집누에(Bombyx mori)와 멧누에(Bombyx mandayina)의 種間交雜에 있어서 卵殼構造 및 Chorion 蛋白質

金鍾吉,盧時甲 한국잠사학회 1994 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Chorion(egg-shell) morphology of the F1 hybrid between Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina has been observed by scanning electron microscope and chorion protein was analyzed by electrophoresis. The chorion surface structure of F1, hybrids in the lateral (flat) region was similar to that of maternal line. The F1, hybrids chorion was found to have basically a three layer structure. The middle and inner layer were very much like those of the Bombyx mandarina and Bombyx mori. There were many conic pillar structures in the outer layer of the F1, hybrid, which was similar to Bombyx mandarina. This conic pillar structure had a thin cover layer was more clear in the dorsal and ventral side of the F1, hybrid chorion. The conic pillar structure of Bombyx mandarina was found to be dominant in F1 hybrid chorion irrespective of their maternal line. Major components of chorion protein were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and found to have isoelectric points in the range of pH 4.0-6.5 and molecular weight 10 to 50 kd. F1 hybrid chorion protein components related directly to those of the maternal line. The conic pillar structure was dominat characteristic and it was present in all F1 hybrid.

Gene Expression Pattern of Human Chorion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Adipogenic Differentiation

김연희,신종철,박태철,이귀세라 연세대학교의과대학 2012 Yonsei medical journal Vol.53 No.5

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the adipocyte-specific gene expression patterns in chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenic differentiation. Materials and Methods: Chorionic cells were isolated from the third trimester chorions from human placenta at birth and identified morphologically and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. After inducing adipogenic differentiation for 28 days, cells at days 3, 10, 21 and 28 were analyzed by Oil red O staining and RNA extraction in order to assess the expression levels of adipocyte marker genes, including CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2). Cells not induced for differentiation were compared with the induced cells as a control group. Results: Chorion-derived cells showed the same pattern as fibroblasts, and expressed CD73, CD105, and CD166 antigens, but not CD45, CD34, and HLA-DR antigens. On day 3 after differentiation,cells began to stain positively upon Oil red O staining, and continuously increased in lipid granules for 4 weeks. The expression level of C/EBPα increased 4.6 fold on day 3 after induction, and continued to increase for 4 weeks. PPARγ was expressed at a maximum of 2.9 fold on day 21. FABP4 and GPD2 were significantly expressed at 4.7- and 3.0-fold, respectively, on day 21, compared to controls, and further increased thereafter. Conclusion: Human chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited the sequential expression pattern of adipocyte marker genes during differentiation, corresponding to adipogenesis.

Differentiation of Mouse P19 Embryonic Carcinoma Stem Cells Injected into an Empty Zebrafish Egg Chorion in a Microfluidic Device

LEE, Jin-Woo,NA, Dae-Seok,KANG, Ji-Yoon,LEE, Sang-Ho,JU, Byeong-Kwon Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2006 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.70 No.6

<P>Mouse P19 embryonic carcinoma (EC) stem cells were xenotransplanted into the emptied chorion, the transparent envelope of a fertilized zebrafish egg (rather than mouse native zona pellucida) combined with a microfluidic device to study P19 EC cell differentiation in the chorion biomaterial. A distilled-water jet was used to remove the innate yolk and perivitelline inner mass from the chorion. P19 EC cells were injected into the emptied chorion using a micropipette, and they were subsequently cultured until the inner space of the chorion became completely occupied by cells. A simple microfluidic device was used for handling convenience and effective experiment. At d15, we found neural cells in the outer layer of the cell mass and beating cardiomyocytes in the inner layer of the large embryoid body. We propose that even though the species are different, the external innate membranes developed for embryo protection represent a useful type of ECM.</P>

융모막성에 따른 자연 쌍태아와 체외수정 쌍태아의 임신 및 신생아 예후 비교

남수현 ( Soo Hyun Nam ),이지은 ( Ji Eun Lee ),문성오 ( Seong O Moon ),최석주 ( Suk Joo Choi ),김형선 ( Hyung Sun Kim ),오수영 ( Soo Young Oh ),김종화 ( Jong Hwa Kim ),노정래 ( Cheong Rae Roh ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.8

