자연과학편 : 지체장애인의 신체활동수준과 신체지각 및 웰빙 관계의 교차타당성 검증

김용국(YongKukKim) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.2

본 연구는 지체장애인들의 신체활동수준에 따라 변화되는 신체지각과 웰빙 관계모형의 교차타당성을 검증하는데 있다. 이를 위해 관계모형을 전체, 성별, 선수유무, 장애유형에 따라 7개 집단에 적용하여, 경로계수 평가와 적합도 평가를 실시하였다. 연구대상은 만 20세 이상의 지체장애인 273명이었으며, SPSS 15.0과 Amos 7.0을 활용하여 기술통계와 탐색적·확인적 요인분석 및 구조모형 분석을 사용하였다. 교차타당성 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관계모형의 경로계수 평가 결과, 7개 하위집단 모두가 신체활동수준이 신체지각에 미치는 영향과, 신체지각이 웰빙에 미치는 영향에서 통계적 유의성이 나타났다. 둘째, 관계모형의 적합도 평가 결과, 7개의 모든 집단에서 전반적인 적합도 지수는 수용 가능한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 지체장애인의 신체활동수준과 신체지각 및 웰빙 관계모형이 타당하며, 모형의 안정성을 갖는 것으로 볼 수 있다. The objective of the present study is to test the cross validity of the relation model of physical perception and well-being changing according to physical activity level in individuals with physical disabilities. For this purpose, the relation model was tested through path coefficient evaluation and fitness evaluation by applying the model to the whole and to seven groups divided according to gender, whether to have athletes, and disability type. The subjects were 273 individuals with physical disabilities aged over 20. Descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factory analyses, and structure equation modeling analysis were made used with SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. The results of the cross validity test are as follows. First, in the results of path coefficient valuation of the relation model, all of the seven subgroups showed statistical significance in the paths of physical activity level → physical perception, and physical perception → well-being. Second, in the results of fitness evaluation of the relation model, the fitness index was higher than the acceptable level in all of the seven subgroups. These results show that the relation model of physical activity level, physical perception and well-being in individuals with physical disabilities is valid and stable.

입시체육의 빛과 그림자

강덕모,김태현,강유원 한국체육철학회 2010 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This study was intended to make a public issue of the pending problem hidden behind physical education for college entrance and propose the scheme for coping with it. For this purpose, it attempted to analyze the situational characteristics that the examines unconsciously accepted and felt in the process of physical training for college entrance in many-angled terms. As a result, it was found that physical education for college entrance was thickly overshadowed with such problems as:ethical shadowdue to drug abuse within the sports culture of physical education for college education;shadow of body maltreatmentdue to the loss of body status arising from physical overtraining and the physical punishment culture of the private academy and its reproduction; andvaluable shadowdue to the destruction of physical-education value. To find out the cause for this cloud, this study attempted to make a comprehensive analysis of previous studies and the statements made by research participants. As a result, it is thought that‘the problem of the practical examination itself’,‘poor education of physical education in schools and indifference of public education to entrance into the department related to physical education' and the commercialization of the private academy specializing in physical education for college entrance acted as the decisive factor. Therefore, it is necessary to curtail the domain of this shadow in relation to physical education for college entrance and make bright light enter the sports culture of the examines preparing for the practical examination. For this purpose, it is necessary to achieve the‘extensive reorganization of the items for the practical examination’,‘the practice of the doping test in the process of screening for college entrance’,‘the normalization of physical education’and ‘guidance of college entrance at the school level’, and the ‘education of sports ethics for the undergraduate of the department related to physical education’. 이 연구는 입시체육의 이면에 가려진 문제 현안들을 공론화하고 이에 대한 방안을 제안할 목적으로 수험생들이 대학 진학을 위한 신체적 훈련 과정에서 무의식적으로 수용하고 느꼈던 상황적 특성을 다각적인 측면에서 접근하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 입시체육을 위한 운동문화 내에는 약물복용으로 인한 ‘윤리적 그림자’, 신체적 과훈련으로 인한 몸의 지위 상실과 학원의 체벌문화 및 재생산으로 인한 ‘몸 학대의 그림자’, 그리고 체육적 가치의 파괴로 인한 ‘가치적 그림자’가 짙게 드리워져 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 그림자의 원인을 찾기 위하여 선행연구 및 연구 참여자들의 진술을 종합적으로 분석한 결과, ‘실기고사 자체의 문제’와 ‘학교 체육교육의 부실화 및 체육관련학과 진학에 대한 공교육의 무관심’, 그리고 ‘체육입시학원의 상업화’가 결정적인 요인으로 작용하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이에 입시체육에 있어서 이러한 그림자의 영역을 축소시키고 실기고사를 준비하는 수험생들의 운동문화에 밝은 빛이 드리워지기 위해서는 ‘실기고사 종목의 대폭적인 재편성’, ‘대학의 입학전형에 있어서 도핑 테스트를 실시’, ‘체육 교육의 정상화 및 학교 차원에서의 진학 지도’ 및 ‘체육관련학과 재학생을 대상으로 한 스포츠 윤리 교육’이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

