growth of oral bacteria, increase the hardness of the tooth surface, and promote recalcification. However, caution must be exercised regarding fluoride exposure, as it may cause side effects to the human body due to its toxicity if swallowed. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the residual amount of fluoride remaining in saliva after using mouthwashes containing high and low fluoride concentrations. After rinsing with five commercially available high-fluoride mouthwashes according to the manufacturer’s instructions, the fluoride concentration remaining in saliva was quantitatively evaluated over time through Fluorine (19F) NMR (magnetic field: 9.4 Tesla) immediately, 1 minute, and 2 minutes later. When gargling with DH 2000 ppm fluoride, the residual salivary fluoride content was 30.3960% immediately after gargling, 0.0041% after 1 minute, and 0.0020% (0.0401 ppm) after 2 minutes; when gargling with EB 1000 ppm, it was 16.5001 % immediately after gargling, 10.6269 % after 1 minute, and 0.0034% after 2 minutes; and when gargling with BS 1000 ppm, it was 17.1169 % immediately after gargling, 13.2337% after 1 minute, and 0.0019% (0.0188 ppm) after 2 minutes. When gargling with LIS 220 ppm, the residual salivary fluoride content was 56.3716 % immediately after gargling, 0.0842% after 1 minute, and 0.0180% (0.0396 ppm) after 2 minutes; and when gargling with R 90 ppm, it was 0.0302% immediately after gargling, 0.0151 % after 1 minute, and 0.0077% (0.0069 ppm) after 2 minutes. Even when mouthwashes containing various fluoride concentrations were used, only the fluoride content of existing normal saliva remained after 2 minutes, confirming that swallowing the saliva is safe and does not affect the human body.

불소 함유 교정용 레진 시멘트의 불소 유리 및 법랑질 탈회 저항성에 대한 효과

김명은 ( Myung Eun Kim ),강재경 ( Jae Kyoung Kang ),김수화 ( Soo Wha Kim ),이민영 ( Min Young Lee ),이주혜 ( Joo Hye Lee ),김형식 ( Hyoung Sik Kim ),김광만 ( Kwang Mahn Kim ) 한국치위생과학회 2011 치위생과학회지 Vol.11 No.5

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine of fluoride-releasing of orthodontic resin cements containing fluoride and compare decalcification of tooth attached fluoride and non-fluoride resin cements. Methods : Total eighty premolar tooth were used in this study. Forty tooth were used for fluoride releasing measurement and forty tooth were used for decalcification measurement. Each forty tooth were randomly divided into four groups, and brackets were attached on tooth surface with Blugloo, Light Bond, Orthofolw(experimental groups) and Transbond cement(control group). After brackets were attached on tooth surface, forty tooth were immersed in artificial salival and then the quantity of fluoride releasing was measured ever day for 8days and then three-days intervals for 3 weeks. Forty tooth were immersed in decalcification solution for 48hours and then degree of decalcification was measured as lesion area, ΔF, and ΔQ using QLF. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson`s correlation coefficient using SPSS 12.0 program. Results : Fluoride release of experimental groups was higher than control group(p<0.05). Cumulative fluoride release of experimental groups was also higher than control group(p<0.05). There were the highest release during first day. ΔF, and ΔQ was high TB > BG > OF > LB (p<0.05). Change of ΔF, and ΔQ was also high TB > BG > OF > LB (p<0.05). As for correlation between fluoride release and lesion area, ΔF, and ΔQ showed negative correlation but there was no significant difference. Conclusions : This study shows that orthodontic reins cements containing fluoride release fluoride and prevent initial enamel decalcification caused by orthodontic treatment.