목적: 융모막성에 따라 체외수정에 의한 쌍태 임신의 예후를 자연 쌍태 임신의 예후와 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 1994년 10월부터 2003년 12월까지 쌍태 임신으로 분만한 598명의 임산부를 대상으로 후향적 고찰을 하였다. 392예는 자연임신군이었고, 206예는 체외수정에 의한 임신군이었다. 대상 환자들의 산과적 합병증을 포함한 임신 및 주산기 예후를 비교 분석하였다. 또한 융모막성에 따라 일융모막과 이융모막으로 대상군을 세분하여 임신 및 주산기 예후를 다시 분석하였다. 결과: 체외수정군에서 37주 미만의 조산 빈도가 많았다(74.5% vs. 82.5%, p=0.031). 그러나 평균 재태 연령은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(34.5±2.86주 vs. 34.2±0.28주). 산전 입원 빈도 역시 체외수정군에서 많았다(4.6% vs. 9.2%, p<0.001). 다른 주산기 예후는 두 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 융모막성에 따라 임신 예후를 다시 분석한 결과에서는 이융모막의 경우 체외수정군에서 신생아중환자실 입원 빈도 (42.7% vs. 52.6%, p<0.05)와 괴사성장염이 자연임신군에 비해 많았고 (0.5% vs. 3.5%, p<0.05), 일융모막의 경우 체외수정군에서 전치태반의 빈도가 많았다(0% vs. 11.8%, p<0.001). 결론: 결론적으로 체외수정에 의한 쌍태임신이 자연 쌍태임신에 비해 일융모막성의 경우 전치 태반의 반도가 증가하고, 이융모막성의 경우에는 신생아 중환자실 입원 빈도와 괴사성 장염의 빈도가 증가된다. Objective: To compare the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) twins with those of spontaneous twins based on their chorionicities. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 598 twin pregnancies beyond 24 weeks of gestation delivered from October 1994 to December 2003. Subjects were grouped into the spontaneous group (n=392) and the IVF group (n=206) and then subgrouped into dichorionic (n=193, spontaneous vs. n=156, IVF) and monochorionic (n=154, spontaneous vs. n=34, IVF) subgroups. First, the obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared between the spontaneous group and the IVF group regardless of their chorionicity. Second, the same outcome variables were compared between the spontaneous and the IVF group with same chorionicity. Results: There was a significant increase in the incidence of preterm deliveries before 37 weeks of gestation in IVF twins (74.5% spontaneous vs. 82.5% IVF, p=0.031). However, the gestational age at delivery was not significantly different (34.5±2.86 weeks vs. 34.2±0.28 weeks). Antepartum admission was also significantly increased in IVF group (4.6% vs. 9.2%, p<0.001). We were unable to observe any significant difference in perinatal outcomes between the two groups other than increased in utero fetal demise in utero in the IVF group (0.3% vs. 1.5%, p<0.05). When we reanalyzed pregnancy outcomes based on chorionicity, there were more frequent admission to neonatal intensive care unit (42.7% vs. 52.6%, p<0.05) and necrotizing enterocolitis (0.5% vs. 3.5%, p<0.05) in dichorionic twins of the IVF group. In monochorionic twins, the incidence of placenta previa was increased in the IVF twin group (0% vs. 11.8%, p<0.001). Conclusion: In the IVF twins, the incidence of placenta previa was increased in monochrionic twins and the incidence of neonatal intensive care unit admission and necrotizing enterocolitis were also increased in dichorionic twins.

융모막성에 따른 쌍태아 체중 불일치의 주산기 예후

길기철 ( Ki Chul Kil ),이귀세라 ( Gui Se Ra Lee ),강영화 ( Young Hwa Kang ),김연희 ( Yeon Hee Kim ),김사진 ( Sa Jin Kim ),신종철 ( Jong Chul Shin ) 대한산부인과학회 2008 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.51 No.11