발육,발달학 : 노인들의 성별과 신체활동 수준이 신체적 기능, 심리적 기능, 그리고 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

최종환(JongHwanChoi),이규문(GyuMoonLee),김현주(HyeonJuKim),서주원(JuWonSeo) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gender and activity level on physical function, psychological function, & health-related quality of life(HRQL) and the relationship among physical/psychological function, & HRQL All subjects who have experienced physical activities over 1 year(male n=90, age=69.83±3.46; female n=118, age=68.91±3.52) were tested on the physical activity levels(frequency/week), physical functions(strength, flexibility, balance, cardiorespiratory endurance, & BMI), psychological functions(depression, self-efficacy, physical-efficacy, & life-satisfaction), & HRQL For data analysis, two-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used.First, depending on physical activity levels, the elderly showed significant differences on physical/psychological functions, and HRQL: 1) the physical activity levels affected to most of physical functions except for BMI, the male older adults were significantly better than females older adults on upper/lower-body muscular strength, upper/lower-body flexibility, & agility, but not on stability & cardiorespiratory endurance. 2) The physical activity levels significantly influenced on psychological functions(depression, self-efficacy, physical self-efficacy, life-satisfaction). Meanwhile, male older adults were significantly higher than female older adults on psychological functions. 3) The physical activity levels significantly influenced on the HRQL. Meanwhile, male older adults were significantly higher than female older adults on the HRQL. Second, the elderly showed significant relationships among physical/psychological function, & HRQL: 1) the higher older adults had physical functions(muscular strength, agility, & stability), the better they were on psychological functions(physical self-efficiency & life-satisfaction) & HRQL. 2) The higher they had psychological functions(depression, physical self-efficiency, & life-satisfaction), the better they got HRQL. Therefore, this study may imply that physical activities cause to improve physical functions, psychological functions, and then, in turn, quality of life in the elderly.

창조성의 생동력 향상에 관한 고찰

김정아 ( Jeong A Kim ) 창조교육학회 2010 창조교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

Creativity is human nature and the origin of life, which is the principles of human desire, thought, and activities based on freedom and spontaneity to direct new value. Creativity is divided into physical/physiological area, social area, rational area, moral area, artistic area, and religious area. And, physical/physiological area consists of vitality, social area of cooperation, rational area of investigation, moral area of good deed, artistic area of aesthetic appreciation, and religious area of belief in its nature of value, respectively. Vitality, as the nature of physical/physiological area in creativity, is the general term for the basis of biological and physical vigor of human creativity and such vitality produces creative activity and creative health. Organic characteristics of human related to creative health are physical strength and they include physical elements and mental elements in comprehensive meaning. Such physical strength is divided into behavioral physical strength and defensive physical strength: the former is also called work ability or exercise ability as positive body ability and it includes the elements of muscular strength, endurance, quickness, flexibility, rapid reaction, and balance. Those elements of behavioral physical strength would be external conditions to show creativity smoothly through physical body. Defensive physical strength is the abilities of physical defense and environmental adaptation to maintain life against external stress and includes, in general, regulation of body temperature, immunity, adaptation, and resistance to physical stress. Vitality, which is physical/physiological nature of creativity increase the development of human brain and the brain action affect the vitality and play a role in a promoter to manifest creativity as it makes humans have vigor. Creative health is the basis on increasing vividness by physical improvement through exercise. The elements of physical strength related to creative health are behavioral physical strength and, generally. To manifest creativity, physical/physiological should be the basis and vividness be improved by building up healthy physical strength.

