중년여성의 루키즘이 외모만족도에 미치는 영향: 외모관리행동의 매개효과

민자영,장성호 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.23 No.11

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between lookism and appearance satisfaction among middle-aged women and to verify whether appearance management behaviors act as a mediating factor. The research focused on women aged 40 to 50 residing in Seoul and the metropolitan area, and the results are as follows. Firstly, lookism showed negative correlations with appearance management behaviors and appearance satisfaction, while appearance management behaviors exhibited a positive correlation with appearance satisfaction among middle-aged women. Secondly, the sub-factors of lookism, namely, social comparison and upward comparison, directly influenced appearance satisfaction and were also found to indirectly influence it through appearance management behaviors. Thirdly, appearance management behaviors had a positive impact on appearance satisfaction, and increasing such behaviors allowed middle-aged women to reduce dissatisfaction with their appearance and increase their satisfaction. In conclusion, the study provides essential information for understanding and improving middle-aged women's self-image and attitudes towards their appearance. It highlights the significance of individualized standards in forming appearance satisfaction. The findings are expected to be beneficial for shaping appearance satisfaction based on personal criteria.

대학생의 외모에 대한 사회문화적 태도, 객체화된 신체의식, 사회적 체형 불안이 신체활동에 미치는 영향

정용민(Yong Min Chung) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.43

This study was performed on the assumption that social messages stimulated by mass media lead to a physical-appearance-oriented sense of value and develop a negative image of one`s own body and appearance in comparison with ideal beauties in his/her times. Another assumption was added that lots of people will voluntarily participate in some aspects of appearance management behavior such as weight control and exercise so as to partly relieve those social and psychological pressures. 513university students (male, 261, female , 252 ; mean age = 22.37±2.28) were involved in this study. Participants completed the SATQ-3, K-OBCS, SPAS-7, and Baecke`s Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. The following results came out through the Covariance structure analysis of causal relationships of Sociocultural attitude toward appearance, Objectified body consciousness, Social physique anxiety, and Physical activity. University students showed a meaningful but negative relationship between Sociocultural attitude toward appearance and Physical activity. University students showed a meaningful but negative relationship between Objectified body consciousness and Physical activity. University students showed a meaningful and positive relationship between Sociocultural attitude toward appearance and Social physique anxiety. University students showed a meaningful and positive relationship between Objectified body consciousness and Social physique anxiety. University students showed a meaningful but negative relationship between Social physique anxiety and Physical activity. Social physique anxiety did not show meaningful effects of mediator between Sociocultural attitude toward appearance and Objectified body consciousness, and Physical activity. Therefore its indirect effects proved to be meaningless.

직장 여성들의 헤어스타일 관리방법과 만족도에 따른 심리적, 신체적 스트레스 변화

이외숙 ( Oe Sook Lee ),권기한 ( Ki Han Kwon ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose this study was to examine working women``s ways of managing their hair style by occupation and the changes of their psychological and physical stress by satisfaction with appearance in an effort to improve working women``s hair style, which is the biggest part of appearance, and their overall satisfaction with appearance. And it``s found that satisfaction level with appearance exerted a huge influence on mental and physical stress. Given the findings of the study, the development of an educational program that aims at teaching how to make up for working women``s shortcoming and play up their strength is expected to help these women to have less stress about their appearance and image, to ensure their psychological wellbeing and ultimately to elevate the efficiency of their job performance and work life. Just the group of working women was investigated in this study, and it seems necessary to research the appearance management of working men and to develop separate educational programs respectively geared toward working men and women who seem to be different from each other in appearance and appearance management.

외양-실제 구분 능력의 발달: 물리, 생물 및 심리영역에서의 외양-실제 구분

김혜리 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2006 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.19 No.1

