건축물에 사용된 석면함유물질(ACMs)의 조사 및 위해성 평가

김홍관 ( Hong-kwan Kim ),천영우 ( Young Woo Chon ),노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),홍승한 ( Seung-han Hong ),김치년 ( Chi-nyon Kim ),이익모 ( Ik-mo Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to research the usage characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials and to conduct exposure risk assessment by applying no. 2016-230 “Methods of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” from the Ministry of Environment. Methods: One hundred buildings located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon area were chosen, with 29 in Seoul, 20 in Incheon, and 51 in Gyeonggi-do Province. The year of construction was divided between three buildings in the 1970s, 11 buildings in the 1980s, 42 buildings in the 1990s, and 44 buildings in the 2000s. The bulk samples were analyzed by using a polarizing microscope after a pre-process using a stereomicroscope in a hood with an HEPA filter. This study defined ACMs (asbestos-containing materials) as asbestos when the content percentage was over 1% in the analysis result. Methods and standards of risk assessment of asbestos-containing building materials were conducted by refering to no. 2016-230 “Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” from the Ministry of Environment. The risk of exposure to ACMs was rated by a score based on three categories (high, middle, low risk of asbestos exposure). Results: In this study, 30 of the 100 buildings and 36 of the 416 bulk samples (8.6%) were found to have had asbestos. Asbestos was detected at a high rate, in 18 out of 42, in buildings constructed in the 1990s and at the lowest rate (7 out of 44) for buildings constructed in the 2000s. As a result of the evaluation according to no. 2016-230 “Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” of the Ministry of Environment, the risk assessment level of two asbestos-containing building materials was found to be “Medium”, and 28 buildings materials were found to be at the “Low” level. Conclusion: As asbestos is regulated by the government, it is required to conduct active management and implemention by introducing methods of risk assessment of asbestos exposure that are supported by data from various situations. In the case of buildings owned by individuals, building owners should be aware of the risk of exposure to asbestos.

석면함유폐기물 취급근로자의 석면노출수준 평가

정지연,김은영 한국산업보건학회 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Objectives: There have been many studies on exposure assessment of workers at companies using asbestos as a raw material and at sites of the removal of materials containing asbestos. However, no research has been carried out on the asbestos exposure of workers in industries involving asbestos-containing waste, such as workers at collection and transportation service companies, mid-treatment companies (solidification of asbestos-containing waste), and landfill sites. The objective of this study was to assess the asbestos exposure concentrations of workers in industries handling waste containing asbestos. Methods: For this study, we carried out field investigations at 15 companies: seven collection and transportation service companies, three mid-treatment companies, and five final treatment companies (landfill sites). We took both personal and area samples. Results: The range of asbestos exposure levels of workers handing asbestos-containing wastes at collection, mid-treatment, and landfill companies were 0.000 fibers/cc-0.009 fibers/cc, 0.000 fibers/cc-0.038 fibers/cc, and 0.000 fibers/cc-0.024 fibers/cc, respectively. Conclusions: The asbestos exposure levels of workers at mid-treatment companies were higher than those at collection and transportation companies and at final treatment companies. In the case of collection and transportation workers, the possibility of exposure to levels exceeding those found in the present study is not particularly high considering the characteristics of the work. However, in the case of intermediate or final disposal workers, it is considered that there is a possibility of exposure to levels above those found in this study.

석면 해체 및 제거 업체가 느끼는 관련 제도의 문제점 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

장재필 ( Jaepil Chang ),노영만 ( Youngman Rho ),정기효 ( Kihyo Jung ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2020 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the perceived problems of and suggest improvement measures for asbestos abatement companies in support of asbestos-related systems and policies. Methods: For this study a questionnaire was prepared consisting of current work (two questions), the contribution and necessity of a risk assessment system for asbestos abatement (two questions), and problems with and improvement measures for systems and policies (nine questions). The questionnaires were sent to 2,170 asbestos abatement companies and were returned by 83 companies (return rate = 3.8%). We conducted frequency analysis, ANOVA, and a Chi-squared test at the 5% significance level. Results: Asbestos abatement companies expressed difficulties with complying with wet work (43% of unenrolled managers), negative pressure enclosure (36% of all respondents), and installation and use of decontamination units (26% of all respondents) as stipulated in the relevant regulations. In addition, 43% of the respondents expressed concerns that the expertise of the company was not considered during bidding for asbestos abatement and hoped that an advantage (e.g., bid point) would be given to the upper grades for asbestos risk assessment (38%). Asbestos abatement companies generally rented and used negative pressure devices (including negative pressure recording devices) and suggested that periodic calibration (32%) is needed to ensure the performance of the rented equipment. Finally, the respondents asked for clear definitions for three situations specified in the Occupational Safety and Health Acts: (1) temporarily leaving the asbestos abatement workplace; (2) tasks with less airborne asbestos; and (3) physically breaking or cutting using a machine. Conclusions: The problems and improvement measures identified in this study of asbestos abatement companies can be utilized as fundamental information for the improvement of the systems and policies for safe asbestos abatement.

