단일인자 유전과 다인자 유전에 관한 고등학교 생명과학Ⅰ 교과서 내용분석 연구

이성재,전상학 한국생물교육학회 2022 생물교육 Vol.50 No.2

Recently, it has been suggested that some human traits taught as monogenic inheritance are not monogenic traits. This study examined whether the concepts of "monogenic inheritance" and "multifactor inheritance" in the Life ScienceⅠ textbook had any inaccuracies, as well as whether the examples of genetic traits used to explain monogenic inheritance were appropriate. For this research, four major books on biology, genetics, and eight high school life scienceⅠ textbooks were compared to clarify the meaning of two genetic concepts and then four human traits (earlobe attachment, cheek dimple, widow’s peak, and togue rolling) were analyzed by using OMIM, a human trait database, and related literature to determine whether or not they were an appropriate example of monogenic traits. As a result, the term "multifactorial inheritance" was not clearly distinguished between "polygenic" and "multifactorial." In addition, we found that explanations in textbooks could give rise to alternative concepts for both genetic concepts. We also found that there is insufficient literature and studies suggesting that earlobe attachment, cheek dimples, widow’s peak, and tongue rolling are monogenic traits. Therefore, we recommend that some human genetic traits which are widely acknowledged by many scientists and commonly mentioned in biology major books should be primarily considered to teach monogenic inheritance. In conclusion, we hope that this research will be useful in clarifying two ambigous genetic concepts in Life ScienceⅠ textbooks and proposing the direction of textbook revision.

Novel fuzzy based model on analysis of invasiveness due to dispersal related traits of plants

HOW Peiris,S. Chakraverty,SSN Perera,SMW Ranwala 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2017 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.13 No.3

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) can be considered as a serious threat to the existence of the biodiversity as they alter physical, chemical and biological components of the environment. Invasive potential of species can be recognized by their biological traits. Therefore, it is very important, if a model could be developed to measure the biological risk of plant species before introducing to a new environment. This work aims to incorporate dispersal related biological traits into a mathematical model to evaluate the risk of plant species. To build up the model, four factors of dispersal traits have been considered and grade of important weights of these traits towards invasiveness was assigned as explained in Chang's extent analysis and Buckly's methods (Column geometric mean method). The present model is found to be a better tracking system for identifying potential invaders compared to the conventional manually conducted risk assessment methods when incorporated with important weights as per Chang's extent analysis.

특성불안의 수준에 따른 생물형운동의 정서 변별 특징

김제중 한국심리학회 2019 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.38 No.4

Individuals with high trait-anxiety show biased cognitive processing, and aberrantly process social and emotional information in facial expression. A recent study indicated that anxious individuals had difficulty in detecting biological motion (BM) that has rich social information from noise elements, but performed better when the stimuli contained emotional valence. The same study showed that emotion did not facilitate explicit emotion discrimination in high anxiety group. However, the present study hypothesized that people with high trait-anxiety would be more sensitive to emotional information in the discrimination task, if more sophisticatedly controlled. Therefore, an emotion discrimination task using emotional BM and a control task which had only emotionally-neutral BMs were administered to high- and low-trait-anxiety groups. The results showed better discrimination accuracy in high-anxiety group in the emotion discrimination task while no difference in the control task. These results confirmed that trait-anxiety affects emotional processing in BM as well as in facial expression. Further consideration on related social functioning, limitations and future research were discussed. 높은 수준의 특성불안은 정보 처리 과정에서의 인지편향과 관련될 뿐 아니라, 일상에서의 사회적 정보 및 정서 처리 과정에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근에 고-특성불안 집단과 저-특성불안 집단을 대상으로, 정서가를 포함 또는 포함하지 않은 점광생물형운동(point-light biological motion) 자극이 사용된 시지각 및 정서변별 연구가 수행되었다. 이 선행연구의 시각적 탐지과제에서는 정서가의 여부를 알려주지 않고, 방해 자극과 같이 제시된 표적자극(생물형운동)을 탐지하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 고불안 집단은 정서가 포함된 표적자극을 찾는 시행에서 중립자극 시행에 비해 수행 향상을 보였다. 그러나 두 개의 자극을 비교하여 직접 정서를 변별하도록 한 과제에서는 집단 간 정확도의 차이가 없었다. 즉, 선행연구에서는 두 과제에서 고불안 집단이 더 정서에 민감하다는 일관된 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 그러나, 본 연구는 선행연구의 정서변별과제 설계가 정서 정보 처리의 집단 차이를 관찰하기에 충분하지 않았을 가능성을 고려하였다. 이에 따라, 보완된 정서변별과제와 함께 정서 중립 생물형운동만을 이용한 비교과제를 실행하였다. 실험 결과, 정서변별과제에서 고불안 집단의 변별정확도가 저불안 집단보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 정서가가 없는 자극이 사용된 비교과제에서는 불안 수준에 따른 정확도의 차이가 없었다. 본 연구를 통하여 특성불안의 수준에 따라 생물형운동 자극의 정서 처리가 달라짐을 확인하였으며, 연구 결과와 함께 사회적 기능과의 관련성, 연구의 제한점, 그리고 가능한 후속연구에 대하여 논의하였다.

