고양이 접촉 유발시험에 관한 연구

이창우(Chang Woo Lee),류정우(Jeong Woo Ryu),염혜영(Hae Yung Yun),이기영(Ki Young Lee),정병주(Byeung Ju Jeoung),김규언(Kyu Earn Kim) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 1999 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.9 No.1

목 적 : 고양이는 흔히 접촉하는 애완동물이며, 소아에서 실시한 알레르기 피부 시험에서도 고양이 항원은 비교적 높은 양성률을 나타내고, 병력상 고양이에 대한 알레르기를 호소하는 환자들도 않다. 고양이에 대한 알레르기가 확진되면 반드시 고양이와 접촉을 금해야 한다. 이에 연자들은 위와 같은 환아에서 고양이에 의한 알레르기의 빈도가 어느 정도인지를 알아 보기 위해서 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 연세의대 소아 알레르기 크리닉에 내원했던 환아들 중 알레르기 피부 시험에서 고양이 항원에 양성반응이 나왔거나 고양이와 접촉시 중상이 나타났던 과거력이 있는 환아 45명을 대상으로 하여 일주일간 고양이와 접촉을 금한 뒤 30분간 고양이와 자연스럽게 접촉을 한 후 증상이 유발되는지 관찰하였다. 결 과: 1) 대상환아들 중 고양이와 접촉 후 증상이 유발되었던 경우는 18례(40%)였다. 2) 알레르기 피부반응 검사에서만 양성으로 나왔던 환아에서는 24.2%에서 중상이 유발되었으나 알레르기 피부시험 검사 외에도 과거력이 동반되었던 환아에서는 90.0%에서 증상이 유발되었다. 3) 알레르기 피부 반웅 정도에 따른 유발률은 피부 시험 양성은 14.3%이었으나 강양성은 45.9%로 위족을 형성하는 강양성이 유의하게 높았다. 4) 고양이 접촉 후 유발되는 증상은 알fp르기성 비염이 88.2%로 가장 많았으며, 기관지 천식 35.3%, 두드러기 29.4% 및 알레르기성 결막염 23.5% 순이었다. 5) 증상이 유발되는 시각과 지속되는 기간은 각각 10분 이내와 30분에서 1시간 사이가 가장 많았다. 6) 혈중 총 IgE치와 호산구 수는 중상이 유발되었던 군과 유발되지 않았던 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 고양이 알레르기의 진단은 피부 시험상 고양이 털에 강양성 반응을 보이고 고양이와 접촉시 임상증상이 유발된 병력이 있으면 거의 확실한 것으로 여겨지며 뚜렷한 병력 없이 RAST(radioallergosorbent test)가 양성인 경우는 유발 시험으로 확진하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : Cat is the pet which many of us quite frequently contact without any specific precautions. According to the allergy skin tests conducted in children, cat antigen shows a comparatively high positive reaction, and past history also shows that there are many patients who suffer allergies from cat contacts. Therefore, once it is diagnosed as an allergy caused by cat, it is important that patients be isolated in order to restrict their contact with cat. In this context, this study was conducted for the purpose of finding out how serious and how frequent the allergies by cat contacts are. Methods : Forty five children patients who visited to the Allergy Clinic for Children, Severance Hospital annexed to the Medical College, Yonsei University were enrolled in this study. Some of patients had shown a positive reaction against cat antigen in the allergy skin test, and others had a past history of developing symtoms when contacted by cat. The patients were isolated from cat for seven days, and then contacted with cats for 30 minutes and observed the provocated symptoms. Results : 1) Among the tested patients, the number of cases who were provocated by the symptoms after cat contact were 18(40%). 2) Among those patients who were shown to be positive only in allergy skin test, only 24.2% proved to be provocated by the symptoms, while 90.0% of those who had a past history in addition to allergy skin test proved to be provocated by the symptoms. 3) Symptoms provocated after cat contact showed allergic rhinitis patients 88.2% which was the highest ratio, bronchical asthma, 35.3%, urticaria, 29.4%, and allergic conjunctivitis, 23.5%, respectively. 4) The onset and duration of symptoms provcated were under 10 minutes and from 30 to 60 minutes, which included most cases in the test. 5) Total IgE and eosinophil count of patients did not show any meaningful differences between the group which was provocated and that which was not provocated. Conclusion: It was shown that 40% patients who were suspected of cat allergy had a positive reaction to the cat contact provocation test. Ninety percents of patients who showed both positive allergy skin test and past history were provocated after cat contact.