목적: 본 연구는 융모막성에 따라 쌍태아간 체중불일치와 주산기 예후와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2000~2007년 동안 가톨릭대학교 성빈센트병원에서 분만한 쌍태아를 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 체중불일치는 체중이 큰 신생아를 기준으로 20% 이상 차이가 있는 경우이며 체중일치는 20% 이하의 차이가 있는 경우로 정의하여 단일융 모막성 및 이중융모막성 쌍태아에서 체중불일치군과 체중일치군 간의 주산기 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 38명의 단일융모막성 쌍태아에서 34.2%는 체중불일치였고 66.8%는 체중일치를 보였으며 144명의 이중융모막성 쌍태아에서 9.9%의 체중불일치와 91.9%의 체중일치를 보였다. 단일융모막성 쌍태아의 체중불일치군과 체중일치군을 비교한 결과 자궁내태아사망, 쌍태아간 수혈증후군, 자궁내발육저하 및 신생아 저혈당증의 발생이 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며 이중융모막성 쌍태아에서는 자궁내발육저하와 저혈당증의 발생이 체중불일치군에서 증가하였다. 기타 주산기 결과는 두 융모막성쌍태아의 각각 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 단일융모막성 쌍태아의 체중불일치는 태아 사망, 쌍태아간수혈증후군, 자궁내태아발육부전 및 신생아 저혈당의 발생의 가능성이 높으며 이중융모막성 쌍태아의 체중 불일치는 자궁내태아발육부전 및 신생아 저혈당의 발생 가능성이 높지만, 불량한 주산기 결과를 단정적으로 예측하기에는 미흡한 요인이라고 생각된다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between intrapair birth weight discordance and perinatal outcomes according to the chorionicity. Methods: Twin births in St. Vincent`s Hospital of Catholic University of Korea for the period 2000~2007 were retrospectively studied. Discordance was defined as an intertwin birth weight difference ≥20% and concordance was defined as weight difference <20% calculated from the larger newborn. Perinatal outcomes were compared between discordant and concordant pairs in monochorio-diamnionic and dichorionic twins. Results: Among 38 monochorionic twin births, 34.2% was discordant and 66.8% was concordant. Among 144 dichorionic twin birth, 9.9% was discordant and 91.9% was concordant. The incidences of intrauterine fetal death (FDIU), twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and neonatal hypoglycemia of discordant group of monochorionic twins were statistically increased compared with concordant group of monochorionic twins. The incidences of IUGR and neonatal hypoglycemia were statistically increased in the discordant group of dichorionic twins compared with concordant group of dichorionic twins. The others were not shown statistically significant between two groups in the both chorionic twins. Conclusions: Birth weight discordance in monochorionicity seems to predict fetal death, TTTS, IUGR and newborn hypoglycemia. Birth weight discordance in dichorionicity does not seem to be good predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes except IUGR and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Doppler assessment of fetal aortic isthmus flow in twin

( Suk Young Kim ),( Soon Pyo Lee ),( Chae Min Lee ),( Sun Young Jung ),( Han Na Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.58 No.1

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the aortic isthmus (AoI) flow difference between larger fetus and smaller fetus of twin; and to evaluate the predictive value of early diagnosis of hemodynamic change in twin growth. Methods This prospective study on 49 pairs of twin fetuses was performed to obtain AoI blood flow data. Cases with structural or chromosomal abnormalities and co-twin death were excluded. The interval from examination to delivery was within 4 weeks and 3 cases over 4 weeks interval were re-examined. Assessment of fetal AoI Doppler parameters were peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity, times-averaged maximum velocities, pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI). According to the direction of the diastolic flow in the AoI, antegrade and retrograde flow were made and was used to analyze the perinatal outcomes of each fetus. The predictive value of AoI Doppler parameters in predicting fetal growth was obtained by using ANOVA and logistic regression analysis of quantitative variables in each fetus of twins. Results There were significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery, birth weight and the incidence of growth discordance over 20% or more between monochorionic twin and dichorionic twin. The AoI PI and RI were significantly higher in smaller fetus than in larger regardless of chorionicity. Retrograde flow was noted in 8 of 98 cases (8.2%) and the only one case was of the larger fetus and the others were smaller fetuses of twin. Significant correlations were found between the AoI PI and birthweight (P=0.018) and between the PSV and growth discordance (P=0.032). In monochorionic twin, linear correlation was shown between the AoI PI and birthweight (P=0.004) and between AoI PI and growth discordance (P=0.031). Also, the meaningful correlation between the PSV and birthweight (P=0.036) was found by using logistic regression analyses. Conclusion On the basis of our observation, AoI PI has revealed their hemodynamic status and this result may improve the understanding of growth patterns in twins.

Development and Effects on Heat Shock Stress of Phrate 1st instar larvae of Parnassius bremeri Bremer(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Korean Peninsula

Kang woon Lee,Jae rok Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

This study was conducted to investigate exact life cycle and Parnassius bremeri’s response to heat shock stress from 2012 to 2016 in Holoce Ecosystem Conservation Research Institution through captive breeding. About 16 days(15.7±0.3days) later embryo in eggs were developed as pharate first instar and the eggs of Parnassius bremeri possessed the ability to undergo an extended aestivation hosting a fully developed pharate 1st instar larvae within the chorion. Pharate 1st instar in egg hatched from late in November to early in December about 194 days(194.3±1.1days) later. All pharate 1st instar in egg and out of egg survived at 25℃, 35℃. In case of 45℃ survival rate of pharate 1st instar in an egg (93.8±6.3%) was significantly higher than those (22.2±10%) of pharate 1st instar out of an egg. All was dead at 47.5, 50, 52.5 and 55℃.

