Review : Chemical Genomics and Medicinal Systems Biology: Chemical Control of Genomic Networks in Human Systems Biology for Innovative Medicine

( Tae Kook Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.1

With advances in determining the entire DNA sequence of the human genome, it is now critical to systematically identify the function of a number of genes in the human genome. These biological challenges, especially those in human diseases, should be addressed in human cells in which conventional (e.g. genetic) approaches have been extremely difficult to implement. To overcome this, several approaches have been initiated. This review will focus on the development of a novel `chemical genetic/genomic approach` that uses small molecules to `probe and identify` the function of genes in specific biological processes or pathways in human cells. Due to the close relationship of small molecules with drugs, these systematic and integrative studies will lead to the `medicinal systems biology approach` which is critical to `formulate and modulate` complex biological (disease) networks by small molecules (drugs) in human bio-systems.

화학보호복의 생화학 유사작용제 투과저항성 평가 방법 개발

윤혜신,권대혁,강재성,서현관,이해완,박현배,Yoon, Hye Shin,Kwon, Dae Hyuk,Kang, Jae Sung,Seo, Hyeon Kwan,Lee, Hae Wan,Park, Hyen Bae 한국섬유공학회 2014 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.51 No.6

Non-military researchers and civil manufacturers face several difficulties in the study of protective materials for chemical-biological defense. The performance of these materials cannot be estimated in non-governmental circles as the private use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as GD (soman) and HD (mustard), by civilians is not permitted. The barrier properties of protective materials can be evaluated only in military laboratories, by the TOP 8-2-501 test method, using real CWAs. In this study, the permeation of CWA simulants such as dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS) was investigated by the chemical permeation test method. Moreover, permeation of the CWA simulants through different samples of protective materials could be estimated by the proposed cumulative permeation measurements, using an absorbent tube.

Assessment of Chemical Risks in Moroccan Medical Biology Laboratories in Accordance with the CLP Regulation

Mourry, Ghita E.,Alami, Rachid,Elyadini, Adil,Hajjaji, Souad El,kabba, Saad El,Zouhdi, Mimoun Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2020 Safety and health at work Vol.11 No.2

Background: Medical laboratory workers are frequently exposed to a wide range of chemicals. This exposure can have adverse effects on their health. Furthermore, a knowledge lack of the chemical risk increases the likelihood of exposure. The chemical risk assessment reduces the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals and therefore, guarantees health and safety of the workers. Method: The chemical risk assessment was conducted using a modified INRS method, according to the new CLP Regulation, of 11 unit laboratories in a Moroccan medical laboratory. Observation of each workstation and analysis of safety data sheets are key tools in this study. Results: A total of 144 substances and reagents that could affect the health of the analytical technicians were identified. Among these products, 17% are concerned by the low priority risk score, with 55% concerned by the average priority risk score and 28% concerned by the high priority risk score. This study also enabled to better identify the chemical agents that have restrictive occupational exposure limit value and controls were conducted to this effect. On the basis of the results obtained, several corrective and preventive measures have been proposed and implemented. Conclusion: Risk assessment is essential to ensure the health and safety of workers and to meet regulatory requirements. It enables to identify all the risky manipulations and to adopt appropriate preventive measures. However, it is not a one-time activity but it must be continuous in order to master the changes and thus ensure the best safety of all.

Chemical Genomics and Medicinal Systems Biology: Chemical Control of Genomic Networks in Human Systems Biology for Innovative Medicine

Kim, Tae-Kook Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2004 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.37 No.1

With advances in determining the entire DNA sequence of the human genome, it is now critical to systematically identify the function of a number of genes in the human genome. These biological challenges, especially those in human diseases, should be addressed in human cells in which conventional (e.g. genetic) approaches have been extremely difficult to implement. To overcome this, several approaches have been initiated. This review will focus on the development of a novel 'chemical genetic/genomic approach' that uses small molecules to 'probe and identify' the function of genes in specific biological processes or pathways in human cells. Due to the close relationship of small molecules with drugs, these systematic and integrative studies will lead to the 'medicinal systems biology approach' which is critical to 'formulate and modulate' complex biological (disease) networks by small molecules (drugs) in human bio-systems.

