대구지역 여고생들의 체형인식과 섭식장애 관련 식행동, 주관적 건강상태와의 관련성

윤진숙,박정아 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.- No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among body image perception, eating behavior and health status in young females. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires for 131 female high school students living in Daegu(DG) and 100 students living in a suburb of Daegu(SDG). For the perception of body image, 9-grade body figure drawings were used based on average Korean body size. EAT-26 was used to measure the tendency of eating disorder. It appeared that 37.9% of the subjects were off the normal range of body weight; especially 28.1% of the subjects were underweight. The subjects's perception about current body image was within normal range. All the subjects believed that the ideal body image was thinner than their own current body image, and they all wanted to be thinner than their current body image. The ideal body image and the desired body image of SDG were significantly thinner than DG. Dissatisfaction of body image of SDG was significantly higher than DG. Eating behaviors and EAT-26 scores were not significantly different in both groups. Self-esteem score of DG was significantly higher than SDG. But, subjective health status score of SDG was significantly higher than SDG. The cut-off point of the eating disorder in this study was equal to or greater than 20 in EAT-26 score. The rates of the eating disorder were 10.7% of DG and 14% of SDG. But they were not significantly different. Eating behavior was positively correlated with current body image, dissatisfaction of body image and EAT-26 score, and was negatively correlated with ideal body image. Also, dissatisfaction of body image was positively correlated with current body image, BMI, eating behavior and subjective health status, and was negatively correlated with self-esteem, ideal body image, desired body image. From the results of this study, we suggested that one of causes related to the eating disorder behaviors in female high school students was resulted from misperception about ideal body image. There is a great need to provide nutrition educations concerning appropriate perception of body image and weight control among adolescent females.

서울지역 일부 대학생의 식습관, 섭식장애 발생경향, 체중조절형태 및 비만도

송경애,박재순 대한간호학회 여성건강간호학회 2003 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.9 No.4

원주지역 여대생들의 이상식이습관과 관련된 식행동과 체형, 영양지식과의 관련성

원향례 대한지역사회영양학회 1998 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.3 No.2

This study was made to find out the relationship between the eating attitude influenced by an eating disorder and nutritional knowledge among 441 female college students. A self-report questionnaire was used, and the summary of the results are as follows : Almost all of the surveyed female college students were in criteria of standard weight, however they regard themselves more obese than what their actual body shape normally shows. The correlation between perceived body shape and the eating attitude influenced by an eating disorder turned out to be high(p<0.001). The significant level of correlation between the perceived body shape and the eating attitude test-26(EAT-26) scores showed much higher than that obtained between actual shape, degree of obesity and eating attitude test-26(EAT 26) scores(p<0.001). There was no significant level of correlation between the defree of obesity and the average score of nutritional knowledge obtained out of the total questionnaire, however it showed significant level of correlation between macronutrient and roughage(p<0.05), fat and calorie requirement(p<0.01). There was significant correlation among perceived body shape, actual weight and eating attitude influenced. by an eating disorder. Thus the correct perception of body shape turned out to be an important factor in obtaining the desirable eating attitude and adequate nutritional knowldege.

비만클리닉 내원자 중 식이장애 고위험군 및 식이장애의 유병률

이재성 ( Jae Sung Lee ),신현택 ( Hyun Taeg Shin ),송재철 ( Jae Cheol Song ),이경희 ( Kyung Hee Lee ) 한방비만학회 2004 한방비만학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of eating disorder high risk group and eating disorder among whom visit bariatric clinic for diet and its relationship with sex, ages and body measurement. Methods : 742 subjects who visit our clinic both at Seocho and Bundang from January to October in 2004 were surveyed by using EAT-26 to assess their eating attitude. Results : The prevalence of eating disorder high risk group was 17.9% and that of eating disorder was 3.2%. Mean score of EAT-26 was higher in females(13.22±8.52) than males(8.95±5.44) and was significantly higher in twenties than the thirties in females(p<0.05). Mean weight, BMI and % body fat were significantly lower in eating disorder high risk group than normal group(p<0.05). Conclusions : Eating disorder symptomatology was highly prevalent among whom visit bariatric clinic for diet.

