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Weight Gain in Pregnancy, Maternal Age and Gestational Age in Relation to Fetal Macrosomia
( Yi Li ),( Qi-fei Liu ),( Dan Zhang ),( Ying Shen ),( Kui Ye ),( Han-lin Lai ),( Hai-qing Wang ),( Chuan-lai Hu ),( Qi-hong Zhao ),( Li Li ) 한국임상영양학회 2015 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.4 No.2
To investigate the possible risk factors related to macrosomia. Pregnant women and their newborns (n = 1041) were recruited from a cohort study in Maternal and Child Care Center of Hefei from January 2011 to July 2012. Questionnaires were applied to collect the demographic data besides the medical records. Detailed health records of the entire pregnancy were obtained using retrospective study. Meanwhile the data of neonatal outcomes was prospectively tracked. Associations between exposure risk factors and macrosomia were analyzed using Pearson’s chi squared test. Logistic regression models were used to assess the independent association between these potential predictors and macrosomia. The incidence of macrosomia of this cohort was 11.24% of which male: female = 2.55:1. Male incidence (8.07%) of macrosomia was higher than female (3.17%), p < 0.001. Body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy (pre-BMI), maternal height, parity were not independently associated with macrosomia; multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that macrosomia was mainly independently associated with weight gain in pregnancy (OR=1.14,95% CI [1.10-1.19]), maternal age (OR = 1.09,95% CI [1.03-1.15]) and gestational age (OR = 1.62,95% CI [1.31-1.99]), respectively. Our findings indicate that weight gain in pregnancy, maternal age and gestational age should be considered as independent risk factors for macrosomia.
박경미(KM Park),김재완(JW Kim),양종필(JP Yang),서정식(JS Seo),유태환(TH Yoo),최훈(H Choi),김복린(BR Kim),이홍균(HK Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.8
The fetal-pelvic index was introduced as an accurate method of identifying the presence or absence of fetal-pelvic disproprotion. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of three methods used to predict the fetal-pelvic dispropotion(fetal-pelvic index, Colcher-Sussman X-ray pelvimetry, and ultrasonographically estimated fetal weight >4000g) after and adequated trial of labor. From June 1994 to January 1995 this study was prospectively analysed in 30 patients who were admitted to Sanggye Paik Hospital for delivery. Of the 21 patients requiring operative intervention, all but one had a positive fetal-pelvic index value(Sensitivity=95%). Of the 9 patients who were spontaneous delivered vaginally, all but one had a negative value (Specificity=89%). On the basis of these data, the fetal-pelvic index is an accurate method of prediction the presence or absence of fetal-pelvic disproportion in patients delivered neonates weighing >4000g.
Han, Ae-Ra,Kim, Hye-Ok,Cha, Sun-Wha,Park, Chan-Woo,Kim, Jin-Yeong,Yang, Kwang-Moon,Song, In-Ok,Koong, Mi-Kyoung,Kan, Inn-Soo The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2011 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.38 No.2
Objective: To investigate adverse pregnancy outcomes in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with obese-PCOS and control groups. Methods: Women with PCOS who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) from August, 2003 to December, 2007, were considered. A total of 336 women with PCOS were included in the study group and 1,003 infertile women who had tubal factor as an indication for ART were collected as controls. They were divided into four groups: a non-obese PCOS group, obese-PCOS group, non-obese tubal factor group, and obese tubal factor group, with obesity defined by a body mass index over 25 kg/$m^2$, and reviewed focusing on the basal characteristics, ART outcomes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results: There was no difference among the groups' the clinical pregnancy rate or live birth rate. Regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes, the miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, and prevalence of preterm delivery and pregnancy induced hypertension were not different among the four groups. The incidence of small for gestational age infant was higher in the PCOS groups than the tubal factor groups ($p$ <0.02). On the other hand, the morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was not high in the non-obese PCOS group but was in the obese groups. And in the obese PCOS group, the newborns were heavier than in the other groups ($p$ <0.02). Conclusion: Non-obese PCOS presents many differences compared with obese PCOS, not only in the IVF-parameters but also in the morbidity of adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in GDM and fetal macrosomia.
( Minji Kim ),( Juyoung Park ),( Soo Hyun Kim ),( Yoo Min Kim ),( Cheonga Yee ),( Suk-joo Choi ),( Soo-young Oh ),( Cheong-rae Roh ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.61 No.3
Objective To investigate the change of maternal characteristics, delivery and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over recent 10 years and to identify the risk factors associated with adverse outcome. Methods Consecutive GDM patients (n=947) delivered in our institution were included. Research period was arbitrarily divided into 2 periods (period 1: from 2006 to 2010, period 2: from 2011 to 2015). Multiple pregnancies or preexisting diabetes were excluded. Maternal baseline characteristics, delivery and neonatal outcomes were reviewed. Fetal biometric findings by prenatal ultrasonography were collected. Adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) was defined by the presence of one of the followings; shoulder dystocia, neonatal macrosomia (>4 kg), neonatal hypoglycemia (<35 mg/dL), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in term pregnancy. Results Period 2 was associated with older maternal age (34 vs. 33, P<0.001) and higher proportion of GDM A2 compared to period 1 (30.9% vs. 23.0%, P=0.009). By univariate analysis, APO was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) at pre-pregnancy (23.4 kg/㎡ vs. 21.8 kg/㎡, P=0.001) or delivery (27.9 kg/㎡ vs. 25.8 kg/㎡, P<0.001), higher HbA1c at diagnosis (5.6% vs. 5.3%, P<0.001) or delivery (5.8% vs. 5.5%, P=0.044), and larger fetal biometric findings (abdominal circumference [AC] and estimated fetal weight, P=0.029 and P=0.007, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed pre-pregnancy BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.101; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.180) and fetal AC (OR, 1.218; 90% CI, 1.012-1.466) were independently associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the trends and relevant factors associated with the adverse outcomes.
