Kinesin Superfamily-associated Protein 3 (KAP3) Mediates the Interaction between Kinesin-II Motor Subunits and HS-1-associated Protein X-1 (HAX-1) through Direct Binding

Won Hee Jang(장원희),Dae-Hyun Seog(석대현) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.8

Kinesin-II는 다양한 운반체들을 미세소관을 따라 운반하는 motor 단백질의 하나이다. Kinesin-II는 두 개의 motor 단백질 KIF3A와 KIF3B, 그리고 motor 단백질의 말단에 결합하는 kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3)로 구성되어 있다. KAP3는 Kinesin-II의 기능에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 명확한 기능은 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 KAP3와 결합하는 단백질을 분리하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid system을 사용하여 탐색한 결과 HS-1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1)을 분리하였다. KAP3은 HAX-1의 C-말단 부위와 결합하며, HAX-1은 KAP3의 C-말단부위와 결합함을 효모 two-hybrid assay로 확인하였다. 그러나, HAX-1는 KIF3A, KIF3B, KIF5B, 그리고 kinesin light chain (KLC)과는 결합하지 않았다. KAP3와 HAX-1의 단백질 결합은 glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay와 공동면역침강으로 추가 확인하였다. 생쥐의 뇌 파쇄액을 HAX-1 항체와 KIF3A 항체로 면역침강을 행한 결과 Kinesin-II의 구성단백질인 KIF3B와 KAP3가 같이 침강하였다. 이러한 결과들은 KAP3가 Kinesin-II와 HAX-1의 결합을 매개한다는 것을 시사한다. Kinesin-II, a molecular motor, consists of two different motor subunits, KIF3A and KIF3B, and one large kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3), forming a heterotrimeric complex. KAP3 is associated with the tail domains of motor subunits. However, its exact role remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated KAP3 binding to the carboxyl (C)-terminal tail region of HS-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1). HAX-1 bound to the C-terminal region of KAP3, but not to KIFs (KIF3A, KIF3B, and KIF5B) and the kinesin light chain (KLC) in the yeast two-hybrid assays. The interaction was further confirmed in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay and by co-immunoprecipitation. Anti- HAX-1 antibody as well as anti-KIF3A antibody co-immunoprecipitated KIF3B and KAP3 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that KAP3 could mediate the interaction between Kinesin-II and HAX-1.

Analysis of KAP1 expression patterns and human endogenous retrovirus Env proteins in ovarian cancer

Kyung‑Yoon Jeon,Eun‑Ji Ko,Young Lim Oh,Hongbae Kim,Wan Kyu Eo,김아리,Han Gyu Sun,Meesun Ock,Ki Hyung Kim,Hee‑Jae Cha 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute around 8% of the human genome and have important roles in human health and disease, including cancers. Previous studies showed that HERV envelope (Env) proteins are highly expressed in cancer tissues and co-related with cancer progression. KAP1 has been reported to play a key role in regulating retrotransposons, including HERV-K, through epigenetic silencing. Objective The relationship between KAP-1 and HERV Envs expressions was analyzed only in tumor cell lines and has not yet been studied in cancer tissues. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns and relationship between KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues. Method The expression patterns of KAP-1 and HERV Env proteins, including HERV-K and HERV-R, were analyzed in ovarian cancer tissue microarrays that contained 80 surgical specimens, including normal ovary and malignant ovarian cancers. Results The expression of HERV-R Env and KAP1 proteins is signifcantly higher in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovary tissues. However, the expression of HERV-K Env did not change signifcantly in cancer tissues. The expression patterns of HERV-K Env and HERV-R Env signifcantly increased in early stages of cancer and KAP1 expression was higher in certain stage and types of cancers. However, the expression of HERV-K Env, HERV-R Env, and KAP1 did not change in diferent age groups. The correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV-Env, including HERV-K and HERV-R, was not signifcantly correlated. Conclusions The results of this study showed that there was no signifcant correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues, unlike studies with cell lines in vitro. These results suggest that the actual expression of HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues may be regulated through various complex factors as well as KAP1.