Determining Water Depths for Monitoring Coastal Water Quality Using Multiple Functional Traits of Periphytic Protozoa in Marine Ecosystems

Congcong Guo,Xiaoyun Bai,Mamun Abdullah Al,Mohammad Nurul Azim Sikder,Henglong Xu 한국해양과학기술원 2019 Ocean science journal Vol.54 No.1

Biological trait analysis (BTA) of protozoan communities has been used a useful bioindicator of environmental quality status in marine ecosystems. To determine the optimal water depths for bioassessment using multiple functional traits of periphytic protozoa, community functioning was studied at different water depths in the Yellow Sea, northern China. The community-weighted means (CWM) of bacterivores with small sizes showed an increasing trend from surface layers to the deeper ones, while those of algivores with medium and large sizes revealed an opposite trend, i.e., a decreasing trend from surface layers to deeper ones. However, with those of predators were distributed at depths of 2 to 3.5 m. There was a significant difference in the functional patterns, except for those at depths of 2 to 3.5 m (P > 0.05). All diversity indices except FDiv generally peaked and leveled off at either 2 or 3.5 m although they decreased with depth. The results suggest that sampling at depths of 2 and 3.5 m may be an optimal strategy for assessing water quality using the functional pattern of protozoa in coastal ecosystems.

가야산의 저서성 대형무척추동물 섭식기능군 및 서식습성군 분포와 생물학적 수질평가

문태영 ( Tae Young Moon ),안미순 ( Mi Soon An ),김형곤 ( Hyoung Gon Kim ),윤춘식 ( Chun Sik Yoon ),정선우 ( Seon Woo Cheong ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

In the present study, the community distribution, functional feeding groups, and habitat groups of the benthic macroinvertebrates from Gayasan National Park were investigated at eight different sites from 2015 to 2016. The correlation between habitat altitude and each group type was analyzed statistically. Biodiversity indices, including dominance, diversity, richness, and evenness indices, were calculated. The results showed a total of 4,216 individual benthic macroinvertebrates were collected, including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 16 orders, 40 families, and 100 species. Gammarus sobaegensis was dominant with 0.141% dominance, and the subdominant species was Epeorus nipponicus with 0.088% dominance. The EPT group(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Tricoptera) accounted for 71.00% of the total species and 67.69% of the total individuals. The number of scraper species was highest, and the number of gathering collector individuals was highest among functional feeding groups. The individual number of scrapers(r=-0.358, p < 0.05) and gathering collectors(r=-0.343, p < 0.05) decreased with increasing altitude. The numbers of species and individuals of clingers and sprawlers were highest among the habitat groups. The individual number of clingers(r=-0.547, p < 0.01) and burrowers(r=-0.331, p < 0.05) significantly decreased with increasing altitude. The diversity and richness indices were higher in St. 3 than in the other sites. The dominance index was highest in St. 2, and the evenness index was highest in St. 7. We evaluated the biological water quality with several known methods, and concluded that ESB(Ecological score of benthic macrovertebrates community) and GPI(Group polution index) were more suitable than KSI(Korean saprobic index) and BMI (Benthic macrovertebrate index) to assess the biological water quality of Gayasan mountain stream water.

