PCR-RAPD와 ITS 서열 분석에 의한 두릅나무과(Araliaceae) 의 유연관계 분석

김남희,양덕춘,엄안흠 한국자원식물학회 2004 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Phylogenetic relationships among species in Araliaceae were analyzed using PCR-RAPDand sequence of ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA based on samples collected in Korea.RAPD analysis showed various polymorphic bands which were able to differentiate speciesand genus, and specific bands showing variations among individuals within species. Clusteranalysis using gel images revealed high molecular variability within species of Aralia eleta.No significant variation was found among cultivated species of Panax ginseng, but theyshowed high genetic differences with wild type of the species. In ITS analysis, specificsequences for each genus and species were observed and these were allowed to differentiatespecies and genus. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences showed that Acanthopanaxand Kalopanax had a close relationship, and Araliaand Panax are monophyletic, but genusHederais different species from other species in family Araliaceaein this study. The resultsshowing close relationship between genera Araliaand Panax were also observed in RAPDanalysis. Contrary to the results of RAPD analysis of Panax ginseng, sequence analysis ofITS showed no significant difference between wild mountain ginseng and cultivated speciesof P. ginseng. Also, both RAPD and ITS analysis of P. ginsengshowed no significant geneticvariability among cultivation sites. Results indicate that P. ginsengcultivating in Korea ismonophyletic. The molecular analysis used in this study agreed on classification usingmorphological feature. These results suggest that molecular techniques used in this studycould be useful for phylogenetic analysis of Araliaceae.

Pre-labelled oligo probe-FISH karyotype analyses of four Araliaceae species using rDNA and telomeric repeat

Hui Chao Zhou,Remnyl Joyce Pellerin,Nomar Espinosa Waminal,양태진,김현희 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.7

Background The family Araliaceae contains many medicinal species including ginseng of which the whole genome sequencing analyses have been going on these days. Objective To characterize the chromosomal distribution of 5S and 45S rDNAs and telomeric repeat in four ginseng related species of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem., Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lév., Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Seem., Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex A.Murr.) Koidz. Method Pre-labelled oligoprobe (PLOP)-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out. Results The chromosome number of A. elata was 2n = 24, whereas that of the other three species of D. morbiferus, E. sessiliflorus, and K. septemlobus was 2n = 48, corresponding to diploid and tetraploid, respectively, based on the basic chromosome number x = 12 in Araliaceae. In all four species, one pair of 5S signals were detected in the proximal regions of the short arms of chromosome 3, whereas in K. septemlobus, the 5S rDNA signals localized in the subtelomeric region of short arm of chromosome 3, while all the 45S rDNA signals localized at the paracentromeric region of the short arm of chromosome 1. And the telomeric repeat signals were detected at the telomeric region of both short and long arms of most chromosomes. Conclusion The PLOP-FISH was very effective compared with conventional FISH method. These results provide useful comparative cytogenetic information to better understand the genome structure of each species and will be useful to trace the history of ginseng genomic constitution.

A Benzenoid from the Stem of Acanthopanax senticosus

Ryu, Ji-Young,Son, Dong-Wook,Kang, Jung-Il,Kim, Hyun-Su,Kim, Bak-Kwang,Lee, Sang-Hyun The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.9

Seven compounds were isolated from the stem of Acanthopanax senticosus by repeated col-umn chromatography. Their structures were elucidated as isovanillin (1), (-)-sesamin (2), iso-fraxidin (3), (+)-syringaresinol (4), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5), eleutheroside B (6), and eleuth-eroside E (7) by spectral analysis. Among them, isovanillin (1) was isolated for the first time from the family Araliaceae.