The present studies examined the effects of domain-specific knowledge about physical object, anomals and facial expressions on the appearance-reality distinction. Experiment 1 assessed the ability of 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-year olds to distinguish between the real and apparent identities of illusory stimuli. Three domains of stimuli were used: physical objects, animals and facial expressions. Three- and 5-year-olds could not distinguish the real and apparent identities of illusory stimuli. The distinctions of the real and apparent identities of the animals and facial expressions were more diffcult than those of the physical object; even 7-year-olds cuold not distinguish the real and apparent facial expression. In Experment 2, children were presented with stories about the transformations of apparences performed upon the physical objects, animals and facial epressions of emotional states, and then were asked to distinguish the real versus apparent identities of them. Three- and 5-year-olds did not understand that the transformations of appearance did not change the real identities of animals and emotional states, and thus could not distinguish the real and apparent identities. In contrast, 7- and 9-year-olds distinguished and identified the real and apparent identities of three domains of stimuli. The present results suggests that the development of the appearance-reality distinctions is a domain specific development, which occurs at different times for different domains. 본 연구에서는 외양과 실제를 구분하는 능력이 영역특정적 지식의 영향을 받는지 알아보기 위해 물리, 생물 그리고 심리영역의 대상인 물리적 사물, 동물 그리고 얼굴표정 자극을 사용하여 연구하였다. 실험 1에서는 Falvell 등(1983)이 사용하였던 것과 유사하게 외양과 실제가 일치하지 않는 자극을 사용하여 3, 5, 7, 9세 아동에게 외양과 실제에 대해 질문하였다. 3세와 5세 아동은 외양-실제 구분을 잘 하지 못하였다. 동물이나 얼굴표정의 외양-실제 구분은 물리적 사물의 외양-실제 구분은 보다 어려워서, 7세 아동도 얼굴표정의 외양-실제 구분을 잘 하지 못하였다. 실험 2에서는 외양을 변화시켰을 때 실제(내적 본질)가 변화했는가를 판단하도록 하여 외양-실제 구분을 연구하였다. 3세와 5세 아동은 동물이나 얼굴표정의 외양이 변화되었을 때 실제는 외양과 다르다는 것을 알지 못하여 외양-실제 구분을 하지 못하였다. 그러나 7세와 9세 아동은 세 영역의 과제에 대해 높은 수행을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 사물의 외양과 실제를 구분하여 이해하는 사고과정이 영역 특정적인 지식의 영향을 받는 영역특정적 발달과정임을 시사한다.

노인들의 자아존중감과 신체매력인지에 따른 외모관리 행동에 관한 연구

이유종 ( Yoo Jong Lee ),서부일 ( Bu Il Seo ) 한국노인의료복지학회 2010 노인의료복지연구 Vol.2 No.2

This research analyzed the factors causing the aged to care their appearances based according to their self esteem and perception of physical attraction in order to help the old with their appearances caring since they need better supports for the caring and perception of physical attraction in this quickest aging society. 3 colleges for the aged located in Daegu were randomly chosen and 600 male/female students attending the colleges who are older than 65 were surveyed from 1st June, 2009 to 1st Sep for 3 months. The researcher explained the object and goal of the research and had the students fill out the questionnaires. Then 595 copies out of 600 were answered properly and the results are summed as followings. 1) Married female students who live alone as a housewife having a religion with poor educational background had the highest interest in managing their appearances. The students also caring their hair, weights, dresses tell us that they are mentally and economically unstable so that they try harder to show better images of them to others than the other old women who live with their husband. 2) Overall appearance management takes up 24.4 % and the value F has a statistical significance as its value being 27.129. Sex(b=0.417) and having/ not having a religion(b=0.173) were the factors affecting them to care their appearances. Females with a religion turned out to care more about their appearances. 3) They cared about their face the most then their hair style, dresses, shape, social physical attraction, personal physical attraction, and self esteem when I looked at the correlation between variables for caring their appearances. The factors that made them to care their face and shape were social and personal physical attraction, self esteem whereas social physical attraction, self esteem, then personal physical attraction were the factors made them to care their hair style and dresses in order.

비언어적 커뮤니케이션의 의미와 효과 연구 : 홈쇼핑 진행자의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 분석

