Diblock copolymer worms stabilized pH-responsive Pickering emulsions: An efficient and recyclable platform for Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction

Zhe Xiang,Xi Zhao,Guoxiang Wang,Chenze Qi,Sujing Zhou,Jinjing Li,Yong Gao 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.117 No.-

Pickering emulsions were promising platforms for the heterogeneous reactions due to both their largeinterfacial areas and high stability, whereas both the product separation and the emulsifier recoveryvia simple and efficient strategies for remain a concern. In this study, we constructed an efficient andrecyclable platform for interfacial catalytic reaction adopting pH-responsive n-decane-in-waterPickering emulsions. Pickering emulsions were prepared employing core cross-linked PEO45-PGMA74(CCE45G74) diblock copolymer worms as Pickering emulsifiers. CCE45G74 diblock copolymer worms wereprepared via the combination of photo-initiated polymerization induced self-assembly strategy and thecore covalent cross-linking with ethylenediamine. The prepared n-decane-in-water Pickering emulsionsshowed a high stability during the storage at the room temperature, whereas a rapid demulsification tookplace at a lower pH, such as 2.5. Alkali-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions between benzaldehydeand acetone were conducted in n-decane-in-water Pickering emulsions at 30 C. The yield ofdibenzylidene acetone could reach 99% after 12 h of reaction. The reaction efficiency was far higher thanthat at the plain n-decane-water (30%). This catalytic platform could be repeatedly used for three cycles

Descent of mesonephric duct to the final position of the vas deferens in human embryo and fetus

Zhe Wu Jin,Hiroshi Abe,Nobuyuki Hinata,Xiang Wu Li,Gen Murakami,José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.4

Because the ureter arises from the mesonephric or Wolffian duct (WD), the WD opening should migrate inferiorly along the urogenital sinus or future urethra. However, this process of descent has not been evaluated morphometrically in previous studies and we know little about intermediate morphologies for the descent. In the present work, serial sagittal sections of 15 specimens at gestational age 6-12 weeks and serial horizontal sections of 20 specimens at 6-10 weeks were analyzed. Monitoring of horizontal sections showed that, until 9 weeks, a heart-, lozenge- or oval-shape of the initial urogenital sinus remained in the bladder and urethra. Thus, the future bladder and urethra could not be distinguished by the transverse section or plane. The maximum width of the urogenital sinus or bladder at 6-10 weeks was 0.8 mm, although its superoinferior length reached 5 mm at 10 weeks. During earlier stages, however, the medial shift of the WD was rather evident. Depending on the extent of upward growth of the bladder smooth muscle, the descent of the vas deferens became evident at 10-12 weeks. Development of the urethral rhabdosphincter likely resulted in the differentiation of urogenital sinus into the urethra and bladder before formation of the bladder neck with 3-layered smooth muscles. Development of the prostate followed these morphological changes, later accelerating the further descent of the WD opening. Because of their close topographical relationships, slight anomalies or accidents of the umbilical cord at 10-12 weeks may have a significant effect on normal anatomy.

Perineal raphe with special reference to its extension to the anus

Zhe Wu Jin,Yu Jin,Xiang Wu Li,Gen Murakami,José,Francisco Rodrí,guez-Vá,zquez,Joerg Wilting 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.2

The raphe of the human penis and scrotum is considered to develop secondarily after disappearance of the initial midline seam by fusion of the bilateral genital folds. However, the fetal development was still obscure. We examined histological sections of 30 fetuses (17 males and 13 females) at 10–15 weeks. In male fetuses, the scrotum was not yet clearly identified because of no descent of testis. The perineal raphe was thin and wavy at 10 weeks, and it was continuous with and took a direction same as the inferior wall of the closed penile urethra after physiological hypospadias. Depending on growth of the bulbospongiosus muscle and corpus spongiosus penis, the midline intermuscular septum obtained a connection to the subcutaneous wavy raphe and made the latter thick and straight at 12–15 weeks. Notably, the perineal raphe extended posteriorly to attach to the external anal sphincter. In female fetuses, an epithelial fusion occurred along a short distance at the posterior end of the vestibule. However, in front of the external anal sphincter, a large midline mesenchymal tissue from the urorectal septum did not contain a raphe-like structure. Moreover, since the bilateral bulbospongiosus muscles were separated widely by the vestibule, they did not provide a midline septum. Fetal development of the perineal raphe was accelerated by reinforcement from the muscular septum. In contrast, without such a muscular support, the female raphe could not maintain its growth even if the seed appeared at the posterior end of the vestibule.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of long noncoding RNAs in longissimus muscle tissue from Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle

Yan, Xiang-Min,Zhang, Zhe,Liu, Jian-Bo,Li, Na,Yang, Guang-Wei,Luo, Dan,Zhang, Yang,Yuan, Bao,Jiang, Hao,Zhang, Jia-Bao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.11

Objective: In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in many species, and some of them have been shown to play important roles in muscle development and myogenesis. However, the differences in lncRNAs between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle remain undefined; therefore, we aimed to confirm whether lncRNAs are differentially expressed in the longissimus dorsi between these two types of cattle and whether differentially expressed lncRNAs regulate muscle differentiation. Methods: We used RNA-seq technology to identify lncRNAs in longissimus muscles from these cattle. The expression of lncRNAs were analyzed using StringTie (1.3.1) in terms of the fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads values of the encoding genes. The differential expression of the transcripts in the two samples were analyzed using the DESeq R software package. The resulting false discovery rate was controlled by the Benjamini and Hochberg's approach. KOBAS software was utilized to measure the expression of different genes in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. We randomly selected eight lncRNA genes and validated them by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: We found that 182 lncRNA transcripts, including 102 upregulated and 80 downregulated transcripts, were differentially expressed between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the sequencing results. Enrichment analysis and functional annotation of the target genes revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt signaling pathways. We also constructed a lncRNA/mRNA coexpression network for the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into cattle muscle-associated lncRNAs and will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying muscle growth and development in cattle.

Sentiment analysis and product personalization - An emotional design approach to AI technology

Yu-Zhe Qi,Kie-Su Kim,Hong-Yan Ren,Xu Sun,Jiang-Yue Han,Xiang Zhang 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2023 No.12

NOX4/Src regulates ANP secretion through activating ERK1/2 and Akt/GATA4 signaling in beating rat hypoxic atria

Wu, Cheng-zhe,Li, Xiang,Hong, Lan,Han, Zhuo-na,Liu, Ying,Wei, Cheng-xi,Cui, Xun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2021 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.25 No.2

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs) are the major enzymatic source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 and NOX4 are expressed in the heart but its role in hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. This study investigated the effect of NOX on ANP secretion induced by hypoxia in isolated beating rat atria. The results showed that hypoxia significantly upregulated NOX4 but not NOX2 expression, which was completely abolished by endothelin-1 (ET-1) type A and B receptor antagonists BQ123 (0.3 μM) and BQ788 (0.3 μM). ET-1-upregulated NOX4 expression was also blocked by antagonists of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2; varespladib, 5.0 μM) and cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2; CAY10650, 120.0 nM), and ET-1-induced cPLA2 expression was inhibited by varespladib under normoxia. Moreover, hypoxia-increased ANP secretion was evidently attenuated by the NOX4 antagonist GLX351322 (35.0 μM) and inhibitor of ROS N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (NAC, 15.0 mM), and hypoxia-increased production of ROS was blocked by GLX351322. In addition, hypoxia markedly upregulated Src expression, which was blocked by ET receptors, NOX4, and ROS antagonists. ET-1-increased Src expression was also inhibited by NAC under normoxia. Furthermore, hypoxia-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) were completely abolished by Src inhibitor 1 (1.0 μM), and hypoxia-increased GATA4 was inhibited by the ERK1/2 and Akt antagonists PD98059 (10.0 μM) and LY294002 (10.0 μM), respectively. However, hypoxia-induced ANP secretion was substantially inhibited by Src inhibitor. These results indicate that NOX4/Src modulated by ET-1 regulates ANP secretion by activating ERK1/2 and Akt/GATA4 signaling in isolated beating rat hypoxic atria.

