독거노인에 대한 연구동향 분석 : 학술지, 학위논문 중심으로

이정규,윤영희 서울기독대학교 사회복지연구소 2018 통합사회복지연구 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends of research on elderly people living alone with Korean journals and dissertations regarding their periods, contents, methods, and subjects and understand the current status of research on elderly people living alone in the area of social welfare and then provide foundational material to investigate elderly people living alone and suggest the direction of research on them. To address the goal, this author selected 856 journals and dissertations on elderly people living alone which had been published from 1991 until July, 2018 in Korea and then analyzed the trends of them and calculated the frequency and percentage. According to the results of analyzing their trends, about the periods of those studies on elderly people living alone, they constantly increased from 1995 and then rapidly increased from 2010. Regarding their contents, practical studies are much more than foundational ones. About study methods, quantitative studies are more frequently found than qualitative ones or literature reviews. Concerning subjects selected in them, those targeting human beings are more often found than those dealing with materials. Based on the analysis results, this researcher has reached following conclusions. First, in this situation having super-aged society right ahead, it is needed to conduct research on various problems and needs existing in social welfare for elderly people living alone actively. Second, it is necessary to carry out research on a view of elderly people living alone as humans in ethical perspective. In order to prevent various problems that elderly people living alone are facing ultimately, not superficially, it is needed to provide social support and form a viewpoint for them in terms of human rights and ethics. Third, it is necessary to conduct qualitative research on the meaning and value of life that elderly people living alone are experiencing in the field of welfare actively so that it can be balanced and harmonized with quantitative research. In this way, it is possible to solve welfare issues related with elderly people living alone. Fourth, to solve various problems of elderly people living alone and satisfy their needs, it is necessary to carry out research targeting personal matters so that related welfare issues can be settled down within the social network effectively. Fifth, it is needed to conduct systematic and personalized consumer-oriented research concerning how to develop practical human service programs for elderly people living alone, provide support for them, and develop and distribute systems for delivery. 본 연구의 목적은 국내 독거노인과 관련하여 연구된 학술지, 학회지 논문의 시기, 내용, 방법, 연구대상에 대한 동향을 분석하여 사회복지 영역에서 독거노인의 연구 현황을 파악하여 독거노인 연구의 기초 자료를 제공하고 독거노인 연구의 방향을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 1991년부터 2018년 7월까지 출간된 국내에서 연구된 독거노인에 대한 학술지, 학위논문 연구물 856편을 연구대상으로 선정하여 동향을 분석하고 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였다. 동향분석 결과, 독거노인 관련 연구 시기는 1995년부터 꾸준히 증가하다가 2010년도에 들어와서 급격히 증가하였음을 알 수 있다. 연구내용은 기초연구 보다는 실천연구가 월등히 많으며 연구방법은 양적연구가 질적 연구와 문헌연구보다 더 많은 비중을 차지하였다. 연구대상은 인적 대상 연구가 물적 대상 연구보다 많이 연구되어졌다. 이런 분석 결과를 통해 얻은 결론은 첫째, 초고령사회로의 진입을 예상하는 상황에서 독거노인의 다양한 사회 복지적 문제들과 욕구에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 독거노인에 대한 인간관과 윤리적 관점에서의 연구가 필요하다. 독거노인이 가지는 여러 문제를 단회적인 처방이 아닌 근원적인 예방을 위한 인권과 윤리적 측면에서 사회적 지지와 관점을 형성해 나가야 할 것이다. 셋째, 복지현장에서 독거노인이 경험하는 삶의 의미와 가치에 대한 질적 연구가 활발히 진행됨으로 양적연구와 조화와 균형을 이루어 독거노인의 복지적 문제를 해결해 나가야 한다. 넷째, 독거노인의 다양한 문제와 욕구를 해결하기 위한 사회적 관계망 안에서 복지문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있는 인적대상의 연구가 필요하다. 다섯째, 독거노인을 위한 실제적인 휴먼서비스의 프로그램, 지원, 전달체계에 대한 개발과 보급에 있어서 체계적인 수요자 중심의 맞춤형 연구가 필요하다.