Study on the Regulation of KAP3 Gene Involved in the Brain Sexual Differentiation by DDT during the Critical Period of Fetal and Neonatal Age

강한승,전부일,최은정,이병주,이채관,강성구 한국발생생물학회 2000 발생과 생식 Vol.4 No.1

환경에 방출되어 있는 많은 내분비교란물질들은 사람과 동물의 내분비계에 교란을 일으킬 수 있는 잠재력을 가진다. 뇌의 성분화는 생식소 호르몬 영향하에 비가역적으로 진행되며 흰쥐의 경우 이 시기는 임신말기에서 생후 7∼10일 가량이다. 최근에 본 연구진은 횐쥐의 뇌 성 분화의 결정적인 시기에 발현되는 KAP3유전자를 클로닝하였다 (Choi & Lee, 1999). KAP3의 기능은 신경세포를 포함한 세포에서 aronal tansport를 조절하는 것으로 알 A large number of man-made chemicals that have been released into the environment have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system of animals and humans. There is a critical developmental period during which sexual brain differentiation proceeds irreversibly under the influence of gonadal hormone. Recently we identified KAP3 gene expressed during the critical period of rat brain sexual differentiation. KAP3 functions as a microtubule-based motor that transports membranous organelles anterogradely in cells, including neurons. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of endocrine disrupter, Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), on the KAP3 gene expression during critical period of rat brain development. Maternal exposure to DDT increased the level of KAP3 mRNA in male and female fetus brains when examined on the gestational day 17 (GDl7). In postnatal day 6, DDT suppressed the expression of KAP3 gene in male and female rat brain. Also, the body weight and fertilization rate were decreased in the DDT exposured rats. These results showed that endocrine disrupter, DDT, can affect the transcriptional level of brain sexual differentiation related gene, KAP3, in the prenatal and the neonatal rat brain and that maternal exposure to endocrine disruptors may lead to a toxic response in embryonic differentiation of brain. And so KAP3 gene may be used a gene maker to analyse the molecular mechanism for toxic response in animal nerve tissues exposed to endocrine disruptors.

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of a novel Keratin-associated protein 11.1 gene in the Liaoning cashmere goat (Capra hircus)

Mei Jin,Qian Cao,Ruilong Wang,Jun Piao,Fengqin Zhao,Jingai Piao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.3

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between the KAP11.1 and the regulation wool fineness. Methods: In previous work, we constructed a skin cDNA library and isolated a full-length cDNA clone termed KAP11.1. On this basis, we conducted a series of bioinformatics analysis. Tissue distribution of KAP11.1 mRNA was performed using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The expression of KAP11.1 mRNA in primary and secondary hair follicles was performed using real-time PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) analysis. The expression location of KAP11.1 mRNA in primary and secondary hair follicles was performed using in situ hybridization. Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that KAP11.1 gene encodes a putative 158 amino acid protein that exhibited a high content of cysteine, serine, threonine, and valine and has a pubertal mammary gland) structural domain. Secondary structure prediction revealed a high proportion of random coils (76.73%). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that KAP11.1 gene was expressed in heart, skin, and liver, but not expressed in spleen, lung and kidney. Real time PCR results showed that the expression of KAP11.1 has a higher expression in catagen than in anagen in the primary hair follicles. However, in the secondary hair follicles, KAP11.1 has a significantly higher expression in anagen than in catagen. Moreover, KAP11.1 gene has a strong expression in inner root sheath, hair matrix, and a lower expression in hair bulb. Conclusion: We conclude that KAP11.1 gene may play an important role in regulating the fiber diameter.

