공급망 간 패키징의 인식차이에 관한 실태조사 -RRP를 중심으로 Survey

정성태 한국물류학회 2019 물류학회지 Vol.29 No.3

In this paper, we conducted a detailed analysis of RRP, focusing on the major variables related to the recognition gap between supply chains, to present the detailed basis of existence of recognition difference. An independent t-test of 11 questions between manufacturers and distributors found that manufacturers did not benefit from RRP, while distributors were found to be effective. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the distributors in each group, the results of analysis among manufacturers showed that the efficiency of the packaging containers as well as the design factors of the packaging containers were better than those of general manufacturers and import suppliers Phosphorylation and phosphorylation. Although there is no statistically significant difference between the manufacturer and the import supplier, the comparison of the averages in detail reveals that the import supplier has a stronger sense of concern than the general manufacturer. This reflects the fact that overseas buyers are more aware of the costs and losses incurred in the process of repacking and delivering products in the form of RRPs required at domestic discount stores or warehouse discount stores. It is interpreted as a result. Therefore, all packaging, including RRP programs, should consider the impact on the total supply chain and realize innovation and added value to meet consumer needs. 본 논문은 RRP를 중심으로 공급망 간 패키징의 인식차이에 관한 주요변수들을 중심으로 상세분석을 통해 인식차이 존재여부 의 세부적인 근거를 제시하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 제조업체와 유통업체 간 11개 문항에 해서 독립 t-test를 실시한 결과, 제조 업체에서는 RRP로 인해 혜택을 보지 못하고 있는 것으로 느끼고 있는 반면, 유통업체에서는 효과가 있었던 것으로 분석되었다. 유통업체간 그룹별 평균 비교결과 모두 통계적으로 유의한 평균차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 제조업체간 분석결과에서는 포장용기 의 설계요인 뿐만 아니라 포장용기의 효율성에 있어서도 PB납품업체가 일반제조업체 및 수입납품업체에 비해 긍정적인 반응을 나타낸 것으로 분석되었다. 제조업체와 수입납품업체 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 평균차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 세부적으로 평균을 비교해 본 결과 수입납품업체가 일반제조업체에 비해 보다 강한 문제의식을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 해외에서 수입한 상품들을 국내 형마트 또는 창고형 할인매장에서 요구하는 RRP형태로 재포장 작업을 진행 후 납품하는 과정에서 발생 되고 있는 비용과 손실 등에 하여 보다 심각하게 지각하고 있음을 본 설문에 반영한 결과로 해석된다. 따라서 RRP 프로그램을 포함한 모든 패키징은 총 공급망에 미칠 수 있는 영향에 해 고려하고, 소비자의 요구를 충족하기 위해 혁신과 부가가치를 실현 해야 한다.

마찰을 고려한 롤러 랙-피니언의 굽힘강도설계

권순만,이용호 대한기계학회 2024 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.48 No.9

본 논문에서는 기존 랙-피니언의 인벌류트 직선 치형 랙을 원형 치형으로 대체한 롤러 랙-피니언(RRP: roller rack and pinion)의 기어 치면 상의 탄성유체윤활 기반 마찰계수를 고려하여 RRP 피니언의 굽힘강도설계를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 설계제원, 운전조건, 치면의 표면조도 및 기어오일점도에 대한 다양한 조건에서 마찰계수의 변화를 검토하였다. 이후, 마찰을 고려한 접촉력을 수치해석적으로 결정하고, 이를 기반으로 다양한 조건 하의 이뿌리 굽힘응력 거동을 고찰하였다. 특히 마찰 유무에 따른 이뿌리 굽힘응력은 변화가 거의 없음을 확인하였고, 이를 통해 RRP 피니언의 굽힘강도설계 시 마찰의 영향을 무시하여도 무방함을 알 수 있었다. In this study, the bending strength of a roller rack and pinion (RRP), of which the rack-bar comprises a series of roller trains that mesh with the pinion, is designed by considering the friction coefficient based on elastohydrodynamic lubrication on the gear tooth surface of the RRP. First, the variation in the friction coefficient was examined under various design parameters, operating conditions, surface roughnesses of the tooth surface, and gear oil viscosities. Subsequently, the contact force considering friction was numerically determined, and the behavior of the tooth root bending stress (TRBS) under various conditions was examined. The result shows that the effect of friction is negligible when designing the bending strength of the RRP pinion owing to the minimal change in the TRBS with or without friction.