정은이,정의철 한국소통학회 2015 한국소통학보 Vol.26 No.-

이 연구는 TV 홈쇼핑 진행자인 쇼호스트의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션을 연구하였다. 비언어 커뮤니케이션을 유사언어, 신체언어, 신체적 외양으로 분류했고, 유사언어는 목소리의 음높 이, 전달 속도, 억양 변화, 발음의 정확성, 휴지(pause), 음색, 목소리의 크기로, 신체언어는 얼굴 표정, 고갯짓, 손짓, 몸짓을 다 포함한 제스처, 자세, 응시 행위로, 신체적 외양은 인상, 체격, 헤어스타일, 복장으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 연구방법으로는 쇼호스트의 비언어적 요소 의 특징을 조사하기 위해 홈쇼핑 방송 전문가 12명과 아나운서 출신 전문 방송인 12명 등 총 24명의 인터뷰 조사하였다. 또한 CJ오쇼핑의 2012년 9월 10일부터 12일까지의 방송분을 1 차, 2014년 3월 2일부터 4일까지의 방송분을 2차로 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 쇼호스트의 유사언어는 목소리의 다양한 활용을 보이며, 이는 언어적 메시지를 생동감 있게 전달하는 것 으로 나타났다. 둘째, 쇼호스트의 신체언어인 표정, 제스처, 자세, 응시 행위 모두 자연스럽고 다양한데, 그 중 제스처는 상품 실연, 주문 유도, 감정 표현, 평가, 지시, 청취 등의 역할을 하 고 있었다. 셋째, 쇼호스트의 신체적 외양은 TV 홈쇼핑 초창기에 비해 더욱 화려하고 세련되 어졌는데, 신체적 외양의 가장 큰 특징은 복장을 상품 실연의 방법으로 활용한다는 것이다. 넷째, 쇼호스트는 유사언어, 신체 행위, 신체적 외양 등의 비언어적 요소를 고르게 강조, 설 명, 보완, 설득 등의 의도적 목적으로 활용하고 있었다. 이러한 특징들만 보더라도 쇼호스트는 적극적으 로 비언어를 설득 수단으로 활용함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 쇼호스트 의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션을 이해함으로써 더욱 효과적으로 시청자와 소통하도록 하는 데 유 익한 근거 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate TV home shopping show hosts’ non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication was categorized into paralanguage, body language, and physical appearance. Paralanguage included pitch of the voice, the transmission rate, intonation variation, accuracy of pronunciation, pause, tone, and the volume of the voice; body language included facial expression, gestures involving the head, hands, and the body, postures, and gazes; and physical appearance included impressions, constitution, hairstyles, and clothing. To screen the characteristics of the non-verbal factors for show hosts, a total of 24 persons-12 professional show hosts and 12 professional broadcasters-were interviewed. CJ Home Shopping shows broadcasted from September 10 to 12, 2012 were first analyzed; then, those broadcasted from March 2 to 4, 2014 were analyzed. The results are as follows: First, show hosts' paralanguage is characterized by diverse uses of the voice, which may contribute to vivid description of verbal messages. Second, show hosts use all the factors of body language― facial expression, gestures, postures, and gazes―in natural and diverse ways. Of these, gestures can be divided into goods demonstration, order induction, emotional expression, assessment, direction, listening, and so on. Third, show hosts’ physical appearance has become more splendid and sophisticated than in the initial stage of TV home shopping. Show hosts’ physical appearance is most characterized by using their clothing as a way of good demonstration. Fourth, show hosts use such non-verbal factors as paralanguage, body language, and physical appearance evenly for those purposes of emphasis, explanation, supplementation, and persuasion. These characteristics demonstrate that show hosts positively use the non-verbal factors as a means of persuasion. The results of this study are expected to be reference data that can help systematize show hosts' non-verbal communication.

미용전공 고등학생들의 외모 가꾸기와 신체만족도

강미영,문태영,김강련 고신대학교보건과학연구소 2003 보건과학연구소보 Vol.13 No.-

The present researchers surveyed 204 students from high schools located in Busan, who worked on beauty-related studies. Measurement devices include the measures of general charactehstics (which of beauty-related studies is interesting, how much is spent in appearance-making), physical satisfaction and appearance-making behaviors. The data obtained were statistically processed using SPSS PC(ver 10.0), and verified using t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. It may demonstrated in this study that most students have more than usual interest in what they look to others. Such interest is not significantly correlated with students' allowance money level, average family income per month, gender and school types. It is not related to students' physical satisfaction. Consequently, high school students are generally satisfied with their physical shapes, while they have interests in making their appearances looking better.