Role of peripheral vestibular receptors in the control of blood pressure following hypotension

Guang-Shi Jin,Xiang-Lan Li,Yuan-Zhe Jin,김민선,박병림 대한약리학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.4

Hypotension is one of the potential causes of dizziness. In this review, we summarize the studies published in recent years about the electrophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms of hypotension-induced dizziness and the role of the vestibular system in the control of blood pressure in response to hypotension. It is postulated that ischemic excitation of the peripheral vestibular hair cells as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the inner ear following hypotension leads to excitation of the central vestibular nuclei, which in turn may produce dizziness after hypotension. In addition, excitation of the vestibular nuclei following hypotension elicits the vestibulosympathetic reflex, and the reflex then regulates blood pressure by a dualcontrol (neurogenic and humoral control) mechanism. In fact, recent studies have shown that peripheral vestibular receptors play a role in the control of blood pressure through neural reflex pathways. This review illustrates the dual-control mechanism of peripheral vestibular receptors in the regulation of blood pressure following hypotension.

The Synergistic Effect of Organic Phosphorous/α-Zirconium Phosphate on Flame-Retardant Poly(lactic acid) Fiber

Senlong Yu,Hengxue Xiang,Jialiang Zhou,Zhe Zhou,Meifang Zhu 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.4

The flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) (FR-PLA) fibers with different contents of modified α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and polysulfonyldiphenylene phenyl phosphonate (OP) were prepared by melt spinning. The organic modification of α-ZrP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test were used to investigate the synergistic effect of OP/α-ZrP on flame-retardant property of FR-PLA, the test results suggested that the combustion of PLA fibers was efficiently inhibited by OP/α-ZrP. The results of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectrum, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the flame-retardant mechanism of OP/α-ZrP mainly depended on condensed phase. The tensile strength and morphology of FR-PLA fibers with OP/α-ZrP were better than those of fibers treated only with OP, demonstrating that α-ZrP could significantly improve the mechanical property of FR-PLA fibers.

Development of High-specificity Antibodies against Renal Urate Transporters Using Genetic Immunization

( Guo Shuang Xu ),( Xiang Mei Chen ),( Di Wu ),( Suo Zhu Shi ),( Jian Zhong Wang ),( Rui Ding ),( Quan Hong ),( Zhe Feng ),( Shu Peng Lin ),( Yang Lu ) 생화학분자생물학회 2006 BMB Reports Vol.39 No.6

The Impact of a Traditional Culture Seminar on the Output of College Students' Chinese Creative Writing

Nai-ming Hou,Xiang-zhe Cui 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2022 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.11 No.4

For a long time, traditional culture has been regarded as one of the sources of the inspiration, method and language of Chinese writing. In this article, we studied the medium- and long-term impact of a traditional Chinese culture seminar attended by college students on the output of creative writing. The seminar included traditional Chinese philosophy, history, literature, art, etc. It spanned three years (22 months) and held lectures lasting for approximately two hours once a week. The subjects of the prospective cohort study included 130 first-year college students who participated in the seminar and 130 controls. From September 2016 to June 2018, 72 lectures were held. We measured the creative writing output from the first lecture (September 2016) to December 2021 (64 months in total), including novels, essays, poems, and plays. Two indicators, the total number of words (TNW) and the quality of yield (QY), were evaluated by a 15-member panel. Although the TNW and QY of the participants and their controls were similar before the seminar, we found that the participants have higher TNW and QY than the controls after participating in the seminar. The difference in TNW became significant after month 51 (p<0.05), and the difference in QY became significant after month 46 (p<0.05). After these dates, the differences stabilized. In addition, text analysis indicates that by month 64, traditional cultural elements in the works of the participating group had a higher frequency (p<0.001). The research shows that the traditional culture seminar not only enhanced the yield of college students' creative writing but also improved the quality of their work. The traditional cultural elements enriched the works of the seminar participants.