Eating habits and eating behaviors by family dinner frequency in the lower-grade elementary school students

Seo Yeon Lee,Seong Ah Ha,Jung Sook Seo,Cheong Min Sohn,Hae Ryun Park,Kyung Won Kim 한국영양학회 2014 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.8 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, there has been an increased interest in the importance of family meals on children’s health and nutrition. This study aims to examine if the eating habits and eating behaviors of children are different according to the frequency of family dinners. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were third-grade students from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. The survey questionnaire was composed of items that examined the general characteristics, family meals, eating habits, eating behaviors, and environmental influence on children’s eating. The subjects responded to a self-reported questionnaire. Excluding the incomplete responses, the data (n = 3,435) were analyzed using χ²-test or t-test. RESULTS: The group that had more frequent family dinners (≥ 5 days/week, 63.4%), compared to those that had less (≤4 days/week, 36.6%), showed better eating habits, such as eating meals regularly, performing desirable behaviors during meals, having breakfast frequently, having breakfast with family members (P < 0.001), and not eating only what he or she likes (P< 0.05). Those who had more frequent family dinners also consumed healthy foods with more frequency, including protein foods, dairy products, grains, vegetables, seaweeds (P < 0.001), and fruits (P < 0.01). However, unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., eating fatty foods, salty foods, sweets, etc.) were not significantly different by the frequency of family dinners. CONCLUSIONS: Having dinner frequently with family members was associated with more desirable eating habits and with healthy eating behaviors in young children. Thus nutrition education might be planned to promote family dinners, by emphasizing the benefits of having family meals on children’s health and nutrition and making more opportunities for family meals.

경기 일부지역 고등학생의 성별 야식 섭취 빈도에 따른 식습관

김희진,김성영 동아시아식생활학회 2019 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This study examined the eating habits by night eating frequency of gender among high school students (n=516) in Gyeonggi region. The night eating frequency was divided into three groups (low, <1 a week; middle, 1∼2 times a week; high, >3 times a week) according to gender. The eating habits of the high group in the girls were more ‘Skipping breakfast (p<0.01)’ and ‘Unbalanced diet (p<0.05)’ than the other groups, whereas the those low group were more ‘Regular mealtime (p<0.05)’ and ‘Eating small amounts (p<0.01)’ than the other groups. In contrast, the high group of boys was eating much more than the other groups (p<0.05). The eating frequency of the high group in the boys was higher in ‘Noodles (p<0.001)’, ‘Fast foods (p<0.01)’, and ‘Ice creams (p<0.05)’ than other groups. The high group of the girls was higher in ‘Noodles (p<0.01)’, ‘Breads (p<0.05)’, ‘Snacks (p<0.001)’, ‘Fast foods (p<0.01)’, ‘Confectionaries (p<0.001)’, and ‘Beverages (p<0.05)’ than the other groups, but the low group was higher in ‘Mixed rice (p<0.05)’ and ‘Beans (p<0.05)’ than the other groups. Recognition of a change in eating habits by night eating showed that the high group of the girls was higher in ‘Binge eating (p<0.05)’ than the other groups, whereas the high group of the boys was more ‘Eating instant foods (p<0.05)’ than the other groups. In conclusion, frequent night eating of high school students induced poor eating habits (‘Skipping breakfast’, ‘Unbalanced diet’, and eating ‘Fast foods’ and ‘Confectionaries’, and ‘Binge eating’), particularly in girls. Therefore, practical nutrition education plans are required to reduce the night eating frequency of high school students considering gender.

