농업부산물의 고열량 연료 및 바이오차 전환을 위한 최적 열처리 조건 연구

김진성(Jin Seung Kim),송규섭(Gyu-Seob Song),박주형(Ju-Hyoung Park),노영훈(Young –Hoon Noh),최영찬(Young-Chan Choi),전충환(Chung-Hwan Jeon),이영주(Young-Joo Lee) 한국환경에너지공학회 2024 환경에너지공학 Vol.19 No.1

The raw material for the mushroom medium is manufactured from woo d sawdust, which is biomass. The main focus of this study can be said to be discov ering a use for the spent medium discarded after harvesting mushrooms. Plants abs orb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and store it as biomass, and when this biomass is buried in soil, microorganisms decompose it over approximately 10 year s, releasing the carbon back into the environment. As a result, the stored carbon re mains sequestered and does not contribute to carbon emissions about 10 years. Ho wever, converting biomass into bio-char rearranges it into the stable isotope 13C, which is not subject to biological decomposition. This allows us to confirm the carb on sequestration effect of bio-char. This study investigates the conversion of mushr oom waste medium, an agricultural by-product, into bio-fuels and bio-char through thermal-treatment. Starting from 350°C, the standard temperature recognized as bio -char, the characteristics of bio-pellet fuel at low temperatures and bio-char at hi gh temperatures were analyzed. We analyzed the optimal conditions for conversion to biofuel (bio-char, bio-pellet fuel) to reduce greenhouse gases, and separately e valuated the fuel characteristics of bio-pellets and the CO2 adsorption capacity of bio-char.

바이오차에 대한 인식 및 대체 시용 의사 분석: 강원도 쌀 재배 농가를 중심으로

이경한,이혜원,조용빈,황윤미,이지용 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.34 No.2

While climate change is a major concern globally, carbon reduction is a significant challenge worldwide. South Korea has committed to raising its greenhouse gas reduction target by 2030 (from the current 26.3% reduction to 40% compared to 2018). This study investigated the perception of Gangwon rice farmers regarding to climate change due to carbon emissions and their awareness of Bio-Char. The study also examined whether rice producers are willing to substitute lime manure with Bio-Char upon receiving information regarding Bio-Char. Additionally, the degree of carbon isolation through the use of Bio-Char was examined. Results showed that use of Bio-Char pellets in rice cultivation contributes to approximately 14.3% of the target reduction in carbon emissions in the agricultural sector. The surveyed rice farmers were amenable to the use of Bio-Char for agricultural production. Particularly, the rate of substitution with Bio-Char increased with positive information regarding its application in agricultural production.

Characterization of the bio-oil and bio-char produced by fixed bed pyrolysis of the brown alga Saccharina japonica

최재형,김승수,서동진,장은정,민경일,우희철 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.9

Brown alga Saccharina japonica was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor under conditions intended to maximize the yield of bio-oil and bio-char. The results revealed that the product distribution of bio-oil, bio-char, and gas was considerably influenced by the pyrolysis temperature (430-530 oC) and holding time (4-10min). The maximum yields of bio-oil and bio-char were approximately 48.4 and 32.3wt%, respectively, when prepared at 450 oC for 8min with a carrier gas flow rate of 2.2 cm/s. The fuel properties of dewatered S. japonica bio-oil (DSB) included higher heating value (HHV), kinematic viscosity, density, moisture and ash content, pH, and flash and pour point. The possibility of blending 5-20 vol% DSB with No. 6 fuel oil (Bunker C oil) was also examined. The physicochemical properties of the bio-char exhibited decreased carbon and HHV, and increased inorganic elements and surface area, with increasing pyrolysis temperature.