Asbestos is Still with Us: Repeat Call for a Universal Ban

Ramazzini, Collegium Korean Society of Environmental Health 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.2

All forms of asbestos are proven human carcinogens. All forms of asbestos cause malignant mesothelioma, lung, laryngeal, and ovarian cancers, and may cause gastrointestinal and other cancers. No exposure to asbestos is without risk, and there is no safe threshold of exposure to asbestos. Asbestos cancer victims die painful lingering deaths. These deaths are almost entirely preventable. When evidence of the carcinogenicity of asbestos became incontrovertible, concerned parties, including the Collegium Ramazzini, called for a universal ban on the mining, manufacture and use of asbestos in all countries around the world. Asbestos is now banned in 52 countries, and safer products have replaced many materials that once were made with asbestos. Nonetheless, a large number of countries still use, import, and export asbestos and asbestos-containing products. And still today in many countries that have banned other forms of asbestos, the so-called "controlled use" of chrysotile asbestos continues to be permitted, an exemption that has no basis in medical science but rather reflects the political and economic influence of the asbestos mining and manufacturing industry. To protect the health of all people in the world, industrial workers, construction workers, women and children, now and in future generations - the Collegium Ramazzini calls again today on all countries of the world, as we have repeatedly in the past, to join in the international endeavor to ban all forms of asbestos. An international ban on asbestos is urgently needed.

Melting Characteristics of Asbestos Cement Slate on Basicity Control

윤진한(Yun, Jinhan),길상인(Keel, Sangin),민태진(Min, Taijin),이정규(Lee, Chungkyu),장두훈(Jang, Duhun) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

Asbestos is the collective name for a group of naturally occurring minerals in their fibrous form and hydrous silicates of magnesium and a mineral fiber that has been used commonly in a variety of building construction materials for insulation and as a fire-retardant. Asbestos has been used for a wide range of manufactured goods, because of its fiber strength and heat resistant properties. Nevertheless harmful of asbestos is quite serious. Exposure to airborne friable asbestos may result in a potential health risk because persons breathing the air may breathe in asbestos fibers. Continued exposure can increase the amount of fibers that remain in the lung. Fibers embedded in lung tissue over time may cause serious lung diseases including asbestosis, lung cancer. In this paper, we carried out as fundamental study for dispose of asbestos cement slate safely and perfectly. Melting Temperature of asbestos need to more than 1,520?C and specially asbestos cement slate need more energy than that of pure asbestos. We need to decrease melting temperature of asbestos cement slate for economical efficiency. To the purpose, glass and bottom ash were chosen as additives for basicity control. we analyzed about properties of asbestos cements slate, melting characteristics on the additives ratio and temperature. We confirmed about harmlessness of melting slag through analysis of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and x-ray diffractometer(XRD).

석면함유 천장재의 비산방지제 성능 평가 연구

김남준 ( Nam-jun Kim ),곽주현 ( Ju-hyun Kwak ),김지호 ( Ji-ho Kim ),이재형 ( Jae-hyung Lee ),황범구 ( Beom-goo Hwang ),맹은호 ( Eun-ho Maeng ),선일식 ( Yle-shik Sun ) 한국환경분석학회 2016 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.19 No.2