청소년기 여학생의 학교 내 신체활동 평가기준치 설정

김혜진 한국체육측정평가학회 2018 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of physical activity and to establish norm-refer- enced criteria of physical activity of adolescent girls. For the purpose of this, daily physical activities were measured by the accelerometer in hour and day for the female adolescents. The number of steps and exercise intensity were obtain from the accelerometer, and these data were analyzed by independent t-test with the statistical package SPSS 20.0. As results, there was marked difference between week and week- end in physical activity for girls. The youth of middle school did moderate to vigorous exercise in in- tensity for about 50 minutes, but the high-school female students did it for not more than 15minutes. Therefore, all of the middle-school and high-school girls have not satisfied the guideline of physical activ- ity as defined more than 60min moderate to vigorous physical activity. During the class of physical edu- cation the middle-school girls do physical activities two times more than the high-school girls. According to the physical activity guideline, the dose of physical activity after school was very lower than during the physical-education class. These results imply how to teach adolescent for appropriate dose and intensity of physical activity and to give effective feedback in the field of school. 이 연구의 목적은 청소년기 여학생들의 신체활동량을 파악하고 , 신체활동량 기준치를 설정하는 것이 목적이다 . 이를 위해가속도계를 활용하여 중 , 고등학교 여학생들을 대상으로 일주일간의 신체활동량을 측정하였으며 , 요일별 , 시간대 ( 체육시간 ) 별신체활동량 ( 스텝수와 운동강도 ( 분 )) 을 평가하였다 . SPSS 통계패키지 프로그램을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차 , 집단간 차이검증(t-test) 을 실시하고 5 단계 상대평가 기준치를 작성하였다 . 결과에 따르면 , 여학생들의 신체활동량은 주중과 주말에 큰 차이를 보이고 있으며 , 학교급에 따라서도 주중과 주말 , 그리고 체육시간 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있다 . 중학생이 고등학생에 비해 2 배이상 많은 신체활동을 하는 것으로 나타났다 . 운동강도는 중학생은 중고강도 활동이 평균 50 분 정도를 보이고 있지만 고등학생의 경우 15 분 내외를 보이고 있다 . 두 집단 모두 신체활동 가이드라인에서 제시한 60 분 중고강도 활동에 못 미치는 결과이다 . 또한 스텝수를 이용하여 ‘ 매우높음 ’, ‘ 높음 ’, ‘ 보통 ’, ‘ 낮음 ’, ‘ 매우낮음 ’ 의 5 단계 상대평가 기준치를제시하였다 . 신체활동량 기준치에 따르면 , 체육시간의 경우 중학생이 고등학생에 비해 약 2 배 정도 높은 기준치를 나타내고있으며 , 주중 신체활동량은 고등학생이 중학생에 비해 4 배 이상 낮은 기준치를 나타내고 있다 . 고등학생의 경우 매우 적은신체활동량을 보이고 있는 것을 알 수 있다 . 이러한 결과를 토대로 학교 현장에서 여학생들을 지도할 때 적정 신체활동량및 신체활동 강도에 대한 피드백을 제공할 수 있을 것이며 , 추후 여학생들의 신체활동량을 증진시킬 수 있는 다양한 방안을마련하여야 할 것이다 .

체육학과 학생들의 교수 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 선호도 요인분석

신진화(Shin, Jin-Hwa) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This dissertation patterned professor"s non-linguistic communication preference by Q-Method, targeting at department of physical education students. It is a research with the purpose of analyzing patterned traits and coincident items among patterns. It leaded to the conclusion as followings. First, as a result of analyzing the patterns of professor"s non-linguistic communication preference, targeting at department of physical education students, this dissertation named ‘patternⅠ, physical -external language preference pattern’, ‘patternⅡ, physical-phonic language preference pattern’, and ‘patternⅢ physical-phonic-respectful language preference pattern’. Second, this dissertation analyzed the traits of professor"s non-linguistic communication preference, targeting at department of physical education students, classified with the patterns. ‘PatternⅠ, physical-external language preference pattern" preferred physical language and external language. The students maintained the high position scores at two-year system junior college and four-year system university. ‘PatternⅡ, physical-phonic preference pattern’ preferred physical language and phonic language. The students maintained the middle or high position scores at four-year university. ‘PatternⅢ physical-phonic-respectful pattern’ preferred physical language and phonic language as well as respectful language. The students preferred the pattern at two-year junior college. Third, as a result of analyzing the coincident items among the patterns, related with professor"s non-linguistic communication preference, targeting at department of physical education students, this dissertation found that the students preferred physical and respectful language in all of the patterns.