종자 외부형태학적 특성에 의한 한국산 두릅나무과(Araliaceae) 식물의 종간 유연관계

김건래,김해란,최형순,한진규,김수영,김찬수 한국습지학회 2015 한국습지학회지 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 국내에 자생하는 두릅나무과(Araliaceae) 식물 8속 12종을 대상으로 종자의 외부형태적 특성을 조사하고 측정된 형질을 이용하여 다변량분석을 통해 종들간의 유연관계를 밝히기 위해 수행하였다. 종자의 형태적 특성 조사는 각 종의 종자를 20립씩 무작위 선별하여 광학현미경으로 관찰하고 이미지분석시스템을 사용하여 크기를 측정하였다. 측정형질은 종자 크기, 표면 무늬, 광택 유무 등 총 11개 항목이며 이를 이용해 수리분석을 실시하였다. 주성분 분석결과, 전체 변수들 중 제 1주성분과 제 2주성분의 누적기여도는 65.47%이었으며, 제1주성분과 제2주성분에 의해 크게 두릅나무속(Aralia), 오갈피나무속(Eleutherococcus), 인삼속(Panax), 그리고 나머지 기타 속 총 4그룹으로 구분되었다. 군집분석 결과 역시 4 그룹으로 구분되어 주성분분석과 동일한 결과를 보였다. 가시오갈피나무(Eleutherococcus senticosus)는 섬오갈피나무(E. gracilistylus)와 유연관계가 가까운 것으로 나타났으며 황칠나무속(Dendropanax)은 오갈피나무속(Eleutherococcus)과 근연관계로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the morphological characteristics of seeds of 12 taxa of Araliaceae, and to evaluate their possible use for taxonomic considerations. For light microscope observations and measurements, the seeds were observed using Image Analyzing System. The observations were made on twenty randomly selected seeds of each species. Obtained data were statistically processed using analysis of variance. Principal Components Analysis indicated four groups of characters, the genera Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Panax and the others, which explained 65.47% of the total variation. As a results of Cluster Analysis using the eleven variables, 12 species of Araliaceae were also discriminated into four groups. Eleutherococcus senticosus and E. gracilistylus were closely related, which is well supported by the results from recent molecular studies. Also, the genera Dendropanax and Eleutherococcus were closely related in terms of seed characters.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

Man Kyu Huh,Hong Wook Huh,Joo Soo Choi 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.3

Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Araliaceae) is a long-lived woody species primarily distributed throughout East Asia. This species is regarded as medically and ecologically important in Korea. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA to investigate its molecular variation and genetic structure in samples from Korean populations (five wild and four cultivated). The analysis of 22 primers revealed 92 loci, of which 76 were polymorphic (82.6%). Total genetic diversity at the species level was 0.316. The mean gene diversity for cultivated populations was lower than that for natural (wild) populations. Sexual reproduction modes, perennial habitat, and longevity were possible factors contributing to such high diversity. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm = 0.367) indicated that gene flow was very low among these Korean populations.

Comprehensive comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species and development of an authentication system based on species-unique single nucleotide polymorphism markers

Nguyen, Van Binh,Giang, Vo Ngoc Linh,Waminal, Nomar Espinosa,Park, Hyun-Seung,Kim, Nam-Hoon,Jang, Woojong,Lee, Junki,Yang, Tae-Jin The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Panax species are important herbal medicinal plants in the Araliaceae family. Recently, we reported the complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from seven Panax species, two (P. quinquefolius and P. trifolius) from North America and five (P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. vietnamensis, and P. stipuleanatus) from Asia. Methods: We conducted phylogenetic analysis of these chloroplast sequences with 12 other Araliaceae species and comprehensive comparative analysis among the seven Panax whole chloroplast genomes. Results: We identified 1,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in coding gene sequences, distributed among 72 of the 79 protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes of the seven Panax species. The other seven genes (including psaJ, psbN, rpl23, psbF, psbL, rps18, and rps7) were identical among the Panax species. We also discovered that 12 large chloroplast genome fragments were transferred into the mitochondrial genome based on sharing of more than 90% sequence similarity. The total size of transferred fragments was 60,331 bp, corresponding to approximately 38.6% of chloroplast genome. We developed 18 SNP markers from the chloroplast genic coding sequence regions that were not similar to regions in the mitochondrial genome. These markers included two or three species-specific markers for each species and can be used to authenticate all the seven Panax species from the others. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species elucidated their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships, and 18 species-specific markers were able to discriminate among these species, thereby furthering efforts to protect the ginseng industry from economically motivated adulteration.