알레르기 질환 환자에서 고양이털 항원에 대한 감작을 및 고양이털의 항원성에 관한 연구

라선영(Sun Young Rha),남동호(Dong Ho Nam),김범수(Bum Soo Kim),안중배(Joong Bae Ahn),원욱희(Wook Hee Won),송현용(Hyun Yong Song),조홍근(Hong Keun Cho),전동운(Dong Woon Jun),홍천수(Chein Soo Hong) 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

N/A Objectives: The cat fur allergen used in skin prick test was known to be contaminated with housedust mites. So we intended to evaluate the clinical importance of cat fur as a causative allergen in patients with allergic diseases. Methods: We performed skin prick tests with cat allergen of Torii company(Japan), Bencard company (England) and home made extracts in 387 patients, We detected specific IgE by 3M FAST-plus and ELISA method using home made cat fur allergen, developed at this class. To characterize the allergenic components, cat fur extracts were fractionated by 12 % sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and then transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane and probed with sera of cat fur sensitive patients Results: 1) Out of 387 patients, 77(19.9%) showed more than 1+results on skin prick test. There were no significant differences in the rates of positive results ac- cording to the allergic diseases, but the age groups were correlated with the positive results(younger than 30: 34.5%, between 30 and 50: 14.4%, older than 50: 6.8%). 2) Cat ELISA showed specific inhibition to cat fur allergen and Cat ELISA inhibition test revealed the linear dose response curve on the added amounts of cat allergn into pooled sera. 67.7% out of Torii cat fur sensitive patients(A/H ratio≥1) showed positive results in Cat ELISA for specific IgE antibody. 3) Cat fur extracts showed 15 protein bands by SDS-PAGE, then they were transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane and probed with sera of 16 cat-fur sensitive patients, one sera pool of patients with RAST class 3, and three negative controls and with biotin-conjugated anti IgE-avidin peroxidase. Six IgE binding protein bands were detected at 94, 73, 56, 44, 28 and 21 kilodalton of molecular weight. Out of six IgE binding bands, MW 21KD concerned as major cat allergen, Fel d 1, were noted in five sera(31.3% ). Conclusion: It is suggested that cat fur can be regarded as an important allergenic fur and that we need further studies to st.andardize cat antigens for in vivo and in vitro tests.

黒猫小考

이일숙 일본어문학회 2017 일본어문학 Vol.79 No.-

「ネコノミクス」と言われるくらいの空前の猫ブームの日本では、多くの猫がドラマや映画に出てくる。この論考では、それらのドラマや映画に登場する猫の毛色に着目した。その結果、白․三毛․白黒․トラ猫の場合は、大体場面場面の背景として受動的に人間と接しているのに対して、黒猫は神秘な力を持ち、主人を助ける積極的なキャラクターとして登場することがわかった。不思議な黒猫であるゆえ、ストーリはドラマチックになりえるだろうが、それは、日本人の黒猫に対する思いの発露であることは言うまでもない。しかしその反面、黒猫が前を通ると縁起が悪いといった考え方も存在する。これは、西洋の魔女狩りと関係するというよりは、鎌倉時代に初出した狂暴な黒い猫股の現れが、誇張と拡散を続けた結果であると思われる。その背景には鎌倉時代の仏教の猫嫌いがあったと言える。 In the current state of Japan, a number of people cherish cats, a phenomenon called “Nekonomikusu,” and various types of cat have recently been featured in TV drams and films. In the present study, we focus our analysis on the hair colors of cats that appear in these TV drams and films. Our main finding is that in the cases of white cats, Calico cats, black-and-white cats, and Tabby cats, they are passively described in such a way that they appear as part of the background of stories, whereas in the cases of black cats, they are positively described as a mysterious creature which helps their masters. This mysteriousness of black cats may make stories dramatic, and, needless to say, this can be considered as a manifestation of how the Japanese treat black cats. On the other hand, there also exists the idea that if a person sees a black cat walking in front of him/her, a bad luck may come to him/her. It seems that this idea is not related to the so-called “witch-hunt’ in the western cultures, but it would be more likely that the idea stemmed from the story of “Nekomata,” a cat ghost which was first mentioned during the era of Kamakura, which had been spread with exaggerations. Behind this story was the widely held assumption during the era of Kamakura that cats were not favored in the Buddhism.