KAP(Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) 실과교육을 통한 실천지향형 태도 기르기

김철 한국미래교육학회 2013 미래교육연구 Vol.3 No.3

KAP(Knowledge, Attitude, Practice)이론은 노작활동 중심의 실과 교육에 적합한 교육이론이다. 본 연구는 KAP이론을 적용한 실과 교육을 통해 일과 노작활동에 대한 바람직한 가치관을 길러주고 실천지향적인 태도 변화를 이끌어 내는데 목적이 있다. 학생들의 노작활동이 주를 이루는 실과 교육은 학생이 해결하고자 하는 문제와 그 문제를 해결하기 위한 과정을 먼저 알아야 하고(Knowledge), 알고 있는 지식을 바탕으로 문제를 해결하고자 하는 긍정적인 생각을 가진 다음(Attitude), 행동으로 옮겨 직접 실천해 보는(Practice) 과정을 거쳐야 학습의 성과가 높아진다. KAP이론을 적용한 실과 교육을 위해 5학년 실과 학습내용을 K(Knowledge)영역, A(Attitude)영역, P(Practice) 영역으로 나누어 연간 지도 계획을 수립하였다. 또한 KAP 실과교육의 효과를 높이기 위해 2시간 단위의 블록타임제 운영, 실과실 정비, 학습준비물 예산 확보 등의 선행 작업을 거쳐 총 68차시의 프로그램을 운영하였다. KAP 실과교육 프로그램을 통해 학생들은 실습활동을 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 정확한 지식이 필요하다는 사실을 깨닫고 필요한 지식의 습득에 적극성을 띠게 되었다. 또한 노작활동에 대한 참여율, 작업수행 능력 등이 크게 향상되었으며 일에 대한 태도, 성별에 따른 직업관 등에서 모두 바람직한 태도 변화를 보였다. KAP is the appropriate theory for the laborious work-centered home economics education. The purpose of this study is to develop students' desirable values about laborious work and to make them get a practice- oriented attitude.To develop students' achievement, first they have to acquire the knowledge about task and the course of problem-solving, second to get the positive attitude to solve the problem based on the knowledge, third to practice it. I made a yearly lesson plan to devide the 5th home economics curriculum in three domain Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice . Also, to develop the efficiency of KAP home economics education, I managed 68 periods program which is consisted of 2-periods block time system, improving home economics classroom, and securing learning supplies budget. Through this KAP, students realized that they need exact knowledge to perform laborious work successfully. and they try to get necessary knowledge. Also they develop laborious perform ability and participated in laborious work positively. And they showed desirable attitude change about laborious work and job distinction by gender.

17세기 후반 『남해현용동궁양안』을 통해서 본 갑술양안의 성격

오인택(Oh, In-Taek) 부산경남사학회 2011 역사와 경계 Vol.81 No.-

현재 남아있는 조선후기 양안은 대부분 1720년에 작성된 경자양안과 그 이후의 양안이다. 이 때문에 1624년에 작성된 갑술양안의 성격은 연구하기 어려웠다. 이러한 상황에서 갑술양안을 바탕으로 하여 1681년에 내수사가 작성한 『남해현용동궁양안』은 중요한 자료이다. 간접적으로 갑술양안의 성격을 파악할 수 있기 때문이다. 1681년의 양안과 경자양안을 비교하여 알게 된 갑술양안의 특징은 두 가지였다. 하나는 갑술양안이 員이라는 지역 단위로 각 필지의 지번을 결정하고, 5결 단위로 1개의 자호를 부여하였다는 점이다. 이 점은 경자양안이 천자문의 자호 단위로 각 필지의 지번을 결정한 것과 다르다. 이 점은 갑술양안이 경자양안보다 훨씬 비효율적인 체계였음을 말한다. 또 하나의 갑술양안 특징은 소유주를 기재하는 기주난에 時作으로 불리는 경작인 이름을 기재하였다는 점이다. 경자양안의 기주난에는 소유주와 경작인을 명확히 구별하여 기재하였다. 이러한 차이점이 발생한 이유는 時作이 단순한 경작인이 아니라 개간을 통하여 경작권을 가졌기 때문이다. 갑술양안에서 실제의 소유자였던 정부기관은 자신 대신에 경작권자를 등록하였던 것이다. 반면 경자양안 에서는 정부기관이 자신을 소유주로 등록하고 별도로 時作을 표기하였다. 이러한 현상이 나타난 이유는 토지소유권 분쟁의 증가에서 찾을 수 있다. 즉 갑술양안이 작성된 이후에 토지소유권 분쟁에서 갑술양안의 기주난에 등록된 이름을 소유권 주장의 근거로 사용하였기 때문이었다. Most of the remaining land register in the late Joseon Dynasty Land Register are Kyung-Cha land register in 1720 and the rest of land register are composed after 1720. For this reason, it was difficult to research the character of Kap-Sul(1624) Land Register In this situation, Namhae-Hyun(Prefecture) Yongdong-Kung(Palace) land register composed by Naesusa on the basis of Kap-Sul land register in 1681 is a important material. For it is possible to research the character of Kap-Sul land register at second hand. The Character of Kap-Sul land register is twofold in comparison with land register of 1681 and Kyung-Cha land register. First Kap-Sul land register determined a land lot number in Won(員), local unit, and assigned a Chinese letter (字號) per Kyul(結). This is different in that Kyung-Cha land register determined land lot numbers in Chinese letter. This means that Kap-Sul land register was more inefficient than Kyung-Cha land register. Another character of Kap-Sul land register is that it registered tenant farmer"s name referred as Sijak(時作) at Kiju"s(起主) item. Land owner"s name and tenant farmer"s name were registered at Kyung-Cha land register"s Kiju"s(起主) item. This difference appeard for Sijak(時作) was not only a tenant farmer but also a reclaimer of farmland. Government agency as real owner registered reclaimer"s name instead of itself at Kap-Sul land register, while government agency registed its name as real owner and also registered Sijak(時作)"s name at Kyung-Cha land register. This situation was due to the increase of disputes about land ownership. In other words name registered in Kiju"s item at Kap-Sul land register was used as evidence of landownership after Kap-Sul land register was made.