관급수불화도시민(管給水弗化都市民)과 관급수비불화도시민(管給水非弗化都市民)의 매일경뇨배설불소량(每日經尿排泄弗素量)에 관한 연구

김윤관,문혁수,김종배,백대일,정세환 대한구강보건학회 2002 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Fluorine is a natural element found at varying concentrations in all drinking water and in soil. It is considered a beneficial nutrient and is present in trace in the body, When consumed in optimal amounts in water and food and used topically in toothpaste, rinses, and office treatments, fluoride reduces the risk and prevalence of dental caries and help promote enamel remineralization throughout life. Fluoride is absorbed in intestine and excreted via the kidney. Water fluoridation is to maintain optimal fluoride concentration of water to prevent dental caries. Recently water fluoridation is in practice in many cities in Korea. This study was undertaken to estimate the total intake of fluoride of residents drinking fluoride-poor water and fluoridated water. The 24-hours urine samples was collected from 2-10-year-old children and 25-35-year-old men. The analyses were performed potentiometrically using a fluoride-specific electrode. The volume of 24-hours urine was measured, the urinary fluoride concentration was determined and the amount of urinary fluoride excretion was calculated. The amount of urinary fluoride excretion was compared statistically and the intake of fluoride was estimated. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The mean 24-hours urinary fluoride excretion of subjects drinking fluoridated water was shown to be significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of subjects drinking fluoride-poor water, both children and men. 2. Total daily intake amounts of fluoride of adult drinking fluoridated water and fluoride-poor water are estimated 1.9-2.8㎎ and 0.9-1.3㎎, respectively. 3. Total daily intake amounts of fluoride of children drinking fluoridated water and fluoride-poor water are estimated 0.063㎎/㎏ and 0.043㎎/㎏, respectively. 4. Total daily intake amounts of fluoride of residents drinking fluoridated water dose not exceed optimal range, and that of residents drinking fluoride-poor water is under optimal range. So, it was concluded that water fluoridation should be recommended at non-fluoridated area in Korea.

유아에서의 소변 불소/크레아티닌 비와 식수, 소변 및 손톱 불소농도와의 연관성

김희경 ( Hee Kyong Kim ),이민선 ( Min Sun Lee ),정세환 ( Se Hwan Jung ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2013 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

Objectives: This study aimed to confirm the efficacy of the urinary fluoride concentration/creatinine ratio for monitoring fluorine intake in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Methods: The correlations among the fluoride concentration in drinking water and that in the urine and fingernails of 52 preschool children (age, 60-72 months) from fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities were analyzed. Results: The urinary fluoride concentration/creatinine ratio had a relatively high correlation with the fluoride concentration in drinking water (Pearson`s correlation coefficient, 0.606; P<0.05). Further, this ratio was significantly positively correlated with the urinary fluoride concentration (Pearson`s correlation coefficient, 0.374; P<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between this ratio and the fluoride concentration in fingernails (Pearson`s correlation coefficient, 0.145; P>0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the urinary fluoride concentration/creatinine ratio in children can be utilized as an index for monitoring excess fluoride intake in fluoridated communities.

불소를 함유한 PVA 고분자 접착 테잎의 불소 유리 효과

임성옥,이상호,이난영,박승호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 인체 안정성이 입증된 고분자제제인 폴리비닐알코올(PVA, Poly vinyl alcohol)로 얇은 박막을 제조하고 NaF을 첨가하여 불소를 함유한 고분자 접착 테잎(NaF-PVA)을 개발하여 피실험자의 구강 내에 도포 후 잔류하는 불소의 농도를 측정하고자 하는 것이다. 불소바니쉬(Caviyshiled™, 0.25ml, Group 1)와 불소를 함유한 고분자 접착 테잎(NaF-PVA, Trial product, 1 cm² × 12개, Group 2)을 각각 10명씩 치과대학 남학생의 치아(상악 12개, 순면)에 도포 후, 30분, 1시간, 2시간, 3시간, 4시간, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 후 비자극성 전타액내 불소농도를 불소이온전극을 이용하여 측정하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 도포 후 30분과 1시간에서는 1군이 2군보다 높은 타액 내 불소농도를 보였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 도포 후 2시간, 3시간, 4시간에서 2군이 1군보다 유의하게 큰 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 도포후 24시간 이후부터는 군간 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). The purpose of this study is to investigate the residual fluoride concentration of polymer adhesive tape in oral cavity which is made by spraying NaF on PVA base and to compare with Fluoride varnish(Cavityshiled™). Experimental groups were divided into two according to application methods: Group 1(NaF-PVA tape) and Group 2 (Cavityshiled™). Topical fluoride was applied to 20 healthy adults aged form 25 to 30. Fluoride concentration in unstimulated whole saliva was measured by fluoride-sensitive electrode fo 72 hours. 1. Until 72 hours after application in every group, significantly higher fluoride concentration was shown in saliva than baseline value(p<0.05). 2. At 2, 3 and 4 hours after application, Group 2 revealed significantly higher fluoride concentration than Group 1(p<0.05). 3. At 24, 48 and 72 hours after application, there was no significance(p>0.05). Although the residual fluoride concentration of saliva and the amount of fluoride of NaF-PVA tape are lower than those of Cavityshield™, NaF-PVA tape is considered to be more effective since it showed almost the same result as Cavityshield™. Therefore, NaF-PVA tape is expected to be a great fluoride application material.