Synthetic Biology for Industrial Biotechnology

정규열 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

Pathway optimization of microbial metabolism is essential for the production of commercially valuable chemicals such as biofuels, platform chemicals and biologically active compounds. To achieve the successful design or redesign of microbial metabolism, a variety of synthetic biology tools should be required. In this study, we developed the general tools such as UTR Designer and Riboselector to modify the microbial physiology for the production of value-added chemicals at the various levels including translation and protein levels. In addition, we recently isolated a novel microorganism that can utilize macroalgae with fast metabolic activity. To engineer this organism, synthetic biology tools were developed based on the information obtained from systems biology approach. Conclusively, the potentials of the platform technology developed in this study for the application to the production of biofuels and a variety of value-added chemicals.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of <i>in situ</i> stabilization in the field aged arsenic-contaminated soil: Chemical extractability and biological response

An, Jinsung,Jeong, Buyun,Nam, Kyoungphile Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.367 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effectiveness of <I>in situ</I> stabilization in the long-term As-contaminated soil was assessed. <I>In situ</I> stabilization of As was conducted through a Fe-based sorbent amendment. Chemical extractability of As was first determined by solubility/bioavailability research consortium extraction method and any change in human health risk through oral ingestion was characterized. Also, nonspecifically bound As in soil was determined by five-step sequential extraction. The results indicate that such extractable fractions of As decreased, and consequently risk through oral ingestion decreased probably due to hematite transformed from both the goethite in the original soil and the Fe-based sorbent, which was identified through the X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In ecotoxicity test with <I>Hordeum vulgare</I>, root and shoot elongation and germination rate decreased which was contrary to the chemical extraction data. Such increase in As toxicity is because of increased exchangeable Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration causing As accumulation in the membrane surface of <I>H. vulgare</I>. Also, adsorption of phosphorus onto the Fe-based sorbent decreased available phosphorus concentration causing phosphorus deficiency for growth. Our results demonstrate that the effectiveness of <I>in situ</I> stabilization should be evaluated by means of both chemical extractability and biological response, as chemical analysis alone may not be sufficient to assess the ecotoxicity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>In situ</I> stabilization with Fe-based sorbent in As-contaminated soil was conducted. </LI> <LI> The effectiveness of <I>in situ</I> stabilization was evaluated chemically and biologically. </LI> <LI> Chemical extractability of As decreased, probably due to formation of hematite. </LI> <LI> Ecotoxicity to <I>H. vulgare</I> increased, owing to changes in soil properties. </LI> <LI> Chemical extractability and biological responses must be monitored concurrently. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

InGaZnO transistor based on porous Ag nanowire-functionalized gate electrode for detection of bio-relevant molecules

Yoo, Tae-Hee,Moon, Hi Gyu,Wang, Byung-Yong,Sang, Byoung-In,Angadi, Basavaraj,Oh, Young-Jei,Choi, Won Kook,Kang, Chong-Yun,Hwang, Do Kyung Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.254 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report on InGaZnO (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs)-based bio-chemical sensors which can detect the chemical/biological species. As novel sensing platform, the IGZO TFT with Ag nanowire (NW) mesh showed pronounced output voltage changes responding to all analytes of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, b-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucose, <SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucono-1,5-Lactione, and lactic acid, which are reproducible and reversible. Herein, porous Ag NW-functionalized top gate electrode plays a major role in sensing platform for enhanced sensing capability in aqueous medium. Moreover, these top gate geometry serve as a stable backplane for electrical modulation. As a result, analytes solutions become acidic or basic and such pH alterations induce significant turn-on voltage shifts on our devices. For implementation of a resistive load inverter, the output sensing voltage signals can be directly extracted, and such signals are reproducible and reversible. The proposed IGZO TFTs with Ag NW mesh top gate electrode based sensing platform pave the way for development of portable and reusable real-time non-destructive label-free chemical/biological sensors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> New sensing platform of IGZO thin film transistor (TFT) combined with Ag nanowire mesh porous gate electrode has been suggested. </LI> <LI> The IGZO TFTs with Ag NW mesh top gate electrode rapidly respond to chemical/biologically relevant analytes by shifting the turn-on (or threshold) voltage. </LI> <LI> Flexible IGZO TFT and inverter based sensors were demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>A new sensing platform using InGaZnO metal oxide thin film transistor (TFTs) and Ag nanowire mesh gate electrode is proposed, which detect biologically relevant species such as H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, b-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucose, <SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucono-1,5-Lactione, and Lactic acid in aqueous media.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