In compliance with the Ministry of Environment’s Asbestos Safety Management Act (enforced on 4. 28. 2012), the building owners are required to carry out asbestos building survey. Depending on the results of the surveys, the owners of such buildings need to implement necessary measures such as repairs, sealing, or closure of the relevant areas. In this study, a test for asbestos scattering limit on asbestos head lining and scattering tests before and after applying a scattering inhibitor on a subject target were implemented. The result of the asbestos scattering limit test confirmed the possibility of asbestos scattering on both the front and back side of the interior material. Tests regarding the efficiency of the scattering inhibitor showed that in the absence of the scattering inhibitor, the detected asbestos concentration exceeded the limit prescribed as per the indoor air quality guidelines; however, with the application of two types of scattering inhibitors, the asbestos concentration in the indoor air was less than the prescribed limit. These results confirmed that the asbestos scattering inhibitor is effective in suppressing the spattering of asbestos; however, it will be necessary to have regulatory controls such as the obligatory use of scattering inhibitor after development of which can prevent all asbestos scattering inhibitor. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as base data for both the maintenance and development of various management programs aimed at an effective maintenance of asbestos building material.

석면함유 폐기물: 석면 무해화와 재활용 기술과 경제성

윤성준,노열 한국자원공학회 2016 한국자원공학회지 Vol.53 No.4

국내 석면함유 제품의 폐기로 인해 발생하는 석면함유 폐기물량은 연간 30만 톤∼70만 톤 규모로발생하고 있으며 이로 인해 연간 750억원∼1,750억원의 석면 처리시장이 형성될 것으로 예측된다. 또한, 정부정책에 따라 2021년까지 19만동의 노후 슬레이트 처리 사업에 5,052억원이 투입됨으로써 추가적인 석면 처리시장이 형성될 전망이다. 현재 석면함유 폐기물 처리는 저비용의 직매립 방식으로 대부분 지정폐기물 매립장에매립 처리되고 있으나 매립용량이 포화상태에 이르고 있고 매립한다고 하여도 추후 외부환경으로 다시 노출될잠재적인 가능성이 있다. 이에 따라 석면처리시장에서 가격경쟁력을 갖춘 저비용의 석면 무해화 처리 기술이개발되고 있다. 이러한 석면 무해화 기술이 직매립 방식의 처리보다 안전하고 저비용으로 석면함유 폐기물을처리할 수 있는 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. In Korea, the amounts of asbestos-containing waste are about 300,000 tons to 700,000 tons by year due to the disposal of asbestos-containing product and it is expected to create a asbestos treatment market of 75 billion won to 175 billion won. Also, government budget of 505.2 billion won goes into the 190,000 units of time-worn slate treatment project until 2021 and it would develop the asbestos treatment market. Asbestos-containing waste has been mainly disposed by landfill at the designated landfill due to the low cost, but the landfill capacity is reaching saturation also, the processes of the landfill has potential risk to be exposed to external environment. Accordingly, the low cost of asbestos detoxification techniques at competitive prices from asbestos treatment market has been developed. These asbestos detoxification techniques seem to be an alternative to treatment of asbestos-containing waste as a safe and low cost manner than the processes of the landfill.

석면과 환경성 질환

안종주,Ahn, Jong-Ju 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Humans have a long history of asbestos use. There are reports from the Roman era, of asbestos victims among the slaves who worked in asbestos mines. The fact that asbestos can induce lung cancer and mesothelioma was verified epidemiologically in the 1960s. Asbestos related diseases are predominantly occupational in nature but can be caused by environmental exposure. Environmental mesothelioma is mainly associated with tremolite asbestos and this information comes from many countries including Turkey, Greece, Corsica, New Caledonia and Cyprus. In 1993, the first case of mesothelioma in Korea was reported in an asbestos textile worker. Recently, some asbestos disease victims who lived near an asbestos factory have their cases before the courts. A series of recent asbestos-related events in Korea, for example, the shocking revelation of asbestos containing talc in baby powders have caused the general public to become aware of the health risks of asbestos exposure. Asbestos related diseases are characterized by a long latency period, especially, mesothelioma which has no threshold of safety. Hence the best strategy for preventing asbestos related diseases is to decrease asbestos exposure levels to as low as possible.