중학생의 외식 실태에 대한 연구- 2016년 청소년 식품소비행태조사 -

나예슬,전은례,정난희 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

This study examined the actual condition of middle school students’ dining out based on the data of the 2016 youth food behavior inquiry data of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The eating out behavior of 278 middle school students’ according to gender, average eating-out cost per person, monthly average dining-out cost per person, frequency of having breakfast weekly, and dietary information source were calculated into a chi-square value by cross analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, in middle school students' eating-out status, most students answered 'eating out', and the highest frequency of eating out was once a week. The reason for eating out was 'to enjoy delicious food', and 'costly price' was the most common reason for not eating out. Food taste was the most common standard for selecting eating out, and a restaurant was the most common place to eat out. The main restaurant was the 'Kimbap specialized store'. Second, there was no significant difference in all items of eating-out status according to gender (p<.001). A significant difference in eating out frequency was observed according to the average eating-out cost per person at one time (p<.001), standard of selecting eating out (p<.001), main places to eat out (p<.001), and main restaurants (p<.001). There was a significant difference in the frequency of eating out (p<.001) in the eating-out status according to the monthly average eating out cost of middle school students per person. Third, the eating-out status according to the weekly frequency of having breakfast of middle school students had a significant difference in the reason for eating out (p<.001). The eating-out status according to the eating information source of middle school students had a significant difference in whether they ate out or not (p<.01) and the frequency of eating out (p<.01). These results highlight the importance of school diet education so that middle school students can achieve healthy eating habits and plan to increase their interest and utilization of school dietary education.

A Study of the Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students According to their Frequencies of Eating Out

Yu, Choon-Hie,Lee, Jung-Sug The Korean Nutrition Society 2003 Nutritional Sciences Vol.6 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the food and nutrient intake status and eating-out practices of college students. A dietary survey of 361 subjects living in urban areas was conducted by using a 3-day diet record method. The average ages of the male and female subjects were 22.0 and 20.6 years old, respectively. Monthly personal expenses of the male and female students were 316,517 won and 296,888 won, respectively. 43.1% of the male and 50.8% of the female students used between one-quarter and one-half of their monthly personal expenses for eating out. Sixty-five percent of the total subjects ate out more than five times a week The average daily total food intake was 1630.7g in the males and 1453.9g in the females. The average percentage of total food intake from eating out (by weight) was 60.6% in the males and 56.2% in the females; foods eaten out were mainly potatoes, meats, processed foods, and beverages. It was found that 40-65% of daily total nutrient intake came from food eaten out. When they ate out, the male students ate slightly higher amounts of protein, fat and vitamin B1, while the female students ate relatively higher amounts of animal protein, fat, vitamin A and cholesterol. The more the subjects ate out, the more the quantity of total food intake increased. This increase resulted from high intakes of beverages and processed foods in the males, while the increase was from total plant foods, mushrooms, beverages, and milk and dairy products, in the females. The dietary variety score (DVS) was significantly increased in the female subjects when they ate out more than once a day; otherwise, the DVS was not significantly different between any of the male and female groups. The intakes of energy, and of many nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium and cholesterol, were increased when the female subjects ate out more than twice a day. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was at its highest level of 0.65 in the males when they ate out less than once a day, and at its highest level of 0.67 in the females when they ate out more than twice a day.