반려 묘를 위한 확장형 캣 타워 디자인 개발

임은진(Yim Eun jin),진경희(Jin Kyung heu) 한국조형디자인학회 2016 조형디자인연구 Vol.19 No.1

애완동물의 반려(伴侶)화, 가족(家族)화는 반려동물 산업의 양적 성장과 더불어 전문화, 다양화, 고급화를 촉진하고 있다. 2015년 농림축산검역본부의 조사에 따르면 우리나라 전체 가구의 22% 즉, 다섯 집 가운데 한 집꼴로 개나 고양이 등 반려동물을 기르는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 고양이를 키우는 가구는 최근 3년 사이 60% 이상 급증했다. 고양이는 높은 곳 오르내리기, 어둡고 좁은 곳에 숨기, 발톱 세워 긁기, 털 고르기 등의 습성을 가지고 있어 타 반려동물에 비해 전용 가구(家具)가 발달하여 산업적 가치가 크다. 본 연구에서 제안한 ‘확장형 캣 타워’는 간단한 공구(工具) (예: 드라이버 screwdriver)만으로 완전 분해와 조립을 할 수 있는 녹다운(Knocked Down) 가구다. 캣 타워 사용 공간의 크기, 고양이 수와 사용 목적에 따라 모듈(module)과 유닛(unit)을 삭감 또는 추가하여 캣 타워 구성방법을 바꿀 수 있어 소비자의 다양한 요구 변화에 대응할 수 있다. 모듈과 유닛의 개수, 유닛의 가로와 세로 적층(積層) 방법 등에 따라 다양한 높이의 선반과 이동통로, 하우스 등의 공간이 만들어지므로 고양이의 호기심을 지속해서 유발하는 흥미로운 공간이다. 4각 측면 판 모서리에 4개의 구멍을 뚫어 스크래쳐(scratcher)를 위한 끈, 방석, 장난감 등의 액세서리를 추가로 부착할 수 있다. 놀이 공간이나 반려 묘수에 따라 형상이 변경될 수 있고, 설치되어 사용되고 있는 경우에도 고양이에게 새로운 놀이 공간을 제공할 수 있도록 형상이 변경될 수 있다. 실내에서 생활하는 고양이의 운동과 놀이, 휴식을 위한 과학적 공간 구성이 가능한 확장형 캣 타워는 고양이 전용 가구로 반려 묘의 스트레스를 감소시켜 정서적 안정에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구가 지속해서 성장하는 반려동물 가구 시장에서 차별화, 전문화된 제품 개발 계기가 되어 반려 인과 반려묘 삶의 질적 행복을 충족시키길 기대한다. As pets are accepted as companions or members of a family, the pet industry is not only expanding in its size, but also is becoming professionalized, diversified, and gentrified. According to the 2015 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency survey, about one fifth (22%) of the total households in Korea owns various kinds of animals as their companion. Especially, households with cats have increased more than 60% in the last three years. Cats have various natural habits - such as climbing up tall structures, hiding in the dark, scratching with own claws, fur licking, etc - resulting in the development and the ongoing potential of the cat furniture industry. The "Expandable Cat Tower", which is hereby presented in the following research, is a knock-down type furniture that can be assembled and disassembled only by using a simple screwdriver. Customers may reduce or add the number of modules or units in accordance with the available space, number of cats, and overall needs. Such flexibility of the product renders an ongoing entertainment to the cat, because shelves of various heights, corridors, and houses can be forged by the owner. Different kinds of accessories - such as strings, cushions, toys, etc - can be attached to the four corners of the module, making them applicable for scratchers. The form of the tower may be altered according to the available space and the number of cats; and, even after the initial construction, it may be changed flexibly to provide a whole new playing environment for the house cat. The "Expandable Cat Tower", which can be constructed scientifically for house cats' entertainment and leisure, is a customized cat furniture and may assist the emotional stability of the pet. The following research hopes to serve as a momentum of the product differentiation and professionalization in the field of pet furniture design, and expect to fulfill the needs of customers and their feline companions.