AI, Art and Physical Convergence Education

Dukhoi Koo,Jeongeun Kim 한국아세아태평양교육문화융복합학회 2022 Asia Pacific Journal of Teaching and Learning Vol.2 No.1

Purpose To present the necessity and direction of the teacher curriculum of AI, Art and Physical Convergence Education. There is a growing need to apply and utilize AI technology in music, art, and physical education, such as AI composers, AI command programs, VR/AR art works appreciation, and physical. This trend of technological development is expected to affect school arts and physical education. In response to this, a curriculum for professional teachers related to AI, arts and physical education should be opened so that more in-depth AI and arts and physical education subjects can be dealt with in-depth arts and physical education subjects. Method Delphi research was conducted twice by forming a group of experts. For the Delphi survey, it was divided into three areas: theory, method, and practice, which are basic common subjects, and four areas: music, art, physical education, and integration, which are elective subjects. The results were analyzed based on the content validity of the response, and the second Delphi survey was conducted by supplementing and deepening the questions according to the analysis first Delphi survey results. Results The direction of the curriculum derived through the two Delphi studies is as follows. First, it is necessary to organize subjects specialized in music, art and physical education in connection with AI. Second, it is the opening of a subject that can strengthen teachers' ability to integrate and utilize AI within the subject. Third, it is the opening of data-related subjects that reflect the importance of data in relation to AI. Fourth, it is the courses that reflect key terms in AI, arts and physical education curriculum such as 'AI or data'. Conclusion Teachers who will educate students who will lead the future should develop their educational capabilities by combining AI and subjects, the core of the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, if the AI, art and physical convergence education teacher curriculum suggested in this study is revised and supplemented and used in the curriculum to cultivate experts, it is expected to contribute to the establishment and development of the AI, art and physical convergence education.

지체장애인의 신체적 자기개념 측정도구 개발 및 타당화

김용국 ( Yong Kuk Kim ),성창훈 ( Chang Hoon Seong ) 한국특수체육학회 2007 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 지체장애인이 내면화하고 있는 신체적 자기개념의 구성 요인을 확인하고 이를 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하여 요인 구조의 타당성을 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 개방형 설문을 통해 지체장애인의 신체적 자기개념 구성요인을 탐색한 김용국과 성창훈(2006)의 연구결과를 기초로 70문항의 예비문항을 작성하였으며, 지체장애인 303명을 대상으로 예비척도에 대한 반응 자료를 수집하였다. 척도의 타당화 과정에서는 문항분석, 탐색적·확인적 요인분석, 문항내적 일관성 검사 및 검사-재검사 등 내적 구조를 검토하였으며, 아울러 남성과 여성지체장애인의 신체적 자기개념 차이, 지체장애운동선수와 비선수간의 신체적 자기개념 차이, 신체활동수준에 따른 신체적 자기개념의 차이 분석을 통하여 외적 관계도 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 지체장애인의 신체적 자기개념을 구성하는 6개 요인(운동유능감, 외모, 건강, 동작능력, 신체감각능력, 체력)을 확증하였으며, 이를 측정하는 18문항 척도의 안정적인 타당성을 입증하였다. 이 결과는 지체장애인이 갖는 신체적 자기개념의 보편성과 차별성 및 지체장애인의 심리 측정적 타당화 논리와 관련하여 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a measure to assess physical self-concept of the individuals with physical disability. Eight potential dimensions of physical-concept were identified through Yong-Kuk Kim & Chang-Hoon Seong(2006)`s procedures study. They included sport competence, physique, appearance, health, motion ability, physical activeness, physical sense ability, physical fitness realm. Seventy items representing eight dimensions were developed. Item review procedures result in 54-items preliminary version. Data were obtain from a sample of 303 individuals with physical disability. Item analyses, Exploratory analyses, Confirmatory analyses, Internal consistency and test-retest reliability revealed six major dimension of physical self-concept of the individuals with physical disability, including sport competence, appearance, health, motion ability, physical sense ability, physical fitness realm. The final version including 18 items representing the six dimensions. Athletes with physical disability scored higher on most of the dimensions compared to non-athletes with physical disability. The physical disabled who were more active during leisure time scored higher on most of the dimensions compared to those who were less active. And, Disabled Man scored higher on most of the dimensions compared to disabled Women. These results provided evidence of validity of the measure of physical self-concept of the individuals with physical disability.

