국어과 핵심 역량 기반의 주제 중심 통합 단원 개발 방향:

김영부(Kim Young Boo),이경화(Lee Kyeong Hwa) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2015 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.15 No.9

본 연구는 초등학교 저학년 국어 학습자의 학습 특성에 적합한 국어 교과서의 개 발 방향을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 2009 개정 초등학교 국어 교과서의 단원은 목표 중심 단원 구성 방식과 이해-적 용-실천의 단원 전개 방식을 취하고 있다. 이와 같은 단원 구성 방식은 학습자로 하 여금 논리적이고 체계적인 사고를 통해 단원 학습을 하도록 요구한다. 하지만 초등 학교 저학년 학생은 직관적으로 사고한다. 또, 유목화를 능숙하게 할 수 없다. 그리 고 전체를 부분으로 나누어 생각하는 분석적 사고에 서툴다. 그래서 논리적 조작에 의한 체계적 사고를 할 수 없다. 따라서 초등 저학년 학습자에게 적합한 직관적인 단원 구성 방식과 단원 전개 방식이 필요하다. 언어 사용 맥락을 고려한 국어과 핵 심 역량 기반의 주제 중심 통합 단원 구성 방식은 그 대안이 될 수 있다. 국어과 핵심 역량 기반의 주제 중심 통합 단원 개발 방향을 제시하였다. 첫째, 국 어과 핵심 역량을 단원 주제로 기능하게 한다. 둘째, 통합 단원을 다영역적으로 구 성한다. 셋째, 국어과 핵심 역량을 주제로 한 다층 주제 체제로 단원을 구성한다. 넷 째, 상호텍스트성을 반영한 맥락 우선 단원 전개 방식을 따른다. 다섯째, 단원 학습 목표와 차시 학습 목표는 교과서에 제시하지 않고 교사용 지도서에만 명시한다. The purpose of this study is to suggest method to integrated thematic unit based on korean language key competencies, in lower grade korean language textbook. In 2009 revised korean language textbook unit, ‘object-oriented’ and ‘comprehension-application-practice’ approach was adapted. In such unit configuration approach, the learner are required to think logically and systematically, but the lower grade students generally think with intuition, and cannot find essential points with skill. So I suggest 5 methods, to realize Integrated Thematic Unit. First, Korean Language Key Competencies should function with unit theme. Second, Integrated Unit should be composed with multi-area. Third, the unit should composed with multi-layered system theme of korean language key competencies. Forth, Context-First unit unfolding approach should be applied with the reflection of the intertextuality. Fifth, ‘the goal of unit study’, ‘next study goal’ and ‘guidance course’ should be written only on the teacher’s guide book.

백워드 설계 모형을 활용한 고등학교 교육학 단원 개발

박소영 한국수산해양교육학회 2020 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.32 No.5

Abstract This study was attempted to design the “Purpose and Character of Education” unit in the high school 「Education」subject using the backward design 2.0 model. In this study, literature research and development research methods were used. The backward design unit presented as a result of this study has the following characteristics. First, it was designed for 3 weeks (6 hour) to be used in high school pedagogy classes, but it could be operated freely by expanding or reducing the number of hours or range according to the school situation. Second, the possibility of transfer and understanding could be increased by applying concepts such as transfer, code, evaluation criteria, performance tasks, pre-evaluation, and process monitoring in accordance with the components of the backward design 2.0 model. Third, the minimum contents were included in this backward design unit so that the school teachers could approach this unit more friendly. Fourth, the performance tasks presented in this study will be able to be operated by integrating with the units of the 'career and occupation' subject. .

Preservice teachers' Key Developmental Understandings (KDUs) for fraction multiplication

이수진,신재홍 한국학교수학회 2011 韓國學校數學會論文集 Vol.14 No.4

The concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has been developed and expanded to identify essential components of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) by Ball and her colleagues (2008). This study proposes an alternative perspective to view MKT focusing on key developmental understandings (KDUs) that carry through an instructional sequence, that are foundational for learning other ideas. In this study we provide constructive components of KDUs in fraction multiplication by focusing on the constructs of 'three-level-of-units structure' and 'recursive partitioning operation'. Expecially, our participating preservice elementary teacher, Jane, demonstrated that recursive partitioning operations with her length model played a significant role as a KDU in fraction multiplication.

전력선통신을 이용한 팬코일 유닛 제어시스템

유법상(Bub-Sang Ryu),권병열(Byung-Ryul Kwon) 대한설비공학회 2010 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.6

Administrators of public buildings know that creating a network infrastructure in Fan coil unit is not a straight forward task. Rewiring is intrusive for customers and both costly and time consuming to install. PLC of Fan coil unit simplifies the installation process significantly by using the existing electrical wires to create an instant high-speed communication network.