SPRT형 CAT에서 검사의 신뢰도가 판정의 정확성과 효율성 미정판정에 미치는 영향

조현준,김영환,정희태 한국교육정보미디어학회 2003 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구에서는 IRT 기반의 AMT와 달리 문항의 모수치를 요구하지 않는 SPRT형 CAT에서 검사의 신뢰도가 판정의 정확성과 효율성 및 미정판정에 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보았다. 특히, 지금까지의 SPRT형 CAT의 연구가 비교적 높은 검사 신뢰도에서 이루어져 왔던 것에 주목하여 학교현장에서 발생할 수 있는 다양한 검사 신뢰도 수준을 반영하여 검사 신뢰도와 판정과의 상관관계를 살펴보는데 주안점을 두었다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 부산 C중학교 3학년 학생 340명을 대상으로 실시한 사회가 평가결과 데이터를 사용하였으며, 전체 문항에 대한 검사 신뢰도를 분석한 다음, 본 연구에서 설정한 검사 신뢰도가 구간에 해당하는 문항집단을 재구성하여 SPRT형 CAT 평가결과를 시뮬레이션 하였다. 연구결과 검사의 신뢰도는 판정의 정확성에는 영향을 주지 않지만, 판정의 효율성과 미정판정에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 미정판정은 파정의 정확성에 부정적인 영향을 미치며, 검사 신뢰도가 낮아질수록 그리고 결정오류를 의미하는 α, β가 작아질수록 그 영향은 커지는 것으로 분석되었다. 교육현장에서 검사의 신뢰도 수준을 SPRT형 CAT의 일반적인 기준인 Cronbach α .90 이상으로 유지한다는 것은 상당히 어려운 작업으로, 적정 검사 신뢰도(본 연구에서는 Cronbach α. 75 이상)만 지켜진다면 SPRT형 CAT에서 판정의 정확성에는 문제가 없다는 본 연구의 결과는 앞으로의 SPRT형 CAT 활용에 긍정적인 측면으로 작용할 수 있을 것이다. 결론적으로, 최소 20문항 이상에서 SPRT형 CAT가 시행되고 미정판정의 경우에는 전통적인 시험방식에 의한 점수를 기준으로 판정을 한다면, SPRT형 CAT는 다른 CAT와 비교하여 현장 적용성을 고려한 가장 현실적인 모델이 될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study wds to examine and verify the effect of refiab5ty coefficient on the correctness and efficiency of decision and undecidedness irr CAT with SPRT Model. For this purpose, the four specific questions are identified such as: 1. In CAT with SPRT model, what influence will be shown in the correctness of decision on the diffexmt reliability &dent of items? 2. In CAT with SPW mxkl, what influence will be shown in the efficiency of declsion on the difEerent reliability coefficient of items? 3. In CAT with SPRT model, what influence will be shcwn in the undaiddiess on the different. reliability coefficient of items? 4. In CAT with SPRT imdel, what influence of mki&ess will be shown in the correctness? The subject of this shdy is the group of 340 students of C. middle Schotl in Pusan. The instrument for this study is the K-SPRT(Kim's SIRT) and the I?eliability Coefficient ,4nalysis that was developed on this study. The mutts and the conclusicns was based on the data analysis are as follow: 1. The nrhiabitity coefficient of ikm has not influenced on the correctness of decision, in CAT with SPRT nxdel. 2. The reliability coefficient of items has influenced on the efficiency of decision, in CAT with SPRT model. 3. The reliability coefficient of items has influenced on the undecidedness, in CAT with SPRT model. 4. The undecidedness has influenced on the correctness of decision, in CAT with SFRT model.