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Expression of KAP3 Gene Involved in the 'Critical Period' of Rat Brain Sexual Differentiation

Lee, Chae-Kwan,Kang, Han-Seung,June, Bu-ll,Lee, Byung-Ju,Moon, Deog-Hwan,Kang, Sung-Goo The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2001 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.5 No.4

There is a critical developmental period during which brain sexual differentiation proceeds irreversibly under the influence of gonadal hormone. Recently, kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3) gene expressed during the 'critical period' of rat brain differentiation was identified by us (Choi and Lee, 1999). KAP3 functions as a microtubule-based motor that transports membranous organelles anterogradely in cells, including neurons (Yamazaki et al., 1996). mRNA level of KAP3 gene markedly increased before the initiation of puberty. Neonatal treatment of estrogen clearly inhibited the prepubertal increase in KAP3 mRNA level (Choi and Lee, 1999). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as endocrine disruptors (EDs) on the expression of KAP3 gene during the 'critical period' of rat brain development. In our data, PCBs significantly decreased the expression of KAP3 gene in the fetal (day 17) and the neonatal (day 6 after birth in) male and female rat brains. The body weight and the breeding ability were significantly decreased in the PCBs-exposed rats compared with the control. These results showed that PCBs affect the transcriptional level of brain sexual differentiation related gene, KAP3, in the fetal and the neonatal rat brains. The maternal exposure to the PCBs may lead to toxic response in embryonic brain sexual differentiation and breeding ability after sexual maturation. This study indicates that KAP3 gene may be useful as a gene marker to analyze the molecular mechanism of toxic response in the animal brain development and sexual maturation exposed to PCBs.

A KAP1 phosphorylation switch controls MyoD function during skeletal muscle differentiation

Singh, Kulwant,Cassano, Marco,Planet, Evarist,Sebastian, Soji,Jang, Suk Min,Sohi, Gurjeev,Faralli, Hervé,Choi, Jinmi,Youn, Hong-Duk,Dilworth, F. Jeffrey,Trono, Didier Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2015 Genes & development Vol.29 No.5

<P>The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Singh et al. identify KAP1/TRIM28 as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1, with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors.</P><P>The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Often in partnership with Mef2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2), MyoD binds to the promoters of hundreds of muscle genes in proliferating myoblasts yet activates these targets only upon receiving cues that launch differentiation. What regulates this off/on switch of MyoD function has been incompletely understood, although it is known to reflect the action of chromatin modifiers. Here, we identify KAP1 (KRAB [Kréééüppel-like associated box]-associated protein 1)/TRIM28 (tripartite motif protein 28) as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1), with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors. Thus, our results reveal KAP1 as a previously unappreciated interpreter of cell signaling, which modulates the ability of MyoD to drive myogenesis.</P>

학문 목적을 위한 한국어교육에서 ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기(dictogloss)’ 적용 방안 연구