홀리스틱 전인 의미를 통한 체인지교육의 관점 논의

손준구 한국홀리스틱융합교육학회 2010 홀리스틱융합교육연구 Vol.14 No.3

체육이란 무엇인가? 그것은 신체를 위한 교육인가? 아니면 신체를 통한 교육인가? 20세기 중반 체육교과의 정체성 논쟁에서 던졌던 질문이다. 신체를 위한 교육으로서 체육은 체력과 기능의 향상을 목적으로 한다. 반면에 신체를 통한 교육으로서 체육은 전인교육을 목적으로 한다. 당시 체육은 전인교육의 길을 택했다. 그리고 그로부터 반세기가 흘렀지만 이 질문은 여전히 논쟁의 화두이다. 체육이 아직 전인교육의 개념조차 정립하지 못한 채 체력과 기능 위주의 신체활동에 집착하기 때문이다. 따라서 이 글은 전인교육을 추구하는 이들이 금과옥조로 여기는 홀리스틱 이념을 통해 체육교육의 새로운 관점을 찾는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 전인교육 개념을 체, 인, 지 요소로 논의했다. 그리고 이 세 가지 요소들을 강조하려는 이유에서 체육을 통한 그 전인교육을 체인지교육이라 명했다. What is physical education? Is it ‘education for the physical’ or ‘education through the physical’? This question is raised in the argument on identity of physical education in the mid-20th century. Goals of physical education as ‘education for the physical’ are to develop physical fitness and motor skills. In contrast, goals of physical education as ‘education through the physical’ are to bring up whole person. Physical education took a way for the whole person education at that time. Half a century have passed since then, but the question is still a main talking point. It is because physical education still sticks to the fitness and the skills, without having the concept on whole person education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find new viewpoints of physical education on whole person education from the holistic idea. For this, in this study discusses body, character, and intelligence on factors of whole person education. In order to emphasize the three factors, it is named as change(體人知) education, the whole person education through physical education.

중등체육교사의 교육과정 재구성 경험에 대한 내러티브 탐구

김진필(Jin Pil Kim),박종률(Jong Lyul Park),박대원(Dae Won Park) 한국체육교육학회 2012 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.17 No.1

이 연구는 중학교 체육교사들의 교육과정 재구성 계획 및 실천에 대한 경험을 심층적으로 이해하여 그 의미를 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 통해 체육교사들에게 교육과정 운영의 방향을 설정하는데 도움을 주고, 즐겁고 유익한 체육수업을 실현하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하여 교육 현장에 적합하고 의미 있는 학습을 지원하고자 한다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 이 연구는 2007년 개정 체육과 교육과정을 적용한 중학교 체육교사 4명의 연구 참여자를 선정하여 그들의 내러티브를 통해 체육교육과정 재구성 경험을 이해하고, 그 경험에 내재되어 있는 의미를 도출하였다. 연구 결과, 체육교육과정 재구성 계획 경험은 ‘체육교사의 교육철학’, ‘학교의 시설 및 용구’, ‘체육교사들 간 협의’, ‘학생 및 학급’, ‘운동 종목 및 기능’, ‘수업 환경’으로 나타났다. 그리고 체육교육과정 재구성 실천 경험은 ‘목표는 내가 추구하는 체육수업’, ‘내용은 다양한 스포츠 경험을 통한 신체 활동 가치의 의미 전달’, ‘방법은 대안을 찾기 위한 방법 적용’, ‘평가는 또 하나의 유익한 수업 과정’으로 분석되었다. 또한, 체육교육과정 재구성 경험에 대한 의미는 ‘체육수업의 길라잡이로 작용하는 교육과정’, ‘해석과 선택의 번뇌를 통한 교육과정실행의 이해 증대’, ‘현장에 적합한 교육과정 재구성 발견’으로 해석되었다. The purpose of this study was to explore its significance by deeply understanding experience of a plan and practice for curriculum reconstruction in physical education teachers of middle school. Through this, the aim was to support learning that is proper and significant for the educational field by being conducive to establishing direction of operating curriculum for physical education teachers and offering basic data for pleasant and useful physical education instruction. To achieve this objective, this study understood the experience of physical-education curriculum reconstruction and the significance immanent in its experience through the narrative on 4 research participants as physical education teachers who guided by applying the revised physical education curriculum for 2007. Research finding, the following are the experiences of planning the physical education curriculum reconstruction. ``Physical education teacher`s educational philosophy``, ``The facilities and tools of school``, ``Discussion among physical education teachers``, ``Students and classes``, ``Sports item and skill``, ``Instruction environment`` was indicated. And the following are the experiences of practicing the physical-education curriculum reconstruction. ``Aim at physical education instruction of being pursued by me``, ``The contents of delivering significance in value of physical activity through diverse sports experiences``, ``As a method of applying a method for seeking an alternative plan``, ``Evaluation is another useful instruction process`` was analyzed. Also, The following are the significances of experiencing the physical-education curriculum reconstruction. ``Curriculum of functioning as a guide of physical education instruction,`` ``A rise in understanding of implementing curriculum through being worried about analysis and selection``, ``Discovery of curriculum reconstruction proper for the field`` was construed.