성인들의 신체활동과 관련된 운동심상, 의사결정균형, 운동 자기효능감

박인경(InKyoungPark),김영호(YoungHoKim) 한국체육학회 2012 한국체육학회지 Vol.51 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 성인의 성, 연령, 운동변화단계에 따른 신체활동, 운동심상, 의사결정균형 그리고 운동 자기효능감의 차이를 확인하고, 신체활동을 예측하는데 있어 운동심상, 의사결정균형 그리고 운동 자기효능감이 유의하게 작용하는지 여부를 밝히고자 하였다. 총 426명(남자 : 198명, 여자 : 228명, 평균연령 = 31.02세)의 성인들을 대상으로 운동심상 검사지, 의사결정균형 검사지, 운동 자기효능감 검사지, 주간 운동수준 질문지를 사용하였으며, 기술통계, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 검증, 변량분석, 상관분석, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 성, 연령, 운동변화단계에 따라 운동심상, 의사결정균형, 운동 자기효능감, 신체활동에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 신체활동을 설명하는 예측인자로서 외형-건강 심상이 23.7%로 가장 높은 설명력을 보였으며, 그 다음으로 운동 자기효능감 17.6%, 운동기분 심상 12.6%, 운동장애 11.9%의 순으로 나타났다. 신체활동을 예측하는데 있어 본 연구에서 적용한 모든 변인들의 전체적인 설명력은 23.1%로 나타났다. 성인의 신체활동을 증가시키기 위한 전략은 그들이 가지고 있는 운동심상과 운동 자기효능감을 극대화하고 운동장애를 최소화하는데 초점을 맞추어야 할 것이다. The purposes of this study were to identify the differences among physical activity, exercise imagery, decisional balance and exercise self efficacy by sex, age, stages of change, and to investigate the relationship of physical activity with exercise imagery, decisional balance and exercise self efficacy. A total of 426 adults (male : 198, female : 228, Mean age = 31.02 years) were voluntarily participated in the study. Korean exercise imagery inventory, decisional balance for exercise scale, exercise self-efficacy scale, and weekly leisure-time exercise questionnaire were used to measure the study's variables. Results indicated that there were significant differences in exercise imagery, decisional balance, exercise self efficacy, and physical activity by sex, age, and the exercise stages. Twenty-three percent of the total study variables accounted for physical activity (R2 = .23) and of the study's variables, appearance-health imagery (B = 23.7) had the strongest effect on physical activity. In addition, the results indicated that exercise self-efficacy, exercise feeling imagery, and exercise cons had a statistically substantial linear relation with physical activity (B = .176, .126, and .119, respectively). The current study implies that the development of better exercise interventions for adults should be aimed at maximizing exercise imagery and self-efficacy and minimizing exercise cons.

고등학생의 신체상 불일치, 신체존중감, 대인관계 스트레스, 사회문화적 태도가 외모 관련 사회적 압박감에 미치는 영향

이은미(Eun Mi Lee),김유정(Yu Jeong Kim) 대한스트레스학회 2017 스트레스硏究 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 고등학생의 신체상 불일치, 신체존중감, 대인관계 스트레스, 사회문화적 태도가 외모 관련사회적 압박감에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 2016년 7월 13일부터 29일까지 충남 C시에 위치한 고등학교 1, 2학년 남학생 129명, 여학생 90명으로 총 219명을 대상으로 구조화된 질문지를 이용하여 자료를 조사하였다. 신체상 불일치가 큰 응답자들은 그렇지 않은 응답자에 비해 대인관계 스트레스(t=2.37, p=.019), 또래로부터 느끼는 압박감(t=2.35, p=.019), 부모로부터 느끼는 압박감(t=3.00, p=.003) 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 신체상 불일치가 높고, 여학생이면서 사회문화적 태도가 민감하고 대인관계 스트레스가 높을수록 외모 관련 사회적 압박감은 높았으며, 모형의 설명력은 30.3%로 나타났다. 고등학생의 신체상 불일치, 사회문화적 기준에 대한 인식에 따라 또래와 부모로부터 느끼는 외모 압박감이 달라지므로, 학생들이 건강한 신체상을 수립할 수 있는 중재 프로그램 개발과 사회문화적 분위기 조성이 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body figure discrepancy, body esteem, interpersonal stress, and sociocultural attitude toward appearance on social pressure related to appearance perceived by high school students. A total of 219 students were recruited from a high school in C city. Data were collected by means of self-reported questionnaires from July 13 to 29, 2016. Students with severe body figure discrepancy had higher interpersonal stress (t=2.37, p=.019), peer pressure (t=2.35, p=.019), and parents pressure (t=3.00, p=.003) than students who did not. The social pressure related to appearance were more sensitive as body figure discrepancy, female students, sociocultural attitude toward appearance, and interpersonal stress were higher, and these factors accounted for 30.3% in social pressure related to appearance. The social pressure by peers and parents changes according to the recognition of high school students" body figure discrepancy and sociocultural attitude toward appearance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intervention program and promote a sociocultural environment so that students can establish a healthy body image.

미용전공 고등학생들의 외모 가꾸기와 신체만족도 -부산미용고등학교 학생들을 중심으로-

강미영 ( Mi Young Kang ),유의경 ( Eui Kyung Yu ) 한국미용학회 2005 한국미용학회지 Vol.11 No.3