가족 역할을 중심으로 본 한국 여성의 섭식장애

권다예,김정선 한국보건사회학회 2017 보건과 사회과학 Vol.0 No.44

This study attempts to examine the social dimension of eating disorder among adolescent girls in Korea, particularly focusing on the role of family. Recent studies on the cause of eating disorder in adolescent girls pointed out physical, psychological, and social factors such as BMI, stress, and pressures of media or friends are important in framing eating habits and perception of eating disorders. To examine the important dynamics of personal and social factors of eating disorder in adolescent girls in Korea, a survey was carried out in a girls’ high school in Daegu. In addition, to back up a survey data, in-depth interviews were conducted to 17 women with eating disorder problems. Several significant results are as follows: First, 13.4% of the respondents are have eating disorder and 28.4% are classified as “high risk for eating disorder group” in this survey. Eating disorder is serious problem in adolescent girls. Second, stress, family diet pressure, diet-will and media diet pressure affected Eat-26 (p<0.001). Especially, family diet pressure is the most influential factor in the level of Eat-26 (B=.248, t=3.849). Third, from the in-deapth interviews of 17 people who have experienced eating disorder, it is found that family’s diet pressure and abuse by family were key to start to diet which led them to eating disorder. It is found that family played a significant role in overcoming eating disorder. In conclusion, this study suggests that we should look for multiple dimensions as cause of eating disorder among adolescent girls, including physical and mental aspect at individual level and various aspects of social factors. The result especially implies the crucial role of family in the whole process of eating disorder. 섭식에 불편함을 겪는 섭식 장애는 ‘정신 질환(mental disease)’으로 분류되지만, 섭식 장애가 여성이라는 특정 성, 15세에서 25세라는 특정 연령, ‘음식이 풍부한 선진 국가’라는 특정 지역에 주로나타난다는 사실은 섭식 장애가 사회 경제적 요인을 함께 고려해야 하는 ‘질병(illness)’의 성격을 지니고 있음을 함의 한다. 본 연구는 실제 섭식 장애 경험자 17명을 대상으로 한 심층 면접과 지방의한 여자고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 바탕으로 섭식장애에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 분석하였다. 그 결과 440명의 응답자 중 약 13.4%가 섭식 장애를 경험하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 28.4%가 섭식 장애 위험군으로 분류되었다. 섭식장애에 영향을 미치는 사회적 요인을 분석하기위해 회귀분석을 한 결과 BMI지수로 본 신체적 요인, 본인의 다이어트 의지, 스트레스 등과 같은 인지적 요인, 미디어나 가족의 압력 등과 같은 사회적 요인들이 유의미한 변수로 파악되었다. 특히 가족들의 다이어트에 대한 압력이 섭식 장애에 가장 큰 영향력을 미치고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 양적분석의 결과는 심층면접 결과로도 확인되는데 가족들의 다양한 층위의 다이어트 압력 외에도음식을 통한 가족의 학대, 가족의 강압적 분위기 등이 섭식 장애와 관련이 있다는 점이 드러났다. 동시에 섭식 장애의 극복에 있어서도 가족의 지지와 역할이 중요한 것으로 나타나, 섭식 장애의 발생과극복에 있어서 가족은 중요한 변수로 작용한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