Stimulation of Trout CYP1A Gene Expression in Mouse HEPA-1 Cells by 3-Methylcholanthrene

Lee, Soo Young,Sheen, Yhun Yhong 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1998 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.7

Trout CYP1A-CAT expression construct was generated by cloning-3.5kb 5' flanking DNA of trout liver CYP1A gene in front of CAT gene at pCAT-basic vector. Hepa 1 cells, which an known to contain a functional arylhydrocarbon receptor' were transfected with trout CYP1A CAT using lipofectin. 3-Methylcholanthrene (1 nM) was added into hepa 1 cells in culture in order to examine if 5' flanking DNA of trout CYP1A gene could interact with mouse transactivating factors to bring about transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) reporter gene. The level of CAT protein was measured by CAT ELISA and the level of CAT mRNA was determined by RTPCR. The treatment of 1 nM 3-methylcholanthrene resulted two fold increases in CAT protein as well as CAT mRNA compared to untreated control hepa cells. These data indicate that arylhydrocarbon receptors of mouse hepa 1 cells are function to activate exogenously transfected trout CYP1A-CAT construct in terms of both transcription and translation of CAT. We also examined the effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on endogeno cyp1a1 activity in hepa 1 cell. 3-Methylcholanthrene (1 nM) treatment to hepa 1 cell transfected with trout CYP1A-CAT construct stimulated the level of cyp1a1 mRNA by two folds and the activity of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase by two fold compared to that of contra cell. In this study we reported that trout CYP1A-CAT reporter gene expression construct could be expressed by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment in mouse hepa 1 cells. Thus trout CYP1A-CAT could serve as a good model to study the mechanism of regulation of CYP1A1 get expression.

열반도에 들어가지 못한 일본 고양이

노성환 ( No,Sung-hwan ) 한국일어일문학회 2020 日語日文學硏究 Vol.113 No.-

仏教文化圏から見て、日本の涅槃図の特徴は数多くの動物が描かれており、猫を描いていない方が描いているよりもはるかに多いという事実である。特に猫がいないということは、そのことに特別な意味があるに違いない。日本ではそれについて説明する伝承と俗信が多く生まれた。 そのほとんどは猫に対する否定的な認識を反映している. 例えば、朝寝坊、火葬、ネズミ捕りなどにより、釈迦牟尼の臨終に出席できなかったり、また参加したとしても、すべての動物は悲しくて泣いているのに猫だけ泣かずに笑ったり、そしてマヤ夫人が釈迦牟尼を生き返らせる霊薬の入った袋を取りに行った鼠を捕らえて食べたせいで、つい釈迦牟尼を死なせた罪などが、猫に涅槃図に入ることができなかったと説明している。こういった伝承は歴史的な事実ではないかも知れないが、涅槃図の造成において大きく影響を及ぼすのは否定できない。さらに、仏教においても猫は仏性がなく、殺生を象徴し、毘沙門天の保護の下、財をもたらす鼠を追い出す動物であり、十二因縁の動物にも入れなかった存在であった。それだけでなく、伝統的な俗信では死が発生すると接近して死体に障害を起こす魔性の動物でもあった。これが原因で猫は涅槃図に描いてもらえなかったのであった。 From the perspective of Buddhist cultural area, the Japanese Nirvana Paintings are characterized by presence of numerous animals and a greater number of paintings excluding cats than that of paintings with cats. It is evident that the absence of cats must imply special meaning. In Japan, many inherited tales and folk beliefs have been created to explain the reason. Most of them reflect negative perceptions about cats. For instance, according to the beliefs, the cat could not accompany Shakyamuni’s deathbed because it got up late, and was busy with putting on makeup and catching mice. Even when the cat attended the event, cat was the only one that was not crying while other animals were weeping in sadness. Moreover, the cat caught a mouse that went to bring the bag of Queen Maya (Buddha’s mother) with an elixir to save Shakyamuni, leading him to death as a result. The beliefs explain that this was the reason for which cats were excluded from Nirvana Paintings. Such inherited beliefs may not be based on historical fact, but it is undeniable that they give great influences on formation of Nirvana Paintings. Besides, in Buddhism, cats lack nature of Buddha and symbolize destruction of life and they are depicted as animals driving the mice out, while mice were considered animals bringing wealth under the protection of King Vaisravana. Thus, cats failed to be included in the list of animals of Twelve Elements of Dependent Origination. Moreover, according to traditional folk beliefs, the cat was considered a devilish animal that causes disturbance to the corpse by approaching the dead body when death occurred. All these factors were attributable to exclusion of cats from Nirvana Paintings.