Cimicomorpha Revisited (Insecta: Heteroptera): Phylogenetic Relationships and the Evolution of Haemocoelic Insemination, Parasitism, and Feeding Habits

Sunghoon Jung,Seunggwan Shin,Ram K. Duwal,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Cimicomorpha is one of the most diverse groups in true bugs, and attract a great attention for a variety of reasons, among them, extraordinary insemination methods in the bed bugs and their relatives (Cimicoidea), feeding-habits alternations in the plant bugs (Miridae), parasitism in the bed bugs and their relatives (Cimicidae and Polyctenidae), agricultural pests in the lace bugs and the plant bugs (Tingidae and Miridae), biological control agents in the minute pirate bugs and the plant bugs (e.g., the genus Orius), disease transmission in the Triatominae (Reduviidae), and micro-habitat transition in the assassin bugs and the flower bugs (Reduviidae and Anthocoridae). In this talk, we propose the phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha especially including some critical taxa in terms of the biological traits such as haemocoelic insemination and parasitism (e.g., the species belonging to Lasiochilidae, Lyctocoridae, Prostemminae and Corydromius). Based on the phylogenetic results, we also present the evolutionary history of the specialized biological traits of the Cimicomorpha using phylogenetic comparative analyses.

인간은 유전자에 구속된 존재인가? - 우생학(eugenics)의 생물학적 결정론 비판 -

김호연 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2008 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.19

The aim of this study is to examine social consequences by Eugenics by explaining all human traits, behaviors based on genetic theory (biological determinism). Eugenics argued the logic of selection and exclusion by regarding the problems of human existence as disease which could be the physical traits or the results of social conditions. That is, the history shows that Eugenics functioned as an ideology that fixed and reproduced social complaints by controlling and managing the human body scientifically with the justification of human improvements. In this study, pioneering theories of Eugenics were examined and closely examined the principle of Galton Eugenics, finally analyze what kind of social consequences were resulted by Eugenics. This will reitificate(Verdinglichung) human and a composition of genetics and it will become the base of critical review on modern medical genetics that regards improving the health and disease of humans as the task in priority by manipulating determined genetics manipulation. 이 연구의 목적은 우생학이 인간의 모든 특질과 질병, 행동 등을 유전 원리에 기초하여 설명함으로써 야기된 사회적 결과는 무엇인지를 고찰해보는 것이다. 우생학은 육체적 특질은 물론이고, 사회적 조건의 부산물일 수 있는 인간 실존의 문제들조차 질병으로 간주하며, 선택과 배제의 논리를 설파했다. 즉 우생학은 인간 개선을 명분으로 삼아 인간의 몸(the body)을 과학적 방식으로 통제하고 관리함으로써 사회적 불평등을 고착화하고, 재생산하는 이데올로기로서의 기능을 역사 속에서 보여주었다. 이 글에서는 먼저 우생학의 선구적 이론들을 살펴보고, 다음으로 골턴 우생학의 원리를 고찰한 뒤, 마지막으로 우생학이 어떤 사회적 결과를 낳았는지를 분석할 것이다. 이는 인간을 유전자의 구성물로서 물화(Verdinglichung)시키며, 인간의 건강과 질병을 정량화된 유전자에 대한 조작을 통해 개선하는 것을 최우선의 과제로 삼고 있는 현대 의료 유전학(medical genetics)에 대한 비판적 검토의 단초가 될 것이다.

인간은 유전자에 구속된 존재인가?