독거노인에 대한 사회보장 시론 - 현행 법령, 조례를 중심으로 -

오대영(吳大榮) 서울대 사회보장법연구회 2023 사회보장법연구 Vol.12 No.2

2019년 기준 대한민국의 70대 이상 노인 자살률은 OECD 평균보다 약 3배 정도 높고, 독거노인 고독사도 매년 증가하는 추세에 있다. 이뿐 아니라 고독한 사망에도 불구하고 장례를 치러줄 사람조차 없는 무연고자도 존재한다. 고령화가 계속 진행되어 노인인구의 수가 증가하고 인구구조에서 노인인구가 차지하는 비중이 커질수록, 노인인구 중에서도 취약성을 가진 독거노인을 위한 사회보장에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것이다. 본고에서는 독거노인을 위한 사회보장에 대한 연구의 시론으로서 독거노인의 개념과 실태, 독거노인에 대한 현행 사회보장제도를 살펴보고, 그에 대한 개선방안을 검토하려고 한다. 노인에 대한 사회보장과 관련된 법령의 명칭과 내용을 보면 노인, 고령자, 노령 등의 용어가 혼재되어 사용되고 있는데, 다수의 법령에서 노인을 65세 이상으로 보고 있으므로 본고에서 노인이라 함은 ‘65세 이상인 사람’을 지칭하기로 한다. 그리고 독거노인이란 “생계와 주거를 같이 하는 사람이 없는 65세 이상의 사람” 또는 “홀로 가구를 구성하는 65세 이상의 사람”으로 정의할 수 있다. 독거노인을 위한 현행 법령상 사회보장제도로는 노인복지법상의 노인맞춤돌봄서비스, 독거노인종합지원센터, 고독사 예방 및 관리에 관한 법률, 독거노인 지원 조례 등이 있는데, 이러한 제도는 독거노인의 인간다운 생활을 보장하기 위한 일정한 기여를 하고 있지만, 독거노인의 권리 주체성에 대한 인식이 부족하고, 제도의 구체적인 내용이 법령으로 형성되어 있지 않은 등의 한계도 존재한다. 우리 사회의 고령화가 급속히 진행됨에 따라 독거노인의 인간다운 생활을 할 권리를 보장하기 위한 후속 연구 및 입법 조치들이 요구된다. As of 2019, the suicide rate of the elderly in their 70s and older in Korea is about three times higher than the OECD average, and the number of lonely deaths among the elderly living alone is on the rise every year. As population aging continues, the number of elderly people increases and the proportion of the elderly population in the population structure increases, more research on social security for the vulnerable elderly living alone among the elderly population will be needed. In this paper, as an introduction to research on social security for the elderly living alone, the concept and reality of the elderly living alone, the current social security system for the elderly living alone, will be reviewed, and plans for improvement will be reviewed. In many laws, the elderly are defined as 65 years of age or older, so in this paper, the elderly are referred to as ‘people aged 65 years or older’. In addition, the elderly living alone can be defined as “a person aged 65 years or older who does not share a living and a residence” or “a person aged 65 years or older who constitutes a household alone”. The elderly do not have the right to receive social security simply because of the social risk of ‘old age’, but should be guaranteed a ‘sound and stable life’ because they have ‘contributed to the development of the nation and society’ and to raise descendants. Social security systems under current laws for the elderly living alone include the customized care service for the elderly, Comprehensive Support Center for the Elderly Living Alone under the Welfare of Senior Citizens Act, the Act on the Prevention and Management of Lonely Deaths, and the Ordinance on Support for the Elderly Living Alone. Although it makes a certain contribution to guarantee the livelihood of the elderly living alone, there are limitations such as a lack of awareness of the subjectivity of the rights of the elderly living alone and the specific details of the system not being formed in laws and regulations. As our society is rapidly aging, follow-up studies and legislative measures are required to guarantee the right of the elderly living alone to live a life worthy of human beings.