이언기,김기영,서정식,조용균,전명권,최훈,김복린,미홍균 인제대학교 1993 仁濟醫學 Vol.14 No.3
거대아에서 임신, 분만, 또는 산후에 산모나 태아에게 발생할 수 있는 여러가지 합병증을 감소시키고 차후의 거대아 관리에 도움이 되기 위하여 거대아에 관한 임상적 고찰을 실시하게 되었다. 본 논문에서 나타난 거대아의 빈도는 6.46%로 다른 저자들의 보고와 상당한 차이가 있었으며 산모의 주된 합병증은 산도의 열상이었고 신생아의 주된 합병증은 견갑난산으로 나타났으며 2례의 태아사망이 있었다. 거대아에 대한 정확한 진단과 적절한 분만방법의 선택, 주의 깊은 산모관찰을 실시하여 거대아 분만에 따른 합병증 및 태아사망을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Ⅰ.서론 Ⅱ.연구재료 및 방법 Ⅲ.연구결과 Ⅳ.고찰 Ⅴ.결론
김원진,박수경,김유리 대한당뇨병학회 2021 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.45 No.4
Background Fetal abdominal obesity (FAO) has been reported to be affected at gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation in older and/or obese women. This study investigated whether the management of GDM improves FAO in GDM subjects near term. Methods Medical records of 7,099 singleton pregnant women delivering at CHA Gangnam Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively. GDM was diagnosed by 100-g oral glucose tolerance test after 50-g glucose challenge test based on Carpenter-Coustan criteria. GDM subjects were divided into four study groups according to maternal age and obesity. FAO was defined as ≥90th percentile of fetal abdominal overgrowth ratios (FAORs) of the ultrasonographically estimated gestational age (GA) of abdominal circumference per actual GA by the last menstruation period, biparietal diameter, or femur length, respectively. Results As compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects near term, FAORs and odds ratio for FAO were significantly higher in old and/or obese women with GDM but not in young and nonobese women with GDM. For fetuses of GDM subjects with FAO at the time of GDM diagnosis, the odds ratio for exhibiting FAO near term and being large for GA at birth were 7.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.38 to 14.15) and 10.96 (95% CI, 5.58 to 20.53) compared with fetuses of NGT subjects without FAO at GDM diagnosis. Conclusion Despite treatment, FAO detected at the time of GDM diagnosis persisted until delivery. Early diagnosis and treatment might be necessary to prevent near term FAO in high-risk older and/or obese women.
Birth statistics of high birth weight infants (macrosomia) in Korea
Byung-Ho Kang,Joo-Young Moon,Sung-Hoon Chung,Yong-Sung Choi,Kyung-Suk Lee,Ji Young Chang,배종우 대한소아청소년과학회 2012 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.55 No.8
Purpose: The authors analyzed the trend from the birth-related statistics of high birth weight infants (HBWIs) over 50 years in Korea from 1960 to 2010. Methods: We used 2 data sources, namely, the hospital units (1960’s to 1990’s) and Statistics Korea (1993 to 2010). The analyses include the incidence of HBWIs, birth weight distribution, sex ratio, and the relationship of HBWI to maternal age. Results: The hospital unit data indicated the incidence of HBWI as 3to 7% in the 1960’s and 1970’s and 4 to 7% in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Data from Statistics Korea indicated the percentages of HBWIs among total live births decreased over the years: 6.7% (1993), 6.3% (1995), 5.1% (2000), 4.5% (2000), and 3.5% (2010). In HBWIs, the birth weight rages and percentage of incidence in infants’ were 4.0 to 4.4 kg (90.3%),4.5 to 4.9 kg (8.8%), 5.0 to 5.4 kg (0.8%), 5.5 to 5.9 kg (0.1%), and >6.0kg (0.0%) in 2000 but were 92.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%, 0.0%, and 0.0% in 2009. The male to female ratio of HBWIs was 1.89 in 1993 and 1.84 in 2010. In 2010, the mother's age distribution correlated with low (4.9%),normal (91.0%), and high birth weights (3.6%): an increase in mother's age resulted in an increase in the frequency of low birth weight infants (LBWIs) and HBWIs. Conclusion: The incidence of HBWIs for the past 50 years has been dropping in Korea. The older the mother, the higher was the risk of a HBWI and LBWI. We hope that these findings would be utilized as basic data that will aid those managing HBWIs.