위안화 국제화와 기축통화 논쟁의 전망과 한국의 대응전략

오정근 한국국제금융학회 2011 국제금융연구 Vol.1 No.1

During the last a couple of decade, the Chinese economy has remarkably grown and his foreign exchange reserves have been also enormously accumulated. In addition, the recent global financial crisis has shown some critical drawbacks including Triffin's dilemma inherent in the current international monetary system. Taking these opportunities, China raised the need of a new key currency on the one hand, and has actively pursued internationalization of yuan on the other hand. Chinese yuan, with the help of such policies, is expected to play a substantial role as a currency of payment and settlement in a few years. However, it is, at the moment, expected to be hardto play a role as a another key currency due to Chinese strict regulations on the interest and exchange rates, less developed financial market and restrictions on capital flows. Accordingly, the international monetary system is, in a transition period, expected to develop towards a multi-polar system with a few key currencies including dollar, euro and Asian currencies. These new development of the international monetary system is expected to bring some burdens to the Korean economy, a small open economy, including more exposures to exchange risks and the possible falling into a currency trap resulting from a multi-polar system. Therefore, the Korean economy, in order to minimize the burdens, seems to need to introduce a Asian Currency Unit(ACU) composed of currencies of some intra-regional countries who meet the convergence criteria, and dollar and euro on the one hand, and to reconsider the current exchange rate and capital flow regulation policies and to open the won-yuan foreign exchange market on the other hand. 지난 20여 년간의 고도성장과 막대한 외환보유액 축적 등으로 중국경제의 위상이 높아진 가운데 2008년 글로벌금융위기 과정에서 트리핀의 딜레마가 발생하는 등 현행 국제금융체제의 문제점이 노정된 것을 계기로 중국은 한편으로는 초국적준비통화도입 등 새로운 기축통화 필요성을 주장하는 동시에 다른 한편으로는 위안화 통화스왑체결, 무역결제통화추진, 채권시장육성 등 위안화의 국제화에 박차를 가하고 있다. 이에 힘입어 위안화는 수년 내에 결제통화로서의 역할이 크게 신장될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 그러나 여전한 금리와 환율 규제, 금융시장 미발달, 자본거래 제약 등으로 태환성과 안정성이 보장되지 않음으로써 위안화가 기축통화로서 기능하기에는 아직은 시기상조인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 앞으로 당분간 국제금융체제는 달러 유로 그리고 위안화를 중심으로 한 아시아통화로 구성되는 과도기적인 다극체제가 될 가능성이 높아 보인다. 이와 같은 위안화 국제화와 다극 국제금융체제의 등장은 한국경제에게 환위험 증가, 대외가격경제력 약화 등 새로운 부담을 초래할 가능성이 크다. 특히 통화환율정책 운영상의 제약이 증대되는 등 통화함정에 빠질 우려도 없지 않다. 이러한 문제를 최소화하는 방안으로 경제수렴조건을 충족하는 아시아역내 국가 통화와 달러 유로를 가중평균한 아시아통화단위 도입을 한중일 등 역내 주요국가와 공조하여 추진하는 동시에 환율 외환 자본거래 정책도 거시건전성 확보 차원에서 전향적으로 재검토하고 원-위안 외환시장을 개설하는 등 대책마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

A New Segmentation-based Animation Storage Format On Mobile Platform

Lin Feng,Ziqiang Diao,Yu Cai,Yunzhe Sun 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-

Handheld computers such as mobile phone are becoming new platform for gaming. However, the limited memory is the main bottleneck that affects the game development. A new segmentation-based animation storage format is proposed to partly solve such problem. The key unit is extracted from segmented image and then can be reused in different key frames so that the size of the animation file can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, a convenient interface for data manipulation is also proposed, which can improve efficiency during development.

슈만의 「크라이슬래리아나」 Op.16에서의 순환적 형식 구조에 관한 연구

배재희 ( Jaehee Bae ) 한양대학교 음악연구소 2004 音樂論壇 Vol.18 No.-

Robert Schumann composed nearly all of his significant piano works in the decade from approximately 1829 to 1839. The majority of these exemplify traditional formal types, including three sonatas, three sets of variations, two sets of etudes, several independent pieces, and a number of collection of pieces. However, several of Schumann’s most well-known works from this period, the so-called "piano cycles," have no real precedent among works by earlier composers. In researching the literature on cycles, I have found no detailed analytic approaches focusing on Schumann’s formal organization in his cycles. Music historians and theorists often dismiss the importance of formal consideration in Schumann’s cycles and postulate that Schumann instinctively juxtaposed individual pieces to form a collection without much coherent organization. I, however, suggest that Schumann's cycles result from preconceived plans that govern overall tonal structure and control the formation of details, relating them to a larger context. I also suggest that Schumann's piano cycles can be divided into three types: 1. Works such as Camaual, Op. 9, in which many brief pieces are linked by a large-scale coherent key scheme, recurring motives, and referential tonalities. 2. Compositions like Kreisleriana, Op. 16, in which the individual movements are lengthier than in those of the first type, and for the most part display conventional forms. This type of cycle consists of fewer movements, and often suggests a conventional multi-movement arrangement such as might be found in a sonata. 3. The third type contains only three works: the Arabeske, Blumenstuck, and Humoreske. This third type is a hybrid of the first and second types; there are fewer numbers of movements, as in type 2; but these movements are relatively shorter, as in type 1. The third type, furthermore, has other special features; these cycles are thematically unified throughout and in some respects suggest a long single movement with well-defined sections (for example, a Rondo). With these two suggestions, the third part of my study investigates how unity is supported on multiple levels in Schumann’s Kreisleriana. My methodology involves the following procedures: 1. Aspects of harmonic features: Important harmonic events and keys of upcoming movements are prepared and anticipated in preceding movements. And the presence of many harmonically open structures facilitates the establishment of strong local connections between sections and movement of Kreisleriana. 2. Principles of formal design including the relationships between the form of individual movements and the cyclic role within cycle.