경북 농촌지역 여성 독거노인과 가족동거노인의 식습관 및 계절별 식품섭취 다양성 비교

임영지,최영선 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.5

The purpose of this study was to assess dietary habits and seasonal variation and diversity of food intakes of elderly women living alone as compared to those of elderly women living with family in a rural area. Forty nine elderly women living alone and forty one elderly women living with family who reside in Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk, were interviewed using questionnaires in summer 2005, and their food intakes were assessed secondly in winter and thirdly in spring 2006. The average ages were 74.7 years for elderly living alone and 72.8 years for elderly living with family. Tooth status and bone fracture experience were similar between the groups. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disease was 61.2% and that of circulatory disease was 32.7% of the subjects. Average of total score of mental depression of the subjects was 5.94 out of 12 points, and it was not significantly different between the two groups. Skipping meals was more frequent and mealtime was more irregular in the elderly women living alone as compared with the elderly women living with family. Consumption of dietary supplements was also less in the elderly women living alone. Food intakes by the elderly women living alone tended to be lower than those by the elderly women living with family. Dietary diversity score was significantly lower with the elderly women living alone as compared with the elderly women living with family only in summer (p < 0.01). Percentages of the subjects who have taken meat group and vegetable group were significantly lower in the elderly living alone compared with the elderly living with family during summer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop food assistance or supporting program suited for the season within a community for elderly women living alone.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Factors Affecting Cognitive Function of elderly living alone by Poverty Status

양승민 연세대학교 사회복지연구소 2022 한국사회복지조사연구 Vol.74 No.-

The purpose of this study is to compare the level of cognitive function, and physical, emotional, and social characteristics of elderly living alone according to their poverty status, and to longitudinally investigate the factors affecting cognitive function. The study included 660 the elderly living alone over the age of 65 who were selected from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA) panel data from the fifth year(2014) to the eighth year(2020). Panel regression analysis with random effect model was used to determine the influence of physical, emotional, and social factors on cognitive function. The findings are as the followings: First, the poor elderly living alone were more vulnerable in cognitive function, sociodemographic, physical, and psychological aspects compared to the non-poor elderly living alone. Second, age, level of education, area of residence, religion, subjective health status, depression, life satisfaction, and frequency of contact with close friends were found to be common factors for the elderly living alone groups. Third, gender, activities of daily living, and exercise frequency were found to be factors affecting the cognitive function of the poor elderly living alone, and the number of chronic diseases was that of the non-poor elderly living alone. Through this, it is suggested that it is necessary to classify the elderly living alone according to living conditions such as poverty status. It is needed to be recognized that living alone is a natural form of life rather than an unconditional negative life. It is necessary to pay attention to identifying and supporting the high-level needs of the elderly living alone, such as the ability to live independently, perception of the meaning of life, and self-actualization

A Study on Technology Acceptance of Elderly living Alone in Smart City Environment: Based on AI Speaker

Hyun-Sil YOO,Eung-Kyo SUH,Tae-Hyung KIM 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: This study is to examine the intention of the elderly who live alone in the customized AI speaker for the elderly living alone to improve the quality of life service for the elderly living alone in the smart city environment. Based on the quality of life model of the elderly, this study is applied to the technology acceptance model to investigate the relationship between perceived usefulness and ease of use on the sustained use intention. Research design, data and methodology: Residents in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, selected as candidate local governments for the Smart City Challenge Project of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in June 2019 to measure the perceived technology acceptance of potential users for the AI technology for the elderly living alone as part of the smart city technology. In order to evaluate the intention of using AI speaker, which is the target system of this study, a video of a chatbot using experience of elderly people living alone was produced. Results: First of all, in order for the elderly living alone to have an attitude to use AI-based speakers, there should be a perceived usefulness of the quality of life of the elderly. However, ease of use did not show any significant causal relationship to attitude toward use. In addition, the attitude toward use weakly influenced the intention to use. In other words, elderly people living alone were not likely to have a significant effect on their attitude toward use. However, feeling that AI speakers are easy to use will help to improve the quality of life, which in turn led to the attitude toward using AI speakers, which could lead to indirect effects. Finally, the perceived usefulness of quality of life was found to have a weak effect on direct use intentions. Conclusions: This study conducted a study on the technology acceptance of service environment to improve the quality of life for the specific user group who live alone in the smart seat environment. In this study, we examined the effects of AI speaker on the elderly living alone to improve the quality of life for the elderly living alone.