유기묘를 위한 디지털 콘텐츠 개발

배장은(Bae, Jang Eun),김승인(Kim, Seung In) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2015 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.15 No.1

최근 유기되는 반려동물의 수가 급증하면서 유기동물은 우리 사회에 큰 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 특히 길고양이의 경우, 옛 사람들의 불운한 동물로 인식하는 편견과 도시화된 환경에서 인간과의 충돌로 인해 일부에서는 길고양이를 살처분 대상으로 여기고 있다. 따라서 인간과 길고양이 간의 윤리적인 조화와 공존을 위해 유기묘를 위한 모바일 애플리케이션과 캐릭터를 개발하였다. 그 연구 내용으로 첫째, ‘사용자 경험의 요소’를 활용한 모바일 애플리케이션 ‘ohmyCat’의 프로토타입을 제작하여 유기묘 입양을 도울 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 유기묘 입양은 실명가입을 전제로 개인과 동물보호소 및 동물보호단체 등이 서로 연계되어 있어 지역별 유기묘 입양이 신속하게 이루어질 수 있으며, 각 회원마다 신뢰도를 확인할 수 있도록 시스템을 구성하였다. 또한 길고양이 급식, TNR 사업 등 유기묘를 후원을 위한 메뉴와 유기묘 문제해결에 적극적인 제휴 업체들과의 상호협력을 통해 수익구조를 설계할 수 있도록 제시하였다. 둘째, 스토리텔링 기반의 고양이 캐릭터 개발과 캐릭터 상품제작을 통해 사용자들의 일상에서 고양이를 친근하게 접할 수 있는 방안을 도출하였다. 행운의 상징인 삼색고양이를 대상으로 TNR의 표식인 한쪽 귀가 잘려진 캐릭터 디자인과 스토리텔링의 요소인 캐릭터, 배경, 사건, 소재, 주제를 통해 길고양이 캐릭터 ‘삼색냥’을 개발하였으며, 본 캐릭터를 팬시상품으로 제작하여 일상에서 길고양이 캐릭터를 친근하게 접할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구는 고양이를 중심의 디지털 콘텐츠를 통해 유기묘의 입양을 돕고 사람들에게 친숙하고 호감 가는 존재로 다가갈 수 있도록 하기 위함이며, 본 애플리케이션과 캐릭터 상품을 통해 유기묘 문제해결에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. As abandoned companion animals are rapidly increased at present, they are a big issue of our society. Some people especially consider alley cats as the subject to be destroyed because of the prejudice that ancient people recognized them as unlucky animals and conflict with people in urbanized environment. Therefore, this research developed mobile application and character for abandoned cats so that human and alley cats can be ethically harmonized and coexisted. For the contents of the research, first, prototype of "ohmyCat", a mobile application utilizing ‘the factor of user"s experience’ was produced and measures to help abandoned cats" adoption were suggested. For the adoption of abandoned cats, individuals, animal shelter, animal protection group, etc. are mutually related based on the joining by real name, so abandoned cats can be adopted regionally and rapidly and the system was organized so that each member can confirm the reliability. In addition, this research suggested menus for supporting abandoned cats, such as alley cats" feeding, TNR project, etc, and mutual cooperation with affiliated enterprises who are active to solve the problem of abandoned cats so as to design income structure. Second, measures to approach abandoned cats friendly were drawn through the development of storytelling based cat character and manufacturing of character product. For calico cats, a symbol of luck, "Samsaeknyang" which is a character of alley cat was developed by character design of cut ear for a symbol of TNR, storytelling factors such as character, background, accident, materials and subject. This character was produced by fancy product so that users can approach the character of alley cat friendly during the daily life. The purposes of this research are to help the adoption of abandoned cats through the cat-oriented digital contents and let them approach people friendly and favorably. In addition, this application and character product should be usefully utilized to solve the problem of abandoned cats.