Nitrogen Transformation in Soil Cooperated with Organic Composts and Bio-char During Corn (Zea mays) Cultivation

신중두 유기성자원학회 2014 유기물자원화 Vol.22 No.3

This study were conducted to evaluate the N mineralization and nitrification rates and to estimate the losses of total carbon and nitrogen by runoff water in soils cooperated with organic composts and bio-char during corn cultivation. For the experiment, the soil texture used in this study was clay loam, and application rates of chemical fertilizer and bio-char were 230-107-190 kg ha-1(N-P2O5-K2O) as recommended amount after soil test and 0.2% to soil weight. The soil samples were periodically taken at every 15 day intervals during the experimental periods. The treatments were consisted of cow compost, pig compost, swine digestate from aerobic digestion system, and their bio-char cooperation. For N mineralization and nitrification rates, it was shown that there were generally low in the soil cooperated with bio-char as compared to the only application plots of different organic composts except for 47 days after sowing. Also, they were observed to be highest in the application plot of swine digestate from aerobic digestion system. For loss of total carbon by run-off water, it was ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 kg ha-1 in the different organic compost treatment plots. However, Loss of total carbon with bio-char could be reduced at 0.4 kg ha-1 in PC treatment plot. Also, with application of bio-char, total nitrogen was estimated to be reduced at 4.2 (15.1%) and 3.8 (11.8%) kg ha-1 in application plots of pig compost and swine aerobic digestate, respectively.

Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by bio-chars obtained during biomass pyrolysis

Huseyin Deveci,Yakup Kar 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1

In this study, bio-chars were evaluated as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of some important parameters including initial pH (1.5–7), adsorbent dose (0.2–5 g/L), contact time (5–900 min) and initial Cr (VI) ion concentration (5–75 mg/L) were tested on the removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution in batch experiments. Maximum adsorption capacities of the tested bio-chars under the certain experimental conditions determined as optimal were 3.53 mg/g for NCBC, 3.97 mg/g for NZCBC and 6.08 mg/g for ACBC, respectively. Results of the kinetic and isotherm modeling studies revealed that the adsorption data fitted well with a pseudo-second order and Langmuir model. In among the tested bio-chars, the bio-char (ACBC) was largely equivalent to activated carbon: AC (9.97 mg/g) in terms of adsorption capacity. All results indicated that the bio-chars had higher adsorption capacity than some chars and activated carbons reported previously, and also that these bio-chars could be used successfully as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions under the tested experimental conditions.

Rheology and fuel properties of slurries of char and bio-oil derived from slow pyrolysis of cassava pulp residue and palm shell

Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai,Piyarat Weerachanchai,Malee Tangsathitkulchai 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.12

Three bio-oil samples, namely, raw bio-oil from pyrolysis of cassava pulp residue (CPR), separated oil phase and aqueous phase of bio-oil from pyrolysis of palm shell (PS), were used as suspending media for preparing slurries of bio-oil and the co-product char. Rheologies of all tested slurries exhibited pseudoplasticity with yield stress and the degree of this non-Newtonian behavior depended on such parameters as slurry type, solid concentration, particle size and slurry temperature. Overall, char/bio-oil slurries gave better fuel properties including higher pH and reasonably high calorific value (18-32 MJ/kg) as compared to their bio-oil properties. Combustion of char/bio-oil slurries occurred in the temperature range similar to their solid char combustion and without ignition delay.

바이오숯을 함유한 모르타르의 역학적 특성

최원창,윤현도,이재연 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2012 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.3

바이오매스에서 얻어지는 바이오차는 토질 개량제와 탄소 격리제로 제한적인 분야에서 성공적으로 사용되고 있다. 현재 산업전반에서 CO2 에 의한 환경에 부정적인 영향을 완화시키고 지속가능성을 증진시키기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고탄소 바이오차를 탄소 격리제 또는 시멘트의 혼화재로써 활용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 견목재에서 얻어진 바이오차를 혼화재로 사용하여 시멘트 배합조건을 달리하면서 모타르의 압축강도, 마이크로구조, 압축강도, 유동성, 중량감소와 같은 화학적, 물리적 재료성질을 평가하였다. 또한 플리이애쉬를 사용한 모르타르의 역학적 특성과 비교 평가하였다. Bio-char, obtained from biomass as a by-product of the pyrolysis process, is used successfully as a soil amendment and carbon sequester in this limited study. Recent and active research from literatures has extended the application of bio-char in the industry to promote sustainability and help mitigate the negative environmental impacts caused by carbon emissions. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of high-carbon bio-char as a carbon sequester and/or admixture in mortar and concrete to improve the sustainability of concrete. This paper presents the experimental results of an initial attempt to develop a cement admixture using bio-char. In particular, the effects of the water retention capacity of bio-char in concrete are investigated. The chemical and mechanical properties (e.g., the chemical components, microstructure, concrete weight loss, compressive strength and mortar flow) are examined using sample mortar mixes with varying replacement rates of cement that contains hardwood bio-char. The experimental results also are compared with mortar mixes that contain fly ash as the cement substitute.