한국 독거노인과 비독거노인의 우울 위험요인 비교

김혜령,김은하 한국자료분석학회 2014 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of depression and its risk factors among elderly living alone and elderly living with others in Korea. A total of 1,748 of elderly living alone and 6,054 of elderly living with others from the 2008 report on the Korean national older adults life survey were selected. The prevalence of depression was greater for elderly living alone (41.5%) than elderly living with others (27.4%). Depression was more prevalent as elderly living alone was male gender; elderly with lower education level; as elderly with basic livelihood support; elderly who went senior centers; as elderly with diagnosed diseases; elderly who slept less than 6 hours; elderly with BMI less than 18.5; as elderly who can hardly climb stairs; whereas elderly living with others was affected by aged 75-84; elderly who participated in group activity; elderly who slept more than 8 hours otherwise risk factors of elderly living alone. The finding of differences in prevalence of depression and its' risk factors between elderly living alone and elderly living with others is expected to promote the differentiated strategy for elderly living alone and elderly living with others at risk of depression in Korea. 본 연구의 목적은 한국 독거노인과 비독거노인의 우울 유병률과 위험요인을 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 2011년 노인실태조사 원시자료 가운데 독거노인 1,748명과 비독거노인 6,054명의 자료를 분석하였다. 우울 유병률은 독거노인이 41.5%, 비독거노인이 27.4%로 독거노인의 유병률이 높았다. 우울의 위험요인을 확인하기 위한 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 독거노인은 여성에 비해 남성에서, 전문대학 졸업 이상의 학력을 가진 노인에 비해 중학교 졸업 또는 무학인 노인에서, 국민기초생활수급을 받지 않는 노인에 비해 수급대상인 노인에서, 경로당/복지관을 이용하는 노인에 비해 이용하지 않는 노인에서, 진단받은 질병이 없는 노인에 비해 두 개 이상의 질병을 진단받은 노인에서, 지난 1주일간 평균수면시간이 6-8시간인 노인에 비해서 6시간 미만인 노인에서, BMI가 정상인 노인에 비해 저체중인 노인에서, 쉬지 않고 열 계단을 오르는 데 전혀 어려움이 없는 노인에 비해 조금 또는 매우 어려움이 있거나 불가능한 노인에서 우울 발생 위험이 높았다. 이에 비해 비독거노인에서는 독거노인의 우울 위험요인들 외에 65-74세 연령을 기준으로 했을 때, 75-84세의 노인에서, 전문대학 졸업 이상의 학력을 가진 노인에 비해서 고등학교 졸업 이하의 학력을 가진 노인에서, 단체활동에 참여하는 노인에 비해서 참여하지 않는 노인에서, 지난 1주일간 평균수면시간이 6-8시간인 노인에 비해서 6시간 미만인 노인 뿐 아니라, 8시간 보다 많은 노인에서 우울 발생 위험이 높았다. 본 연구가 한국 독거노인의 우울 위험요인의 특성을 이해할 수 있는 근거를 마련하고 이를 기반으로 독거노인 우울 고위험인구 관리가 이루어질 것을 기대한다.