중등학교 영어 지필선별검사의 SPRT CAT로의 전환 가능성 탐색

부재율(Jaeyool Boo) 한국교육평가학회 2014 교육평가연구 Vol.27 No.2

컴퓨터이용개별적응검사(CAT)는 기존의 지필검사에 비해 여러 장점을 가지고 있지만 검사 과정이 일반 사용자에게 익숙하지 않다는 약점을 가진다. SPRT CAT는 검사 시작과 진행 단계가 모든 피험자에게 동일한 순서로 치러지므로 사용자의 거부감을 줄이는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 중등학교 영어 지필선별검사를 SPRT CAT로 전환하는 것의 가능성을 탐색해보았다. 검사의 효율성과 판정의 정확성을 기준으로 결과를 살펴보았고, 전환하고자 할 때 사용 가능한 SPRT CAT의 결정오류확률과 무차별영역의 크기를 찾아보았다. 연구 결과를 토대로 기존의 영어 지필선별검사를 SPRT CAT로 전환 할 때 효율성이 증가하며 정확성이 보장된다고 결론지었다. 추가적으로 내용균형화를 고려한 SPRT CAT의 결과 분석 연구를 제안하였다. In testing applications which are interested in classifying students into one of multiple categories, it is important to make accurate classification decisions with efficiency. With the increased availability of computers for education, computerized testing procedures were developed for making these classification decisions. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of developing a SPRT CAT version of a paper-and-pencil English screening test. Study results support development of a SPRT CAT. Numbers of items administered for making a decision were decreased in SPRT CAT and consistent decisions were made across two (paper-and-pencil & SPRT CAT) versions of the test. Decision error rate, .10 and indifference zone, 0.30 & 080 or decision error rate, .075 and indifference zone, 0.25 & 085 were suggested for implementing a SPRT CAT. Further study for SPRT CAT with content balancing was suggested.

웹 기반 SPRT형 CAT의 반복학습형 활용 효과

김영환 ( Young Hwan Kim ),이현아 ( Hyun Ah Lee ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2006 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.12 No.4

웹 기반 CAT는 평가용으로 뿐만 아니라 반복학습을 통해 면대면 수업을 보조하는 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구의 목적은 구체적으로 어떻게 웹 기반 CAT를 실제 수업과 블렌딩 했을 때 학습자의 태도와 학업성취도에 가장 많은 영향을 주는지를 알아보는 것이다. 연구 목적의 달성을 위해 연구자들은 하나의 웹 기반 CAT 홈페이지를 개발하였고, 연구팀중의 한 사람이 세 개의 분반들이 각각 다른 유형 (자율형, 계약형, 강제형)으로 이 홈페이지를 활용하면서 모 대학교의 교직과목 수업을 한 학기동안 실시하였다. 본 연구결과, 웹 혼합형 수업에서 강제적으로 CAT를 활용하는 유형의 학생들이 수업에 대한 태도뿐만 아니라 객관식·주관식 학업성취점수에서도 긍정적인 결과를 나타내었다. 그리고 CAT의 활용을 높이기 위해서는 강제형과 같이 웹 기반 CAT 활용에 대해 교수자가 적극적으로 개입하는 것이 효과적이라고 밝혀졌다. 또한 객관식 문항 위주의 CAT 활용을 통한 기본 개념의 완전한 습득이 서술형 주관식 문항의 학업성취를 높이는 데에도 유의미한 효과를 주는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to figure out the best approach of using CAT for drills and practices mode of learning among three different types of usages (uncontrolled, contract based, controlled). There were two research questions: are there meaningful effects among three different types of CAT application on the attitude and the achievement of learners? Subjects of this study were 74 senior undergraduate students who take "educational technology and methodology" which is a required course for gaining teachers` certificate. Most of the students have high motivation and academic achievements usually. They were divided into the three groups randomly and they were assigned to one of three types of experimental group: First, the type of students` own practicing CAT in the course adjuncted web. Second, the type of students practicing CAT under the contract with teacher in the course adjuncted web. Third, the type of students practicing CAT under the control of teacher in the course mixed web. Following the outcomes, this study indicated that the third group(controlled) expressed their satisfaction at practicing CAT as well as presenting positive attitude mostly. In addition, the group made higher academic scores than other two groups also. There were two suggestions for further study: First, it is necessary to research detailed feedback strategies regarding to students` capacity in using web-based CAT course. Second, it is required to develop strategies for enhancing students` voluntary participation by organizing on-line communities in using web-based CAT course.