QFD 기법을 이용한 특정 유해가스 노출제어 이온선택성 보호복 소재개발연구

송화선 ( Hwa Seon Song ),구일섭 ( Il Seob Koo ),김인식 ( In Sik Kim ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 품질경영학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Purpose: Through studying the expert`s and non-experts panel responses to the questions regarding the attributes of chemical-biological protection cloth quality in terms of the levels of customer demand and technical factors has been studied. We are applied to a QFD matrix with find out the relationship between the selective removal efficiency of chemical-biological cloth and the guidelines of technical approach. Methods: We fabricated several composite of ion-exchange resins with selectively permeable performance designed to facilities water vapor transport and selective adsorption of the harmful gases. With these materials, we characterized on the selectively permeable performance to identify ion-exchange resin with chemicalbiological protective cloth. Results: Results showed that ion exchange materials possessed performance with selectively efficiencies as NH3, SOx, NOx and HCl gas. The selective adsorption amount of ammonia and hydrogen gases were 90-80 ㎍/g with TRILITE SCR-BH sulfonated ion exchange resin. The PP non-woven/ion exchange resin adsorbent materials possessed performance with water vapor permeability were 1,100-1,350 g/m2/day, it`s was two times high value compare with activated carbon. With these materials, we characterized selectively removal efficiency to identify new ion-exchange material with chemical-biological protective capability. Conclusion: This study shows that a QFD aids in deciding with of the adsorption parameters to optimized with chemical-biological protection cloth manufacturing.

Chemical Biology in Stem Cell Research

Yongmun Choi,남태규 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.2

Stem cells are offering a considerable range of prospects to the biomedical research including novel platforms for disease models and drug discovery tools to cell transplantation and regenerative therapies. However, there are several obstacles to overcome to bring these potentials into reality. First, robust methods to maintain stem cells in the pluripotent state should be established and factors that are required to direct stem cell fate into a particular lineage should be elucidated. Second, both allogeneic rejection following transplantation and limited cell availability issues must be circumvented. These challenges are being addressed, at least in part, through the identification of a group of chemicals (small molecules) that possess novel activities on stem cell biology. For example, small molecules can be used both in vitro and/or in vivo as tools to promote proliferation of stem cells (self-renewal), to direct stem cells to a lineage specific patterns (differentiation), or to reprogram somatic cells to a more undifferentiated state (de-differentiation or reprogramming). These molecules, in turn, have provided new insights into the signaling mechanisms that regulate stem cell biology, and may eventually lead to effective therapies in regenerative medicine. In this review, we will introduce recent findings with regards to small molecules and their impact on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.

Effect of Biological and Liquid Hot Water Pretreatments on Ethanol Yield from Mengkuang (Pandanus artocarpus Griff)

( Hikma Yanti ),( Wasrin Syafii ),( Nyoman J Wistara ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.2

This study aimed to increase the sugar and ethanol yield from the mengkuang plant biomass through biological and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and their combination. The results showed that biological pretreatments with 5% inoculum of the fungus Trametes versicolor resulted in the highest alpha cellulose content incubated for 30 days, and 10% inoculum resulted in the lowest lignin content. LHW pretreatment decreased the hemicellulose content of pulps from 10.17% to 9.99%. T. versicolor altered the structure of the mengkuang pulp by degrading the lignin and lignocellulose matrix. The resulting delignification and cellulose degradation facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. The alpha cellulose content after biological-LHW pretreatment was higher (78.99%) compared to LHW-biological pretreatment (76.85%). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that biological-LHW combinated treatment degrades the cell wall structures. The ethanol yield for biological-LHW pretreated sample was observed 43.86% (13.11 g/L ethanol by weight of the substrate, which is much higher than that of LHW-biological pretreatment (34.02%; 9.097 g/L). The highest reducing sugar content about 45.10% was observed with a resulting ethanol content of 15.5 g/L at LHW pretreatment temperature of 180℃ for 30 min.