가족 동거 여부에 따른 남녀 노인의 식 행동과 영양소 섭취 실태 비교 분석: 국민건강영양조사 2013~2016

오지홍,정복미 대한지역사회영양학회 2019 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives: This study was undertaken to compare dietary life of the elderly living alone and in a family, and to compare differences based on gender, for the 2013-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The subjects included 2,612 elderly people aged over 65 years who participated in the health survey, health examination and nutrition survey. Subjects on a diet therapy were excluded. This study analyzed the general characteristics, dietary habits, daily energy and nutrient intakes, CPF ratio, estimated average requirement (EAR), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR), index of nutrient quality (INQ), and food consumption of the elderly living alone and in a family. We also compared the differences based on gender. Results: Daily intake of food, water, dietary fiber, potassium, retinol, and riboflavin were low in the male elderly subjects living alone. The elderly living with family revealed higher NAR and MAR as compared to the elderly living alone. Although all MAR values were <1, the elderly living alone had lower values. Considering the intake of food, the consumption of seaweed, fish and shellfish, and oils (animal) was higher in elderly men living with families, whereas women living with families consumed more vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and seafood, as compared to their counterparts living alone. Furthermore, analyzing the foods consumed by the elderly people living alone, female subjects consumed more seaweed, milk and animal oil as compared to male subjects. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the elderly living alone have poor nutrient intake as compared to the elderly living with families. Based on this research data, we recommend that it is necessary to improve the health and nutritional status of the elderly living alone.

노인의 독거여부에 따른 건강증진행위와 신체적 정신적 건강에 관한 연구

김예성 ( Kim Ye Sung ) 한국보건사회연구원 2014 保健社會硏究 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 독거노인이 증가하는 현상황에서 독거여부가 노인들의 신체적 정신적 건강에 영향을 미치는 경로에 대해 검토하고자 하였으며, 그 과정에서 건강증진행위 변인이 지니는 매개적 역할에 주목하였다. 자료수집은 서울시내 3개구 독거노인지원센터에 소속되어 있는 독거노인들과 노인복지관, 경로당을 이용하는 노인들을 대상으로 설문을 통해 이루어졌으며, 독거노인 208명과 가족동거노인 199명에 관한 자료가 수집되었다. 선행연구들에 기반하여 노인의 독거여부가 직접적으로 또는 건강증진행위를 매개로 하여 신체적 건강과 정신적 건강 수준에 영향을 미치게 되는 연구모형을 설정하고 구조 방정식을 통해 이를 검토하였다. 분석 결과, 독거노인은 가족동거노인에 비해 건강증진 행위 및 신체적 정신적 건강 수준 모두 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 건강증진행위는 독거 여부가 신체적 정신적 건강 수준에 영향을 미치는 경로를 매개하는 변인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 우리사회가 독거노인의 열악한 건강수준에 대해 관심을 가지고 이들의 건강을 증진시키기 위해 노력을 기울여야 할 시점임을 알려준다. 나아가 독거노인의 건강수준을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 독거노인들 스스로 실천할 수 있는 건강증진행위의 중요성에 대해 인식시키고 건강증진행위 수준을 높이기 위한 프로그램을 개발하여 보급해야 할 필요성이 크다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of living alone on the physical and mental health of elderly people in the present situation of increase of seniors living alone. The mediating effect of health promoting behaviors was mainly examined. Data was collected by administering surveys to elderly people living alone belong to the support center for the elderly living alone and elderly people who use elderly welfare centers or senior citizen centers located in 3 districts of Seoul area. As a result, data from 208 elderly people living alone and 199 elderly people living with family members were used. Based on previous literature, the analytic model supposing the variance of living alone would affect on physical and mental health of elderly people directly or indirectly mediated by health promoting behaviors was developed and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results are as follows. The levels of health promoting behaviors and physical and mental health of elderly living alone are lower than elderly those of people living with family members. And the variance of health promoting behavior is mediating factor of the variance of living alone and the level of physical and mental health. From these results theoretical and practical implication for social work practice were discussed. Attentions to the health of elderly people living alone are needed and the systems for increasing the health promoting behaviors should be prepared and diffused for protecting health of elderly people living alone.