2015 개정 중학교 「역사」교육과정의 구성 체계 및 현장검토본의 내용 분석 - 고려 시대를 중심으로 -

신소연 ( Shin So-yeoun ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2017 역사학연구 Vol.65 No.-

본고는 최근 고시된 2015 개정 교육과정의 특징을 살펴보고 나아가 새로운 교육과정의 목표 및 형식과 내용의 변화가 중학교 「역사」 교과에 실제 구현된 양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 교육과정 개정의 중요한 목표는 교육내용의 실질적인 변화와 발전인 만큼 역사교육과정의 개정으로 교과의 내용이 변화하였는가를 알아보기 위함이다. 2015 개정 중학교 「역사」교육과정은 핵심역량의 함양을 새로운 목표로 설정하고, 내용면에서는 한국사와 세계사의 완전 융합을, 형식면에서는 주제별로 단원을 구성한 것이 중요한 변화이다. 계열성의 구현 및 세계사 교육의 정상화와 학습량 감축을 의도한 것이다. 그렇지만 개정 교육과정의 특징과 체계를 분석하여 개정 「역사」교육과정과 현장검토본 「역사」의 고려시대 단원에 적용해본 결과 학습내용의 실질적인 변화는 가져오지 못하였다. 교육과정 총론 차원의 변화와 달리 가장 중요하게 다루어져야 할 교과내용의 변화는 없었던 것이다. 이는 기왕에 지적되어 온 바와 같이 교육과정의 개정이 국가 주도의 총론중심 체제에 따라 하향식으로 이루어졌기 때문이다. 핵심역량은 수용 과정에서 역사교육 관계자들의 합의를 이끌어내지 못하였으며, 모호한 개념으로는 교육의 방향성을 제시할 수 없었다. 교육 현장에서 가장 중요한 것은 교과의 내용이다. 발전된 역사교육을 위해서는 교과내용에 대한 연구를 토대로 실질적인 변화를 가져올 수 있는 체계를 만들어 나가는 노력이 필요할 것이다. This study examined the main characteristics of the 2015 Revised Middle School History Curriculum and how it has been reflected in the contents of the Korean History textbook. The main components of the 2015 Revised Middle School History Curriculum are the establishment of the Key Competencies, a method of thematic unit organization, an integrated content between Korean history and the world history. The History curriculum pursued appropriateness of the practical textbook content and understanding of the historical context. However, the general guideline of the National Curriculum in Korea pushed ahead with a revision in accordance with the educational reform of advanced countries, but the most important learning content did not change. The reason for this is that the revision of the curriculum was utilising the top-down approach with the system based on the overall description of the National Education Curriculum. The most important aspect is the learning content in the education setting. In developing history education, the study of the learning content is more advanced and requires a bottom-up revision of the curriculum system in order for the learning content to be altered and improved.

Revisiting China’s Use of Force in Asia: Dynamic, Level and Beyond

Sun Xuefeng and Huang Yuxing,Huang Yuxing 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2012 Pacific Focus Vol.27 No.3

Abstract: In the context of China’s rapid rise, scholars still debate heatedly and always make contrasted predictions on China’s use of force. This article seeks to identify the determining factors of a rising China’s use of force and its varying levels. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China’s use of force has been shaped by its high external vulnerabilities. They consist of two major security concerns: the homeland encirclement by superpowers and the increasing support from the outside to domestic splitting factions. Consistency in China’s use of force can be explained by the legitimacy of the party involved and the regional power position in East Asia. The level of the use of force has been determined by China’s relative capability to its adversaries. Specifically, China will use high levels of force, such as wars or lengthy conflicts, if it enjoys the favorable relative capability. On the contrary, China will use low levels of force, such as blockade, artillery attacks and very short combats, if the opposite is true. Based on these findings and current regional trends in East Asia, the authors are optimistic about China’s non-use of force in Taiwan and territorial or maritime disputes in East Asia over the next decade.

Infrastructure based Authentication in VANETs

Brijesh Kumar Chaurasia,Shekhar Verma 보안공학연구지원센터 2011 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.6 No.2