추계학적 확률과정을 이용한 경사제 피복재의 예방적 유지관리를 위한 조건기반모형

이철응(Cheol-Eung Lee) 한국해안해양공학회 2016 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.4

추계학적 확률과정을 이용하여 경사제 피복재를 예방적으로 유지관리할 수 있는 조건기반모형을 개발하였다. 완전 보수보강 조건에서 가장 경제적으로 보수보강이 수행되어야 하는 최적의 시점을 결정할 수 있는 모형이다. 본 연구에서 개발된 RRP(Renewal Reward Process) 기반 경제성 모형은 이자율을 고려할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 기존 연구에서 상수로 취급하던 비용을 시간에 따른 확률변수로 고려할 수 있다. 누적피해와 사용한계 그리고 구조물의 중요도를 모두 고려할 수 있는 함수식을 제시하여 ABM(Age-Based Maintenance)을 CBM(Condition-Based Maintenance)으로 쉽게 확장할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 함수식에 포함된 계수들을 수학적으로 산정할 수 있는 방법도 제시하였다. 두 가지 추계학적 확률과정, WP(Wiener Process)와 GP(Gamma Process)를 이용하여 경사제 사석재를 해석하였다. 사용한계, 이자율 그리고 구조물의 중요도에 따라 시간에 따른 기대총비용율을 산정하여 기대총비용율이 최소가 되는 예방적 유지관리의 최적 시점을 쉽게 추정할 수 있었다. 동일한 사용한계에서 이자율이 높을수록 최적시점은 늦어지고 그에 따라 기대총비용율도 낮아졌다. 또한 상대적으로 GP가 WP보다 더 보수적으로 최적시점을 예측하였다. 마지막으로 동일한 조건에서 구조물의 중요도가 높을수록 더 자주 예방적 보수보강을 실시하여야 한다는 것을 알았다. A stochastic process has been used to develop a condition-based model for preventive maintenance of armor units of rubble-mound breakwaters that can make a decision the optimal interval at which some repair actions should be performed under the perfect maintenance. The proposed cost model in this paper based on renewal reward process can take account of the interest rate, also consider the unplanned maintenance cost which has been treated like a constant in the previous studies to be a time-dependent random variable. A function for the unplanned maintenance cost has been mathematically proposed so that the cumulative damage, serviceability limit and importance of structure can be taken into account, by which a age-based maintenance can be extended to a condition-based maintenance straightforwardly. The coefficients involved in the function can also be properly estimated using a method expressed in this paper. Two stochastic processes, Wiener process and gamma process have been applied to armor stones of rubble-mound breakwaters. By evaluating the expected total cost rate as a function of time for various serviceability limits, interest rates and importances of structure, the optimal period of preventive maintenance can easily determined through the minimization of the expected total cost rate. For a fixed serviceability limit, it shows that the optimal period has been delayed while the interest rate increases, so that the expected total cost rate has become lower. In addition, the gamma process tends to estimate the optimal period more conservatively than the Wiener process. Finally, it is found that the more crucial the level of importance of structure becomes, the more often preventive maintenances should be carried out.

숙지황 추출물의 항염증 작용을 통한 항우울 효과

김응선,정명수 대한한의학회 2022 대한한의학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Objectives: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP) has been used as a traditional remedy to treat gynecology and endocrine diseases. Recently, studies on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RRP have been reported, so it was judged that RRP extracts would have an anti-depressive effect. Methods: We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive effect of RRP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression and LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. RRP inhibited the LPS-stimulated excessive release of nitrite in the BV2 cells. RRP also significantly inhibited the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Results: RRP significantly suppressed the LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. In addition, administration of RRP not only inhibited the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) but also increased the total travel distance in the open field test (OFT). Also, RRP inhibited the elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in brain of LPS-injected mice. Conclusions: Considering the overall results, our study showed that RRP exhibited the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive activities via deactivation of MAPKs and NF-κB.