장애인과 비장애인 독거노인의 자살생각 영향요인 분석

김예순,남영희,Kim, Ye-Soon,Nam, Young-Hee 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회 2021 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: This study purposed to analyze of factors related to suicidal ideation among people with and without disabilities in elderly living alone Methods: The study examines the factors of suicidal ideation using over 65 years of age who participated in the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans of the elderly living alone data. Subjects were 2,265 person among elderly living alone over 65 years of age. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, X²-test, t-test, logistic regression analysis with the SPSS win 26.0 program. Results: Suicidal ideation of the elderly living alone with disabilities were 13.6% and 9.0% of the elderly living alone without disabilities, and the elderly living alone with disabilities had higher suicidal ideation (p<.05). The significant predictors of the suicidal ideation in elderly living alone with disabilities were employment and depression. The significant predictors of the suicidal ideation in elderly living alone without disabilities were age, gender, number of chronic disease, economic state, SLCA(Society, leisure, culture, and activities) and depression. Depression was analyzed as a common factor related to suicidal ideation in disabled and non-disabled elderly living alone. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a program for people with and without disabilities. It is necessary to prepare various programs and community support systems to prevent and manage depression for people with and without disabilities in elderly living alone.

「독거노인 종합지원대책」에 나타난 제도적 지원의 문제점 및 해결방안에 관한 연구

이척희 ( Chuck-he Lee ),노재철 ( Jae-chul Noh ) 산업진흥원 2020 산업진흥연구 Vol.5 No.3

본 연구는 2018년 보건복지부에서 발표한 「독거노인 종합지원대책」을 중심으로 독거노인에 대한 제도적 지원의 문제점 및 해결방안에 관하여 연구하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 맞춤형 독거노인 지원제도를 도입해야 한다. 독거노인의 생활만족도 향상을 위해 가장 기본적인 일상생활 관련 욕구에 맞는 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 서비스를 연계할 구체적인 방안과 지원체계가 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 독거노인에 대한 사회적 관심도 증대가 필요하다. 독거노인에 대한 문제해결은 독거노인에 대한 사회적 관심도가 선행되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 사회적 관계망의 강화가 필요하다. 셋째, 독거노인을 위한 법률 제·개정을 제안한다. 기존 법률의 일부 개정만으로는 한계가 있고, 다양한 노인일자리 유형에 대한 기준과 정의, 노인일자리 사업 전담기관을 포함한 전달체계에 대한 재정비, 근로자성 관련규정, 노인생산품 우선구매제도 등 개별 법률 제정을 통하여 해결하는 것이 바람직하다. 결론적으로 독거노인에 대한 복지지원은 종합적이고 포괄적이어야 한다. 독거노인의 복지는 우선적으로 맞춤형 돌봄서비스가 시행되어야 하며, 사회적 관심도의 증대를 토대로 해서 독거노인에 대한 사회적 지지를 향시키고, 독거노인을 위해 법제·개정이 능동적이고 선제적으로 이루어져야 한다. This study aims to study the problems and solutions of institutional support for the elderly living alone, focusing on the General Support for Living Alone Elderly announced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2018. Results, First, a customized support system for the elderly living alone should be introduced. In order to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone, it is necessary to develop a program that meets the most basic daily life needs, and a specific plan and a support system to link services should be prepared. Second, it is necessary to increase social interest in the elderly living alone. Solving problems for the elderly living alone should be preceded by social interest in the elderly living alone. For this, it is necessary to strengthen the social network. Third, it proposes legislation and amendment for the elderly living alone. Some revisions of existing laws have limitations, and are resolved through individual laws, such as standards and definitions for various types of elderly jobs, reorganization of the delivery system including agencies dedicated to elderly jobs, workers-related regulations, and preferential purchase systems for senior products. It is desirable to do. In conclusion, welfare support for the elderly living alone should be comprehensive and comprehensive. For the welfare of the elderly living alone, personalized care services should be provided first, and social support for the elderly living alone should be promoted on the basis of increasing social interest, and laws and revisions must be actively and proactively made for the elderly living alone.