三國時代 匙箸의 普及과 食事方式

오승환 (사)한국문화유산협회 2019 야외고고학 Vol.0 No.34

Eating by using spoons and chopsticks is an important feature of Korean food culture which cannot be found in other countries. However, it is still unknown when this eating method using spoons and chopsticks began and how they were used in the past. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine when the eating method using spoons and chopsticks was started and investigate the food culture in those days. Spoons and chopsticks in the Korean peninsula were found for the first time during Nakrang Period but only in the tombs of royal classes. Therefore, the actual usage began during the period of the Three States. Spoons and chopsticks were excavated in Onyeo mountain fortress of Goguryeo and silver spoons were excavated in Golden Crown Tomb of Silla. These excavations indicate that spoons and chopsticks were used partially by the royal and noble families during the period of Goguryeo and Silla. Usage of spoons and chopsticks becomes prevalent in Sabi period of Baekje. This is because of brisk exchanges with China and acceptance of their food culture which used spoons and chopsticks for eating. In Baekje, it is assumed that eating method using spoons and chopsticks may have been spreaded not only to the noble families but also to subordinate officers. However, not everyone used spoons and chopsticks for eating because spoons and chopsticks excavated during the Sabi period of Baekje were limited to Buyeo areas, the capital of Baekje, and rarely found in other areas. In this sense, it is logical to assume that only royal and noble families used spoons and chopsticks during the period of Goguryeo and Silla and it was spreaded to subordinate officers during Baekje period. Eventually, during the period of the Three States, most people ate by hand instead of using spoons and chopsticks except for people of Baekje. Spoons and chopsticks were used as eating tools for the first time in ancient China. However, spoons and chopsticks were not used together from the beginning. Spoons were used for eating soup or porridge while chopsticks were used for eating other meals. Korea was also affected by China during the period of the Three States thus spoons and chopsticks were not used together. This is supported by the fact that spoons and chopsticks are far apart in Royal Tomb of King Muryeong. Eating method using spoons and chopsticks together was first found in Tang dynasty of China and in Goryeo dynasty of Korea. As such, spoons and chopsticks are small tools to understand the eating methods of the ancient times as well as the key words to investigate the food culture of East Asia. 오늘날 숟가락과 젓가락을 함께 사용하는 식사방식은 다른 나라에서 보기 어려운한국만의 고유한 음식문화이다. 그러나 우리나라에서 숟가락과 젓가락을 이용한 식사방식이 언제부터 시작되었으며, 초기의 사용방식은 어떠하였는지에 대해 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 이 글은 우리나라에서 숟가락과 젓가락을 이용한 식사법의 등장과 사용방식, 나아가당시의 음식문화에 대해 살펴보고 있다. 한반도에서 가장 이른 시기의 숟가락은 낙랑의 분묘에서 출토되지만 일부 최상층 무덤에 한정되며 아직 젓가락은 보이지 않는다. 삼국시대에는 숟가락과 젓가락이 모두 나타나며, 다양한 재질과 형식이 생활유적에서 출토되는 것으로 보아 이때부터 본격적으로 사용되었음을 알 수 있다. 고구려는 숟가락과 젓가락이 4세기 말~5세기 초 오녀산성에서 출토되므로 늦어도 이 때부터 사용되었음을 알 수 있다. 신라에서는 숟가락이 금관총 출토품외에 사례가 없어 사용여부가 불분명하다. 다만 젓가락은 함안 성산산성에서 다수 출토되어 6세기 후반에는 사용되기 시작한 것으로 보인다. 백제의 한성~웅진기 사례는 많지 않으나 사비기부터 여러 유적에서 다양한 재질과 형식이 나타난다. 이는 숟가락과 젓가락을이용한 식사방식이 일찍부터 사용된 南北朝의 여러 나라와 활발히 교류하면서 그들의 음식문화를 받아들인 데서 그 배경을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 그 결과, 숟가락과 젓가락을 이용한 식사방식이 점차 하급관료나 그 하위계층에도 확산되었을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서고구려와 신라에서는 주로 왕실과 귀족층 위주로 숟가락이나 젓가락이 사용되지만, 백제에서는 사비기부터 점차 그 사용 계층이 확대되었음을 알 수 있다. 숟가락과 젓가락을 이용한 식사예법이 시작된 곳은 고대 중국이지만 처음부터 숟가락과 젓가락이 함께 쓰였던 것은 아니다. 고대 중국에서 숟가락은 국물이나 죽을 뜨고, 젓가락은 국물 속의 건더기를 건지는 용도였으나, 점차 젓가락은 밥과 음식을 먹는데 사용되었다. 우리나라에서도 삼국시대에는 동시기의 중국과 마찬가지로 숟가락과 젓가락을 함께사용하지 않았다. 이러한 사실은 무령왕릉의 숟가락과 젓가락이 서로 다른 곳에 놓인 데다짝도 맞지 않는 데서 알 수 있다. 중국에서도 商~南北朝時代까지는 숟가락과 젓가락을한 벌로 쓰지 않았으며, 그 배치도 음식기의 측면에 세로방향으로 두었다. 唐代에 이르러숟가락과 젓가락은 지금의 우리나라와 마찬가지로 한 벌을 이루어 사용하기 시작하였다. 그리고, 밥상에서의 배치는 음식기 앞에 가로 방향으로 두었다. 고대 중국의 식사예법은교류가 활발하던 동시기 백제의 음식문화에도 영향을 미쳤을 것이다. 무령왕릉에서는 출토맥락이나 여러 정황으로 보아 아직 숟가락과 젓가락은 한벌로 사용되지 않았으며, 그 배치도 음식기 옆에 세로 방향으로 놓였을 가능성이 크다. 이러한 특징은 사비기까지 지속되는 것으로 보인다. 이상에서 보듯 숟가락과 젓가락은 고대 동아시아의 음식문화와 식사예법을 이해하는데 있어 주요한 機制가 될 수 있음을 잘 보여주고 있다