Detection of Retinol-binding Protein in Bovine Yolk Sac, Chorion and Allantois by Immunoperoxidase Method

Liu, Kaung Huei Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.6

Bovine yolk sac at day 24 of pregnancy, and placental membranes (chorion and allantois) from days 70 and 100 of pregnancy were isolated and cultured in a modified minimum essential medium in the presence of $[^{35}S]$methionine. Proteins synthesized and secreted by isolated bovine yolk sac, chorion and allantois were analyzed by fluorography of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Serum-like proteins,transferrin, ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein, ${\alpha}$1-antitrypsin and ${\alpha}$1-acid glycoprotein,were the major protein products of yolk sac. A 21 kDa protein produced by yolk sac was identified immunochemically as retinol-binding protein (RBP). Chorion and allantios from days 70 and 100 of pregnancy were active in protein synthesis and secretion. Both chorion and allantois did not secret serum-like proteins but secreted a number of neutral-to-acidic proteins including RBP. Secretory proteins produced by the yolk sac, chorion and allantois may play important roles in the embryonic development and the successful outcome of pregnancy. Antiserum against bovine placental RBP was employed to the immunocytochemistry by immunoperoxidase method. Immunoreactive RBP was localized in epithelial cells and island-like cell clones of yolk sac. Immunostaining for RBP was detected in simple columnar epithelium of chorion and in simple squamous epithelium of allantois. In the present study, proteins synthesized and secreted by yolk sac at day 24 of pregnancy, chorion and allantois from days 70 and 100 of pregnancy were characterized In addition, RBP was localized in yolk sac, chorion and allantois by immunoperoxidase method. The immunoperoxidase method has been proven to be a very effective technique to identify the cellular source of protein synthesis in extraembryonic membranes.

Isolation and Characterization of Chorionic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Full Term Placenta

구보경,박인양,Jiyeon Kim,Ji-Hyun Kim,Ahlm Kwon,김명신,김용구,신종철,김종훈 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.8

This study focused on the characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from the chorion of human full term placenta from 15 donors. Chorionic MSCs revealed homologous fibroblast-like morphology and expressed CD73, CD29, CD105, and CD90. The hematopoietic stem cell markers including HLA DR, CD11b, CD34, CD79a, and CD45were not expressed. The growth kinetics of their serial passage was steady at the later passages (passage 10). The multilineage capability of chorionic MSCs was demonstrated by successful adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and associated gene expression. Chorionic MSCs expressed genes associated with undifferentiated cells (NANOG, OCT4, REX1) and cardiogenic or neurogenic markers such as SOX2, FGF4, NES,MAP2, and NF. TERT was negative in all the samples. These findings suggest that chorionic MSCs undifferentiated stem cells and less likely to be transformed into cancer cells. A low HLA DR expression suggests that chorionic MSCs may serve as a great source of stem cells for transplantation because of their immune-privileged status and their immunosuppressive effect. Based on these unique properties, it is concluded that chorionic MSCs are pluripotent stem cells that are probably less differentiated than BM-MSCs, and they have considerable potential for use in cell-based therapies.

Obstetrical Outcomes of Amniocentesis or Chorionic Villus Sampling in Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies

김미선,문명진,강석호,정상희,장성운,기효진,김보혜,안은희 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.18

Background: Under certain situations, women with twin pregnancies may be counseled to undergo invasive prenatal diagnostic testing. Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are the two generally performed invasive prenatal diagnostic tests. Studies comparing procedure-related fetal loss between first-trimester chorionic villus sampling and second- trimester amniocentesis in twin pregnancies are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the procedure-related fetal loss and the obstetrical outcomes of these two procedures, chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis in twin pregnancies. Methods: The data from dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies on which first-trimester chorionic villus sampling (n = 54) or second-trimester amniocentesis (n = 170) was performed between December 2006 and January 2017 in a single center were retrospectively analyzed. The procedure-related fetal loss was classified as loss of one or all fetuses within 4 weeks of procedure, and overall fetal loss was classified as loss of one or all fetuses during the gestation. The groups were compared with respect to the procedure-related and obstetrical outcomes. Results: The difference in proportion of procedure-related fetal loss rate (1.9% for chorionic villus sampling vs. 1.8% for amniocentesis; P = 1.000) and the overall fetal loss rate (7.4% for chorionic villus sampling vs. 4.7% for amniocentesis; P = 0.489) between the two groups was not significant. The mean gestational ages at delivery were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Both the overall fetal loss rate and the procedure-related fetal loss rate of chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis in dichorionic twin pregnancies had no statistical significance. Both procedures can be safely used individually.