섬오갈피나무에서 SOD Isoenzyme의 식별 및 특성규명

오순자,박영철,김응식,고석찬 한국자원식물학회 1999 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.12 No.3

두릅나무과 식물 6종의 잎으로부터 2개의 공통적인 superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzyme이 구분되었다. 이들 공통적인 isoenzyme(SOD 4와 SOD 6)의 패턴은 오갈피속 식물 중에서 민가시오갈피나무(A. senticosus for. inermis) 잎에서 가장 다양하였고, 그 활성은 섬오갈피나무(A. koreanum) 잎에서 가장 높았다. 그리고 SOD 4와 SOD 6은 $H_2O$$_2$와 KCN에 의한 선택적 저해로부터 각각 Fe-SOD와 CuZn-SOD인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, SOD isoenzyme의 패턴은 섬오갈피나무의 성숙한 잎과 수피, 근피에서 차이가 없었으나 그 활성은 조직별로 차이가 나타났으며, Fe-SOD는 근피에서, CuZn-SOD은 잎에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 그리고, CuZn-SOD나 Fe-SOD 모두 30-4$0^{\circ}C$에서 높은 활성 을 나타내었으나 그 이상의 온도에서는 활성이 저해되었다. The isoenzyme patterns and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were investigated from leaves of Araliaceae plants. Of the eight isoenzymes, two isoenzymes(SOD 4 and SOD 6) were prevalent to leaves of Araliaceae plants. The patterns of these two isoenzymes were most various in the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus for. inermis, while their activity was highest in the leaves of A. koreanum. These two isoenzymes were respectively identified as Fe-SOD and CuZn-SOD, based on selective inhibition with KCN or$H_2O_2$. The SOD isoenzyme patterns did not differed among stem barks, root barks and leaves of A. koreanum. However, the activities of Fe-SOD and CuZn-SOD were higher in the root bark and in leaves, respectively. Both of Fe-SOD and CuZn-SOD were stable for 1 hr at 30-4$0^{\circ}C$, while unstable above 5$0^{\circ}C$.

Comprehensive comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species and development of an authentication system based on species-unique single nucleotide polymorphism markers

Van Binh Nguyen,Vo Ngoc Linh Giang,Nomar Espinosa Waminal,Hyun-Seung Park,Nam-Hoon Kim,Woojong Jang,Junki Lee,Tae Jin Yang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Panax species are important herbal medicinal plants in the Araliaceae family. Recently, wereported the complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from seven Panaxspecies, two (P. quinquefolius and P. trifolius) from North America and five (P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. vietnamensis, and P. stipuleanatus) from Asia. Methods: We conducted phylogenetic analysis of these chloroplast sequences with 12 other Araliaceaespecies and comprehensive comparative analysis among the seven Panax whole chloroplast genomes. Results: We identified 1,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in coding gene sequences, distributedamong 72 of the 79 protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes of the seven Panax species. The other seven genes (including psaJ, psbN, rpl23, psbF, psbL, rps18, and rps7) were identical among thePanax species. We also discovered that 12 large chloroplast genome fragments were transferred into themitochondrial genome based on sharing of more than 90% sequence similarity. The total size of transferredfragments was 60,331 bp, corresponding to approximately 38.6% of chloroplast genome. Wedeveloped 18 SNP markers from the chloroplast genic coding sequence regions that were not similar toregions in the mitochondrial genome. These markers included two or three species-specific markers foreach species and can be used to authenticate all the seven Panax species from the others. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species elucidated theirgenetic diversity and evolutionary relationships, and 18 species-specific markers were able to discriminateamong these species, thereby furthering efforts to protect the ginseng industry from economicallymotivated adulteration.

Chemical diversity of ginseng saponins from Panax ginseng

Shin, Byong-Kyu,Kwon, Sung Won,Park, Jeong Hill The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Ginseng, a perennial plant belonging to the genus Panax of the Araliaceae family, is well known for its medicinal properties that help alleviate pathological symptoms, promote health, and prevent potential diseases. Among the active ingredients of ginseng are saponins, most of which are glycosides of triterpenoid aglycones. So far, numerous saponins have been reported as components of Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng. Herein, we summarize available information about 112 saponins related to P. ginseng; >80 of them are isolated from raw or processed ginseng, and the others are acid/base hydrolysates, semisynthetic saponins, or metabolites.

Chemical diversity of ginseng saponins from Panax ginseng

Byong-Kyu Shin,권성원,박정일 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Ginseng, a perennial plant belonging to the genus Panax of the Araliaceae family, is well known for its medicinal properties that help alleviate pathological symptoms, promote health, and prevent potential diseases. Among the active ingredients of ginseng are saponins, most of which are glycosides of triterpenoid aglycones. So far, numerous saponins have been reported as components of Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng. Herein, we summarize available information about 112 saponins related to P. ginseng; >80 of them are isolated from raw or processed ginseng, and the others are acid/base hydrolysates, semisynthetic saponins, or metabolites.