쌍보환 추출물의 파골세포 분화 억제와 골 흡수 억제효과

김성중,이정주,김준현,조소현,박민철,조은희 대한침구의학회 2015 대한침구의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Purpose : The first purpose of this study is to find out whether the water extract of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(RRP), Cuscutae Semen(CS) and their combination(Ssangbohwan, SBH) have the effect of suppressing Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. The second purpose of this study is to find out whether the water extract of RRP, CS and SBH have the effect of inhibiting osteoporosis in an osteoporosis model induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods : After promoting differentiation of osteoclasts by treating the RANKL, we observed the effect by the administration of RRP, CS and SBH. In addition, by means of Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), we assayed mRNA expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, TRAP and GAPDHS(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogeni) from bone marrow macrophages(BMMs). Similarly, the protein expression levels of NFATc1 (Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic1), C-Fos, MAPKs(Mitogen-activated protein kinases) and β-actin in cell lysates were analyzed by means of Western Blotting. Finally, we determined the anti-osteoporotic effects of RRP, CS and SBH, through the use of Lipopolysaccharide-induced bone-loss mouse. Results : RRP, CS and SBH showed remarkable inhibitive effect on RANKL-treated osteoclast differentiation without cytotoxicity. SBH inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, Jun N-terminal kinases(JNK), and I-κB and down-regulated the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1 by RANKL. RRP, CS suppressed degradation of I-κB, but it did not affect c-Fos and NFATc1 by RANKL. Lastly, in vivo data showed that RRP and SBH prevented bone erosion by LPS treatment. Conclusions : These results demonstrate SBH can be effective remedy for bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.

熟地黃이 卵巢摘出로 誘發된 흰쥐의 骨多孔症에 미치는 影響

이진아,반혜란,양승정,조성희,진천식 대한한방부인과학회 2004 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose : The present study was carried out to determine the effects of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(RRP) on the postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by bone loss and morbidity with osteoporotic fracture is increasing in elderly. The most common form of osteoporosis is associated with deficiency of estrogen. Women rapidly lose additional skeletal bone mass in the years immediately after ovarian function stops. The rapid period of postmenopausal bone loss significantly increases the risk of clinical osteoporosis in women. Methods : The variance of body weight, femoral bone weight, serum level of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), estradiol, cholesterol were measured. Animals were observed for 8 weeks, and vehicle and extracts of prescriptions were administered ad libitum. Results : Body weight increased significantly in 6 weeks after ovariectomy, and the weight of RRP administered group decreased significantly. RRP decreased the serum level of cholesterol. Administration of RRP increased the serum level of ALP when compared with control. Conclusion : According to above results, RRP can be used for prevention and curing the postmenopausal osteoporosis.

A Study on the Effect of Retail Ready Packaging (RRP) in Discount Stores on Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention

Jung, Sung-Tae Korea Society of Packaging Science and Technology 2021 한국포장학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study is to establish a new management strategy to meet customer needs of discount stores as customers demand higher and more diverse services in addition to low prices. An empirical analysis on consumers to explore the structural relationships between the quality, environmentally friendliness, consumer perception, service value, and emotional response of retail ready packaging (RRP) in discount stores in order to find out how they affect customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. First, it was confirmed that the RRP quality of discount stores that affects customer satisfaction is mediated by the emotional response. Second, it was found that RRP in discount stores should continue to devise strategies to improve service quality along with efforts to provide more benefits perceived by customers to increase customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. Third, it was confirmed that the RRP image of discount stores has a positive (+) effect on service value, emotional response, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention.