빅데이터환경에서 텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용한 한국의 석면 트렌드(1918년~2027년)

노열,정현이,박병노,김채원,김유미,서민아,신행수,김현욱,성예지 대한자원환경지질학회 2023 자원환경지질 Vol.56 No.4

Asbestos has been produced, imported and used in various industries in Korea over the past decades. Since asbestos causes fatal diseases such as malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, the use of asbestos has been generally banned in Korea since 2009. However, there are still many asbestos-containing materials around us, and safe management is urgently needed. This study aims to examine asbestos-related trend changes using major asbestos-related keywords based on the asbestos trend analysis using big data for the past 32 years (1991 to 2022) in Korea. In addition, we reviewed both domestic trends related to the production, import, and use of asbestos before 1990 and asbestos-related policies from 2023 to 2027. From 1991 to 2000, main keywords related to asbestos were research, workers, carcinogens, and the environment because the carcinogenicity of asbestos was highlighted due to domestic production, import, and use of asbestos. From 2001 to 2010, the main keywords related to asbestos were lung cancer, litigation, carcinogens, exposure, and companies because lawsuits were initiated in the US and Japan in relation to carcinogenicity due to asbestos. From 2011 to 2020, the high ranking keywords related to asbestos were carcinogen, baseball field, school, slate, building, and abandoned asbestos mine due to the seriousness of the asbestos problem in Korea. From 2021 to present (2023), the main search keywords related to asbestos such as school, slate (asbestos cement), buildings, landscape stone, environmental impact assessment, apartment, and cement appeared. 석면은 악성중피종과 폐암 등 치명적인 질병을 유발하기 때문에 국내에서 2009년부터 그 사용이 전반적으로 금지되었다. 그러나 국내에서 지난 수십년 간 석면이 생산 및 수입되어 다양한 산업에서 사용되어 왔기 때문에 우리 주변에는 여전히 석면 함유물질이 많이 존재하고 있어 안전한 관리가 절실하다. 이 연구는 지난 32년(1991년 ~ 2022년)동안의 빅데이터를 바탕으로 석면관련 주요키워드를 이용하여 석면관련 트렌드 변화를 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 국내 과거(1990년 이전)의 석면의 생산, 수입, 사용 실태와 더불어 현재(2023년~2027년)의 석면관련 정책 동향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 1991~2000년에는 국내 석면의 생산과 수입 그리고 이용으로 인하여 석면에 대한 발암성이 부각되는 시기로 연구, 근로자, 발암물질, 환경등과 관련된 키워드가 주를 이루었다. 2001~2010년에는 석면의 발암성과 관련하여 미국, 일본 등에서 소송이 시작되었던 시기로 폐암, 소송, 발암물질, 노출, 기업 등의 키워드가 주를 이루었다. 2011~2020년에는 국내에서도 석면문제의 심각성을 인지하는 키워드인 발암 물질, 야구장, 학교, 슬레이트, 건축물, 폐석면광산 등이 지속적으로 상위권 키워드로 검색되었다. 2021년부터는 주로 검색되는 키워드는 학교, 슬레이트, 건축물 등과 조경석, 환경영향평가, 아파트, 시멘트 등의 키워드가 나타났다.

Asbestos and Asbestos-related Diseases in Vietnam: In reference to the International Labor Organization/World Health Organization National Asbestos Profile

Van Hai Pham,Thi Ngoc Lan Tran,Giang Vinh Le,Mehrnoosh Movahed,Ying Jiang,Nguyen Ha Pham,Hisashi Ogawa,Ken Takahashi 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.2

This paper describes progress on formulating a national asbestos profile for the country of Vietnam. The Center of Asbestos Resource, Vietnam, formulated a National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health, with due reference to the International Labor Organization/World Health Organization National Asbestos Profile. The Center of Asbestos Resource was established by the Vietnamese Health Environment Management Agency and the National Institute of Labor Protection, with the support of the Australian Agency for International Development, as a coordinating point for asbestos-related issues in Vietnam. Under the National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health framework, the Center of Asbestos Resource succeeded in compiling relevant information for 15 of the 18 designated items outlined in the International Labor Organization/World Health Organization National Asbestos Profile, some overlaps of the information items notwithstanding. Today, Vietnam continues to import and use an average of more than 60,000 metric tons of raw asbestos per year. Information on asbestos-related diseases is limited, but the country has begun to diagnose mesothelioma cases, with the technical cooperation of Japan. As it stands, the National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health needs further work and updating. However, we envisage that the National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health will ultimately facilitate the smooth transition to an asbestos-free Vietnam.