김인규 한국국어교육학회 2009 새국어교육 Vol.0 No.82

The purpose of this study is to examine the various application of Korean for Academic Purposes(KAP) studies and authentic practical education programs. For this purpose, in this study, a technique used in focus on form, which is closely related to KAP syllabus, is introduced. This technique is ‘dictogloss’ which consists of listening, dictation, and discussion activities. Through ‘dictogloss’, students are able to learn necessary language forms by focusing on meaning. ‘Dictogloss’ can be applied to some areas in KAP as shown below. Considering that the texts used in ‘dictogloss’ contains specific grammar forms, students can be effectively exposed to their major when these texts include grammar forms, structures, and vocabularies that are related to the texts which students will learn at university. In this study, some guidelines are suggested to make texts suited for this purpose, and the procedure for ‘dictogloss’ are also presented for authentic class settings. In order to use these procedure in the Korean language education for Korean for Academic Purposes, authentic lesson plans, by using adapted high school textbooks, are also presented. In addition, in order to reinforce studies after ‘dictogloss’, listening and speaking activities are added, which goes a step further from conventional ‘dictogloss’. This study is expected to provide a new insight on the technique of ‘dictogloss’ which can be applied to improve listening and grammar skills in the Korean language education for KAP. 본고는 학문 목적을 위한 한국어(Korean for Academic Purposes; 이하 KAP)를 위한 연구로서 KAP 연구 과제의 다양성과 실제적인 교육 방안을 모색한다는 측면에서 출발한다. 이를 위해 KAP의 교수요목과 밀접한 의미 중심 형태 교수법(Focus on Form)의 기법을 도입하였다. 이 기법은 듣기와 문법 받아쓰기 형태인 ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기(dictogloss)’이다. ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기’를 통하여 학생들은 의미에 초점을 두면서 필요한 언어 형태를 학습할 수 있게 된다. ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기’가 학문 목적을 위한 한국어교육에 공헌할 수 있는 바는 다음과 같다. ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기’에서 다루는 텍스트에는 특정한 문법 형태 등을 담게 되는데 이때 학습자들이 대학에서 배울 전공 관련 텍스트의 특징과 밀접한 문법 형태, 구조, 어휘 등을 가지고 텍스트를 만들면 학습자는 자신의 전공에 효과적으로 노출될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이런 텍스를 구성하기 위한 요건을 제시하였고 ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기’ 절차를 실제 교실에서 적용할 수 있도록 했다. 그리고 이를 학문 목적을 위한 한국어에 사용할 수 있도록 고등학교 교과서를 개작하여 실제 수업 지도안을 제시해 보았다. 또한 기존의 ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기’ 기법에서 더 나아가 듣기와 말하기 활동을 통해 ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기’ 후의 학습을 강화할 수 있도록 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 향후 ‘듣고 받아 적어 재구성하기’ 기법이 실제 학문 목적을 위한 한국어교육 분야에서 듣기와 문법의 두 영역을 발달시켜 줄 수 있는 새로운 시도로 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

학문 목적 한국어교육을 위한 문화적 문식성 연구

유현정 ( Ryu Hyun-jung ) 한국어문교육연구회 2018 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.46 No.3

KGP와 차별된 과정으로서의 KAP에서는 대학(원)에서의 학업 수행에 요구되는 한국어능력을 갖추게 하는 데 초점을 두어 왔으며, 이를 ‘학술적 문식성’으로 정의하고 있다. 본고에서는 KAP 학습자가 갖추어야 할 문화 능력을 ‘문화적 문식성’으로 재개념화 하고, 문화적 문식성의 하위 요소를 1) 학문적 배경지식으로서의 문화 지식, 2) 상호문화적 관점의 문화 인식, 3) 담화 맥락에 맞는 한국어 표현 능력, 4) 매체활용 능력 등의 네 가지 요소로 구분하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국어교육 전반에서 ‘의사소통 능력’ 중심으로 논의되었던 문화교육 목표를 ‘지식’ 중심으로 전환하고, KAP 학습자를 위한 문화적 문식성의 개념을 구체적으로 정의, 제시하였다는 데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to re-conceptualize the ‘cultural literacy’ as a part of the ‘academic literacy’ for KAP(Korean for Academic Purposes) learners. This study tries to examine and analyze the results of various studies and theories about KAP education and Korean cultural education and classifies the factors of cultural literacy as 1) the cultural knowledge as the academic background knowledge, 2) the intercultural point of view, 3) the expressive ability in accordance with a discourse situation and 4) media utilization. The result of this study is expected to provide informations on anticipated future studies in Korean language education and cultural education for academic purpose for the international undergraduate students. Another expectation is that there will be many other studies in Korean cultural education for academic purpose as how to improve the ‘academic literacy’ and ‘cultural literacy’.