정상화·정리계획(RRP) 제도의 효과적인 국내 도입 방향에 대한 연구

윤성현 ( Yun Sunghyun ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 글로벌비즈니스와 법센터 2019 연세 글로벌 비즈니스 법학연구 Vol.11 No.2

In the wake of 2008 global financial crisis, the international community led by the G20 and the Financial Stability Board introduced a new resolution regime called “the Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions.” Since then, the Korean government has designated the D-SIBs and announced a plan that it would introduce the Recovery and Resolution Planning regime. A reform bill was recently proposed to introduce the RRP requirements by amending the Act on the Structural Improvement of Financial Industry, in short ASIFI, a law that governs the special resolution regime for financial institutions. This bill is now under review by the Parliament of Korea. In keeping with the FSB’s recommendation, the SIFIs are required to write plans and submit them to the Financial Supervisory Service after they are notified of their SIFI designation. On the other hand, resolution plans will be prepared by the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation as a resolution authority based on the recovery plans and other data provided by the SIFIs. The writer will explain the key features of the proposed regislation and challenges in implementing RRP in Korea. Another main feature of FSB’s recommendation to be discussed is the Bail-in tool. There are still concerns about disadvantages against the Bail-in in Korea. However, the writer is still in favor of introducing a bail-in as a resolution tool in the long term perspective because it can mitigate the TBTF problem and bail-out issue.

잭업 리그용 잭킹 피니언의 접촉 피로수명

권순만(Soon-man Kwon) 대한기계학회 2017 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.41 No.12

해양 플랜트 산업에 있어 잭킹 시스템은 잭업 드릴링 플랫폼의 핵심 장비이며, 대부분 랙-피니언 기어를 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 잭업용 랙-피니언의 내마멸 설계를 위해 랙 치형이 직선 치형이 아닌 원형 치형인 RRP(roller rack pinion) 시스템을 새로운 대안으로 고려하였다. 이때 보다 높은 내피로 저항성을 얻기 위해 치형수정계수를 고려한 인벌류트-오프셋 곡선을 RRP 시스템 피니언의 치형으로 채택하였다. 이를 기반으로 접촉력 및 Hertz 접촉응력을 결정한 후 형상 설계제원 변화에 따른 브리넬링 표면피로수명을 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과 치형수정계수를 증가시킴으로써 잭킹 피니언의 피로수명이 상당히 연장될 수 있음을 알 수 있었고, 소정 값 이상의 치형수정계수로 설계되었을 때만이 목표수명 값을 얻을 수 있었다. Gear jacking systems are used in the offshore industry as key equipment for jack-up drilling platforms and make use of a rack and pinion gear in the modern day. As a new alternative to this jacking system, the roller rack pinion (RRP) system is introduced in this paper. The rack-bar of an RRP system has a series of roller trains that mesh with the pinion. To obtain a higher contact fatigue resistance in the jacking pinion based on the RRP system, this paper adopted an involute-offset tooth profile. The contact forces were then determined and the Hertz contact stresses were investigated to estimate the surface fatigue life based on Brinell damage by varying the shape design parameters. The results demonstrate that the fatigue design life of a jacking pinion can be extended significantly by increasing the profile modification coefficient, and an appropriate lifespan can be obtained only when this coefficient reaches or exceeds a certain level.

핀 기어 메커니즘을 이용한 직선이송시스템

김창현(Chang-Hyun Kim),남형철(Hyungchul Nam),권순만(Soon-Man Kwon) 대한기계학회 2012 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2012 No.5-3

This paper considers two linear drive systems using pin gear mechanism(PGM), one is the RRP(roller rack pinion) system that consists of a roller rack and a cam pinion, the other is the CRP(cam rack pinion) system that consists of a cam rack and roller pinion. Through the comparison of contact forces and contact stresses between two linear drive systems, it reveals that the RRP system is superior to the CRP system in the aspet of the bending strength, while the CRP system has higher contact fatigue resistance than that of the RRP system.