김호연(Kim Ho-Yeon) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2008 江原人文論叢 Vol.19 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 우생학이 인간의 모든 특질과 질병, 행동 등을 유전 원리에 기초하여 설명함으로써 야기된 사회적 결과는 무엇인지를 고찰해보는 것이다. 우생학은 육체적 특질은 물론이고, 사회적 조건의 부산물일 수 있는 인간 실존의 문제들조차 질병으로 간주하며, 선택과 배제의 논리를 설파했다. 즉 우생학은 인간 개선을 명분으로 삼아 인간의 몸(the body)을 과학적 방식으로 통제하고 관리함으로써 사회적 불평등을 고착화하고, 재생산하는 이데올로기로서의 기능을 역사 속에서 보여주었다. 이 글에서는 먼저 우생학의 선구적 이론들을 살펴보고, 다음으로 골턴 우생학의 원리를 고찰한 뒤, 마지막으로 우생학이 어떤 사회적 결과를 낳았는지를 분석할 것이다. 이는 인간을 유전자의 구성물로서 물화(Verdinglichung)시키며, 인간의 건강과 질병을 정량화된 유전자에 대한 조작을 통해 개선하는 것을 최우선의 과제로 삼고 있는 현대 의료 유전학(medical genetics)에 대한 비판적 검토의 단초가 될 것이다. The aim of this study is to examine social consequences by Eugenics by explaining all human traits, behaviors based on genetic theory (biological determinism). Eugenics argued the logic of selection and exclusion by regarding the problems of human existence as disease which could be the physical traits or the results of social conditions. That is, the history shows that Eugenics functioned as an ideology that fixed and reproduced social complaints by controlling and managing the human body scientifically with the justification of human improvements. In this study, pioneering theories of Eugenics were examined and closely examined the principle of Galton Eugenics, finally analyze what kind of social consequences were resulted by Eugenics. This will reitificate(Verdinglichung) human and a composition of genetics and it will become the base of critical review on modern medical genetics that regards improving the health and disease of humans as the task in priority by manipulating determined genetics manipulation.

Insight into tidal disturbance on colonization surveys for marine bioassessment using periphytic ciliates based on biological trait analysis

Zhong, Xiaoxiao,Xu, Guangjian,Min, Gi-Sik,Kim, Sanghee,Xu, Henglong Elsevier 2019 MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN Vol.149 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To understand tidal disturbance on the colonization dynamics in community functioning of the ciliates in marine ecosystems, a 1-month survey was conducted using the conventional slide system (CS) and the polyurethane foam enveloped slide system (PFES) in Korean coastal waters. The results showed considerable differences were detected in community functioning parameters between the two systems. The vagile, flattened forms feeding on periphytic microalgae showed a higher community-weighted mean (CWM) value, and the solitary-colonial pattern represented a more stable temporal variability during the colonization in the PFES system than the CS system. The temporal shift in community functioning of the ciliates showed different ways in both systems. The functional diversity measures generally levelled off at more stable values in the communities with ages of 13–15 days in the PFES system than the CS system. These results imply that the PFES system may be a workable method for bioassessment in marine ecosystems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There were differences in community functioning between the CS and PFES systems. </LI> <LI> The vagile, flattened forms showed higher CWM values in the PFES system. </LI> <LI> The solitary-colonial pattern showed a stable temporal variability in the PFES system. </LI> <LI> The dynamics of functional diversity were found more stable in the PFES system. </LI> <LI> The PFES system was effective for reducing the disturbance due to tidal events. </LI> </UL> </P>

Biology and natural enemies of Agrilus fleischeri (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a newly emerging destructive buprestid pest in Northeast China

Kai Zang,Xiaoyi Wang,Zhongqi Yang,Ke Wei,Jian Jun Duan 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1

Agrilus fleischeri Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is anemerging pest of poplar trees in northeast China, and is responsible for poplarmortality throughout its range. Its biology and natural enemieswere studied at two field locations from 2013 to 2015 as well as via laboratory experiments. Life history of A. fleischeri was univoltine on exotic Populus nigra var. italica and overwintered asmature larvae in pupal chambers; however,was semivoltine on native Populus davidiana and overwintered as 2nd or 3rd instar larvae in Liaoning Province, China. Adults emerged fromlateMay to mid-Augustwith a peak in early June. Eggswere first discovered in early June and continued to late August. Larvae fed frommid-June to late September of univoltine or frommid-June to the next early September of semivoltine. The sex ratio of adult beetleswas approximately 1:1 (M:F).Mean longevities of female and male adults were 34.87 ± 18.70 and 34.33 ± 18.10 days, respectively. Mean duration of egg stage was 12.83±1.10 days and pupal duration 26.40±1.32 days.Mortality in the fieldwas mainly caused by parasitoids; however, pathogens, predators, and host tree resistance were also noted. The egg parasitoids, Oobius spp. attacked 48.0% and 6.48% of A. fleischeri eggs in P. nigra var. italica and P. davidiana, respectively. Polystenus rugosus and Paramblynotus sp. parasitized 0.71% and 52.17% of larvae in P. nigra var. italica respectively. Euderus fleischeri, Polystenus rugosus, andSpathius sp.were found in P. davidianawith parasitismrates of 7.63%, 4.83%, and 0.25% respectively.