음식물폐기물 Bio-char를 이용한 인공광산배수 내의 중금속 흡착침전에 관한 연구

정원덕,오민아,조우리,박성규,이재영 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The amount of food waste is generated every year in Korea. Despite food waste contain a large amount of valuable organic resources, The rate of recycling is low because of high moisture contents and sodium. It proposed a solution to the problem is the Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. The Bio-char is produced by HTC allows to increase the recycling uses. The agents of heavy metal adsorption are mainly used with lime and activated carbon. However, these have difficulties such as low economical feasibility and solubility. This study focused on the application of the adsorbent. It is expected to have advantages in heavy metal waste water like Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) or industrial effluent. In this study, the adsorption capacity of bio-char was measured with the conditions of the time and the amount of bio-char inputs to remove in the artificial AMD. Artificial waste water 10 ppm and 100 ppm was prepared using Cu, Pb, Cd, As, and analyzed a batch-test to find the optimum condition. The experimental results showed The optimal blending ratios with activated bio-char and contaminated water were 1 : 20 for high concentration (100 ppm), 1 : 100 for low concentration (10 ppm). As the results, the absorption efficiency of the heavy metals, shows more than 99% except for arsenic.

Bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of furniture processing residue

Hoang Vu Ly,Quoc Khanh Tran,천병희,오창호,김진수,김승수 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.2

The pyrolysis characteristic of furniture processing residue (FPR), which was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen atmosphere, mainly decomposed between 230 oC and 500 oC. The FPR was submitted to fast pyrolysis in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor (BFR) for converting into bio-oil, bio-char. The product distribution and characteristics of bio-oil depend on the operating conditions (temperature, fluidizing flow rate, particle size of sample). The bio-oil yield showed the highest value (50.68 wt%) at the pyrolysis temperature of 450 oC with a biomass particle size of 1.0mm and a fluidization velocity of 2.0×Umf. The bio-oil had high selectivity for dioctyl phthalate, levoglucosan, and phenolic derivatives. The carbon number proportions in bio-oils of FPR were 32.74wt% for C5- C11 fraction, 47.60 wt% for C12-C18 fraction and 19.38 wt% of C25-C38 fraction, respectively. The gas product included CO, CO2, H2, and hydrocarbons (C1-C4), and the selectivity of CO2 was the highest. The high heating value (HHV) of gas products was between 4.60 and 12.90 MJ/m3. The bio-char shows high HHV (23.87 MJ/kg) and high C content (62.47wt%) that can be applied as a solid fuel.

Effect of bio-char application combined with straw residue mulching on soil soluble nutrient loss in sloping arable land

Chiming Gu,Fang Chen,Ibrahim Mohamed,Margot Brooks,Zhiguo Li 한국탄소학회 2018 Carbon Letters Vol.26 No.-

We assessed the effects of combining bio-char with straw residue mulching on the loss of soil soluble nutrients and citrus yield in sloping land. The two-year study showed that straw residue mulching (ST) and bio-char application combined with straw residue (ST+BC) can significantly reduce soil soluble nutrient loss when compared with the control treatment (CK). The comparative volume of the soil surface runoff after each of the treatments was as follows: CK > ST > ST + BC. Compared with the CK, the runoff volume of the ST was reduced by 13.6 % and 8.5 % in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Compared with the CK, combining bio-char with the ST application reduced the loss of soluble nitrogen and improved the soil total nitrogen content reaching a significant level in 2015. It dramatically increased the soil organic matter content over the two year period (36.3% in 2014, 50.6% in 2015) as well as the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) (16.6% in 2014 and 39.3% in 2015). Straw mulching combined with bio-char showed a trend for increasing the citrus yield.